Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle samazambane, kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo senhlabathi bese usifaka umquba ngesikhathi. Imboni yesimanje ikhiqiza inani elikhulu likamanyolo wamakhemikhali ngalezi zinhloso, kepha ngemuva kokufakwa kwazo isivuno ngeke sisaba semvelo futhi siphephe. Ukuze ucebise umhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo futhi wandise ukuzala kwawo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ungangqubuzani nemvelo, kubalulekile ukutshala umquba oluhlaza phakathi kwemigqa yamazambane ndawonye.
Yini ama-siderates amazambane?
AbakwaSiderates bangabaka- umanyolo wemvelo... Ngemuva kokutshala kwabo, inhlabathi iyalinywa, ngenxa yalokho ubukhulu obuluhlaza busemhlabathini. Lapho, iqala ukubola, okuholele ekukhishweni kwama-micro-macroelements awusizo.
Phakathi nenkathi, ungakhuphula kakhulu ukunikezwa kwe-humus kungqimba lwenhlabathi engenhla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungqimba oluphezulu luzothuthukiswa ngezinto ezinjalo ezidingekayo kumazambane njenge:
- i-potassium
- i-nitrogen;
- i-phosphorus, njll.
Kudingekile lawula inani lezitshalo ezikhulayo, ngoba uma kuningi, khona-ke hhayi ukubola, kepha i-acidification yezimila ezilinyiwe izokwenzeka. Lokhu kungaholela ekwandeni kwamagciwane.
I-Siderata ayigcini ngokufaka umquba enhlabathini futhi igcwalise ngezakhi zomzimba ezidingekayo. Zisiza nasekuqedeni izifo ezivame kakhulu nezinambuzane ezithinta amazambane.
Ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi
I-Siderata, njenganoma yisiphi isivuno, idinga ukulungiswa komhlaba ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngemuva kokuvuna, umhlaba uyalinganiswa ngeharika noma elinye ithuluzi, sifiso (ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 ngamamitha skwele ayikhulu).
Uma i-asidi yenhlabathi yanda, khona-ke ungangeza okuncane eluhlaza... Inhlabathi eyomile kakhulu kufanele iniselwe ngaphambi kokutshala umquba oluhlaza. Ngalezi zinhloso, kungcono ukusebenzisa ikhanda leshawa. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ungaqhubeka khona ngqo ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu nasekutshaleni.
Ungabeka kanjani
Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela umquba oluhlaza sikhethwa kuye ngenhloso abaziswa ngayo kusayithi. Uma izitshalo zenzelwe ukuxosha izinambuzane, khona-ke ungahlwanyela imbewu ngqo emaphaseji... Kulokhu, kuzodingeka uwasike ngezikhathi ezithile ukuvimbela imbewu ekuvuthweni.
Ukuhlwanyela umquba oluhlaza entwasahlobo kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba iqhwa selincibilikile.
Kufanele zingabi namakhaza, ngoba ngesikhathi amazambane etshalwa, lezi zitshalo sezivele zisikiwe. Ukuhlwanyela ekwindla kuhilela ukuphatha inhlabathi nokuwunothisa ngezinto zokulandela umkhondo eziwusizo zesizini elandelayo. Yonke imisebenzi edingekayo yenziwa ngemuva kokuvunwa kwesivuno futhi isiza sikhululekile ngokuphelele.
Kungani ziletha entwasahlobo
Lapho kuhlwanyelwa umquba oluhlaza entwasahlobo, amazambane azothola izakhamzimba kancane kancane ekuqobekeni kwawo sonke isikhathi sokukhula.
Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngokushesha, lapho nje iqhwa liyancibilika futhi umhlaba uqala ukufudumala. Izitshalo kumele zibande ziqine.
Entwasahlobo kuhle kakhulu ukutshala izitshalo ezifana:
- lwesinaphi;
- ukudlwengula;
- rye;
- ama-oats;
- phacelia.
Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-siderates, azokwenza zikhule ngasikhathi sinye namazambane, ucebisa inhlabathi futhi uxoshe izinambuzane.
Bangaba:
- imidumba;
- calendula;
- nasturtium.
Ngingatshala ekwindla
Uma ungakwazanga ukuvundisa umhlabathi entwasahlobo, khona-ke kungenzeka ukukwenza ekwindla, ngaleyo ndlela unakekele isivuno esizayo.
