Pear isithelo esinephunga elimnandi nge-pulp enamanzi amnandi. Yonke ingadi ayiphelele ngaphandle kwesihlahla sepheya.
Izithelo zidliwa zisanda kutsha, futhi zilungisa ama-compotes, zigcine, zihlanganise futhi zenze ujusi. Ubuhle besithelo ukuthi bunempilo eshalofini ende.
Wonke umuntu osebenza engadini ulwela ukuthola isivuno esihle. Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi izithelo ziqala ukubola ngaphambi kokuba zithole isikhathi sokuvuthwa esihlahleni... Yiziphi izizathu nokuthi ungazigcina kanjani izithelo?
Kungani amapheya ebola aqhekeke emagatsheni ezihlahla?
Wonke umuntu uqaphele amapheya abolile esihlahleni, izinhlobo ezindala zokuzalela zitholakala kakhulu kulo mkhuba. Njengoba okhokho babo buhlobene ngqo nepheya lasendle.
Izithelo ukubola yisifo sokukhunta esonakalisa izitshalo. Uma uqaphela ichashaza elincane kupheya elikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kubola. Uyakwazi ukumboza sonke isithelo nesitshalo ngokushesha okwanele.
Kwenzeka lokho ukuthi kukhona ichashaza elincane kuphela esikhunjeni, kodwa ngaphakathi kwayo yonke inyama kunsundu futhi kuthambe kakhulu... Lokhu kukhuluma ngobuqili be-fungus, elungele ukubhubhisa hhayi ukubukeka kuphela, kepha nokunambitheka.
Izithelo zibola ezihlahleni ze-apula nezepeyari:
Ukungqubuzana kwefungus kuvela esithelweni esinegciwane, lapho kwakhiwa khona i-conidia. Athwalwa ngumoya, imvula nezinambuzane.
Ngenxa yalokho, izithelo ezisele zitheleleke ngokuphelele. Ukubola kwepharele kuqala ngomsila bese kuthi ngokuvuthwa okugcwele isithelo sikwazi ukubola ngokuphelele.
Inkinga kufanele ixazululwe ngokuphelele, okungukuthi kufanele ngisuse isihlahla esidala.
Kukhona enye inketho gcina isivuno. Vuna amapheya angavuthiwe. Amapheya aluhlaza amakhulu futhi aqinile abekwe emthunzini, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ungazijabulela izithelo ezinephunga elimnandi.
Ngokuqondene nezinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa okusha, zivuthwa esihlahleni. Kugcinwe isikhathi eside endaweni epholile. Isikhunta siba imbangela yokubola.
Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-moniliosis. Kuthinta umbungu. Akuthinti amagxolo esihlahla; isebenza njengothwala izifo.
Ukulwa nalesi sifo kuyadingeka ngokushesha. Ukuvuna okugcwele amapheya kude nabantu abaphilile. Izithelo ezitheleleke nge-moniliosis akufanele zingcwatshwe emhlabathini noma zigcinwe emgodini womquba.
Kungani? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlamvu zefungal zibekezelela ukubanda kahle, ngakho-ke bangawela kwezinye izihlahla entwasahlobo. Ukwehlulwa okukhulu kusongela ngokungabikho kwesivuno.
I-moniliosis ezihlahleni zezithelo:
Kuvelaphi ukubola kwezithelo ezihlahleni?
Ukhunta lweMoniliosis lungangena embungwini ngezilonda esikhumbeni. Kulula ukulimaza umbungu. Lokhu kungenziwa yizinambuzane, isichotho, imvula, umoya.
Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngenxa yokuxhumana okuseduze nombungu otheleleke ngesikhunta. Kusukela ngonyaka odlule, izithelo ezithelelekile zingahlala zilenga, okusabalalisa ukutheleleka esitshalweni esisha.
Umqhele wesihlahla nawo ungasabalalisa lesi sifoNgakho-ke, wonke amaqabunga athintekile, amagatsha, izithelo kufanele zisuswe ngesikhathi kuthenwa indle.
Izithelo ezithathelwanayo ezingazange zivunwe ngemuva kokuvuna ziba mnyama, zomile, futhi ukumunyiswa kwemvelo kuyenzeka. Kunconywa ukusika lezi zithelo kanye namagatsha.lapho zilenga khona.
Isikhunta singaba semagqolweni omuthi isikhathi eside, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi le ndawo iba mnyama. ngakho-ke amagatsha anesifo athenwa ngokubanjwa kwezinkuni ezinempilo ngamashumi amasentimitha. Wonke amahlumela omisiwe athenwa endaweni enokhuni oluphilile.
Lesi sifo sisakazwa yizinhlamvu zesikhunta ngumoya nangezinambuzane ezithanda ukuzitika ngomthelo wezithelo ezimnandi. Izimo ezithandekayo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-moniliosis ukushisa nomswakama ophezulu.
Ngokuyisisekelo, izihlahla ezinemiqhele ejiyile ziyagula ngokubola kwezithelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukuqala kwesifo, vala amagatsha abuthakathaka njalo.
Izimpawu zezithelo zibola ezihlahleni:
- Izimpawu zesikhunta zingaqala ukuvela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
- Ukutheleleka kungenzeka futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi isikhumba siba buthambile, futhi izinhlamvu zefungal zingangena kuso. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhunta siqala ukukhula, esisabalalela kuso sonke isithelo.