Ukuhlwanyela ekwindla komquba oluhlaza ngeke kuvundise umhlaba kuphela, kepha futhi cindezela ukhula, ukufaka isandla ekusetshenzisweni kwenhlabathi nge-oxygen, ukunciphisa inani lezilokazane.
Lapho ubala isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, udinga ukucabanga ngeqiniso lokuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, izitshalo kufanele zibe nesikhathi hhayi sokukhuphuka kuphela, kodwa futhi nokukhula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, azikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengamanyolo.
Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zitshalo ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa njengezindawo zasekwindla zamazambane:
- lwesinaphi;
- isithombo;
- ama-oats;
- i-alfalfa;
- i-phacelia;
- ukudlwengula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaziswa ngokukhethekile lwesinaphi esimhlophe, ngoba nguyena othambekele ekukhuleni ngokushesha noma emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Kepha ama-oats awakwazi ukugundwa kamuva, kepha amazambane angatshalwa ngqo kuwo. Kulokhu, isitshalo esomisiwe sizosebenza njengesivalo semifino futhi sivikele isivuno emiphumeleni emibi yemvelo yangaphandle.
Ungakhetha kanjani
Umbandela osemqoka lapho ukhetha umquba oluhlaza wamazambane yisimo esijwayelekile senhlabathi. Kufanele ikhululeke, nenani elanele lamaminerali, ngaphandle kwezinambuzane nezifo.
Ngeshwa, uhlobo olulodwa lwesitshalo luvame ukungakwazi ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga. Kulokhu, sebenzisa inhlanganisela yezitshalo eziningana.
Ukuze kwandiswe ukuthela kwenhlabathi nokuvundiswa kwawo, kutshalwa endaweni yamazambane akhulayo imidumba... Yibo abasusa abalimi esidingweni sokusebenzisa umanyolo wemvelaphi engokwemvelo futhi bagcwalise umhlaba ngazo zonke izinto ezincane ezidingekayo.
Ekulweni nezilokazane (wireworm, blight sekwephuzile) kuyasiza lwesinaphi noma i-colza... Kodwa ukwethusa ibhungane lamazambane laseColorado, kuhle ukutshala ifilakisi.
Futhi, umquba oluhlaza uzosiza ukubhekana nokhula olukhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlwanyela kusayithi ibuckwheat, nasturtium, isithombo, i-clover, i-alfalfa.
Yimuphi umquba oluhlaza olungele amazambane
Lokhu akusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umquba othile oluhlaza ungcono kumazambane kunamanye. Isitshalo ngasinye sifeza umsebenzi waso, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzihlanganisa wenze ingxube lapho kuhlwanyelwa.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona nenketho yendawo yonke - phacelia... Ayikwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa, izuza ngokushesha ubukhulu obuluhlaza futhi iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka inhlabathi ngokungena komoya okuhle. Yingakho lesi sitshalo sesithole ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
Ngingakwazi yini ukutshala uma inhlabathi itheleleke ngezinambuzane noma isikhunta?
Amazambane akufanele atshalwe enhlabathini engcolile noma enesifo. Ngaphambi kokufika, indawo enjalo idinga ikhambi... AKUFANELE usheshe futhi usebenzise ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. AbakwaSiderates bangasiza.
Abelaphi bemvelo bangaba:
- uwoyela isithombo;
- umhlophe wesinaphi;
- ukudlwengula;
- ukudlwengula.
Lezi zitshalo aziphulukisi inhlabathi kuphela, kodwa futhi lahla izinambuzaneokukuwo. Ezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu, izithombo zingashiywa emaphaseji. Ngakho-ke, ama-phytosaniters azokwenza umsebenzi wawo isizini yonke.
Izinhlobo zamazambane
Imidumba
Ama-legumes abhekwa ngokufanele njengomunye womquba oluhlaza kakhulu, onamandla okugcwalisa inhlabathi ngezinto ezilusizo zokulandela umkhondo.
Kuyafaneleka ukunaka i-viku... Kuyinto ekhuphuka minyaka yonke engavimbi ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kuphela, kepha futhi ithuthukisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwayo. Iziveze kahle ngezizathu ezingathathi hlangothi.