- Endaweni yokutheleleka, ukuvela kwesikhunta kwenzeka, ngokubukeka kunombhalo oyindilinga onamabhulethi amancane akhanyayo ngendlela yemibuthano. Isikhunta sisakazeka ngokushesha, asithinti isikhumba kuphela, kodwa futhi nomgogodla.
- Ukutheleleka kungenzeka kuphela ngokudluliswa kwezinambuzane, kepha futhi nangokuxhumana okusondelene nombungu onegciwane.
- Izithelo ezinegciwane ziwela emoyeni onamandla, kepha futhi zingabambelela ngokuqinile esiqwini, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyoma bese zihlala zilenga esihlahleni. Zenza lukhuni, okungukuthi, ziyagwinya bese ziphenduka zimnyama zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhunta asesabi amakhaza, ngakho-ke singadlula ebusika ngaphandle kwezinkinga izithelo, amagatsha namahlumela.
- Izimo ezithandekayo zokubonakala kwezinhlamvu zefungal ubumnyama, izinga lokushisa eliphansi nomoya oswakeme.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma umbungu ubola, ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani ne-moniliosis?
Ukunakekela isivuno esizayo kuzoqala entwasahlobo... Lapho nje iqhwa selincibilika, udinga ukuhlola isihlahla nendawo eseduze kwaso. Qoqa wonke amahlamvu namagatsha ngonyaka odlule, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izithelo eziwile.
Uma izithelo zanyakenye zilenga esihlahleni, kumele zisusweb, ngoba bangatheleleka ngezinhlamvu zefungal. Uthanda umqhele ominyene namagatsha omisiwe anganiki isivuno.
Uma ukuhlukahluka kwepheya kuthanda ukwakheka kokubola, qiniseka ukuphatha umuthi ngezidakamizwa njengendlela yokuvimbela:
- Ukucubungula kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezinso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe ithusi. Zizosiza ukuvikela isihlahla ku-moniliosis. Ungasebenzisa uketshezi lweBordeaux njengekhemikhali.
- Ukucubungula kwesibili amalungiselelo ngemuva kwezimbali zepheya.
- Ngesikhathi sokuthela yenza inqubo izikhathi eziningana.
- Ukucubungula kokugcina i-fungicidal ezokwenziwa ngemuva kokuvuna. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa i-copper sulphate, edinga ukuphathwa kahle ngomqhele, isiqu sepheya nombuthano wesiqu.
Ngomswakama ophezulu womoya zonke izinhlobo zamapheya kufanele ziphathwe ngamalungiselelo okuvimbela ukusabalala kwefungus.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides we-organic njenge uketshezi lwe-bordeaux, i-oxychloride yethusi... Ukucubungula kungenziwa ngesikhathi nangemva kokuqhakaza.
I-Moniliosis ithinta kuphela izithelo, kepha izinhlamvu zefungal zingagcinwa emahlamvu, umqhele, emhlabathini. Ngokushesha nje lapho ubona amapheya abolile esihlahleni, wasuse ngokushesha emagatsheni ukuze ukutheleleka kungasabalali ngokuqhubekayo.
Qoqa izithelo ezibolile eziwile, njengoba nazo zithwala ukhunta.
Ukuvimbela ukubola kwezithelo
Ukunakekela isihlahla kuyadingeka unyaka wonke, kodwa ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo:
- Ukuthena amahlumela omisiwe ekupheleni kobusika, ngaphambi kokuba efihlekile ikhule... Prune amagatsha afile futhi aphukile ngendlela eya engxenyeni enempilo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuqoqa futhi uchithe wonke amaqabunga awile ngonyaka odlule asele emagatsheni.
- Qoqa zonke izithelo zomzimba, zibeka engcupheni isivuno esisha.
- Ukuncipha komqhele kuyadingeka ukuze izihlahla zome ngokushesha ngemuva kwemvula. Ngenxa yalokhu, amathuba okugula nge-moniliosis esihlahleni ancishiswa kaningana.
- Izithelo ezinciphile... Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, shiya izithelo ezinkulu kuphela.
- Susa izithelo ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokuvuna, ungalimazi amagatsha. Hlola isithelo ngasinye ngaphambi kokugcina ipheya. Amapheya athelelekile akufanele ahlale esihlahleni nasemhlabathini, kufanele abhujiswe.
- Ukwelashwa kwezinkuni ngama-fungicides ephilayo... Lapho amahlumela eqala ukuvuvukala, kungakuhle ukwelapha lesi sihlahla nge-Bordeaux liquid. Kudingekile ukucubungula hhayi kuphela isihlahla, kodwa futhi nensimu eseduze nesiqu. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngamalungiselelo we-fungicidal azovikela izithelo. Inqubo iphindwa kaningana, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwezithelo nangemva kokuvuna.
Khumbula lokho ukulwa ngesikhathi esifanele ne-fungus kuzosindisa isivuno... I-Moniliosis ithinta izithelo nembewu nembewu, ngakho-ke, lapho kuqala izimpawu zesifo, kufanelekile ukuqala ukulwa okulwa nale nkinga.
Nakekela isihlahla ngesikhathi, futhi ngokuqinisekile izokubonga ngesivuno esicebile.