Isitshalo esifana ne i-clover emnandi ayikwazi nje kuphela ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi esizeni, kepha futhi ingasiza ekulweni nama-nematode kanye ne-wireworms. Ngenxa yohlelo lwempande olunamandla nolunamagatsha, luyakwazi ukukhipha izinto eziwusizo ekujuleni komhlaba.
Kuhle ukutshala ekwindla bese ushiya isitshalo ebusika. Lokhu kuzofinyelela umphumela omkhulu.
I-Cruciferous
Izitshalo zeCruciferous azisetshenziswanga nje kuphela njengomanyolo wemvelo, kepha futhi njenge umenzeli wokwelashwa kwenhlabathi... Basiza ukulwa namagciwane nezinambuzane.
Okuvame kakhulu kuleli qembu lwesinaphi esimhlophe... Inekhono hhayi lokwakha ngokushesha ngokushesha uhlaza oluhlaza, kepha futhi nokukhulula umhlabathi, ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwayo. Ngemuva kokugunda, isebenza njengomanyolo omuhle kakhulu, futhi ngenkathi yokukhula ivikela isiza kukhula.
Akufanele ukunakwa okuncane futhi uwoyela isithombo... Ngenxa yempande enamandla, isitshalo siwuthukulula kahle umhlabathi, sisize ukugcina umswakama, sibhubhise amagciwane e-pathogenic, futhi silwe kahle nezifo zefungal. Inamandla okucindezela ukhula. Lapho ibolile, yakha inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba.
Izinhlamvu
Izinhlamvu zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo enkulu njengomquba oluhlaza.
Rye kudonsela ukunaka kwabalimi ngenxa yezimbewu ezishibhile nenhlabathi engabambeki. Lapho ibolile, yakha inani elikhulu likamanyolo, kepha ayikwazi ukulungisa i-nitrogen enhlabathini.
Uma isetshenziswe njengomanyolo oluhlaza oats, lapho-ke ungakubuyisela ngesitshalo esisodwa sama-200 kg womquba ngamamitha skwele ayikhulu. Lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, sisiza ekulweni nokhula, ama-nematode, izifo zefungal, utwayi, ukubola kwezimpande.
Ngabe i-phacelia ingaba yi-siderat
UPacelia une isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuvuthwa... Lesi sitshalo siwuthukulula kahle umhlabathi, siwunothise nge-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus ngesikhathi sokubola, futhi sikwazi ukuvimbela ukukhula kokhula.
Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa kabanzi njengomquba oluhlaza. Ubekezelela amakhaza kahle, okwenza kube nokuvuna okuningana ngesizini ngayinye. Ubuningi obuluhlaza bungasetshenziswa futhi njengokudla kwezilwane.
Ubuhle nobubi
Umquba oluhlaza ubizwa ngokuthi umquba oluhlaza phakathi kwabalimi. Lokhu akunasizathu: lezi zitshalo, lapho zilinywa emhlabathini yenza njengomquba, i-peat noma eminye imanyolo. Lapho zibola, kwakheka inqwaba yezakhi ezisebenzisekayo ezincane nezincane, ezidingeka kakhulu ekukhuleni okugcwele nasekuthuthukisweni kwamazambane.
Eminye imvundla eluhlaza ayikwazi ukufaka umanyolo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwelapha inhlabathi, kanye nokuxosha izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezilokazane.
Ubhekilanga akufanele isetshenziswe njengomquba oluhlaza wamazambane. Lesi sitshalo ngenkathi sikhula ngokwaso sisebenzisa izakhi zomzimba eziningi, futhi isiqu saso esibolile sibola kancane kakhulu.
Cishe azikho izici ezingezinhle zokusebenzisa umanyolo onjalo. Ngaphandle kokuthi yona kanye inqubo yokukhulisa kwabo idinga izindleko ezithile zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokutshalwa kwemali kwamandla ayo, abasebenzi. Futhi inqubo yokukhula ithatha isikhathi esithile, ngakho-ke udinga ukubekezela futhi ulinde kuze kukhule inqwaba eluhlaza.
Uma usebenzisa umquba oluhlaza wamazambane, awukwazi ukwandisa umkhiqizo wesayithi kuphela, kodwa futhi khulisa umkhiqizo onobungani bemvelo... Ngemuva kwakho konke, umanyolo wemvelo uphephe ngokuphelele emzimbeni womuntu, ongeke ushiwo ngama-analogues wamakhemikhali.