Ukushoda kwe-nitrogen ezitshalweni kuholela ekukhuleni kahle kwe-bud, amahlumela abuthaka futhi angathuthuki, amaqabunga amancane, kanye nokuchithwa kwamaqabunga kusenesikhathi. I-Urea izosiza ukulungisa isimo. Yini eyenzelwe nokuthi wenzeni ngayo? Sizokhuluma ngokusebenza kwayo nokucubungula ingadi nemifino engaphezulu.
Yini i-Urea?
Ungumanyolo wamaminerali onamanani aphezulu enitrogen. Isetshenziswa njengokudla okuyinhloko noma okungeziwe kwezilimo ezahlukahlukene.
I-Urea iyinhlanganisela yokuqala yezinto eziphilayo etholakala ngokuphendula kwamakhemikhali ezintweni ezingaphili.
Ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-urea, izitshalo zikhula kahle futhi zithela izithelo ngobuningi. Izinambuzane ezinjenge-weevils, aphid kanye ne-copperheads ziyanyamalala ngemuva kokufafaza.
Indawo ephephuli izokwehla ezihlahleni zezithelo nasezihlahleni uma ziphathwa ngesixazululo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla.
ICarbamide ne-urea: ingabe into efanayo noma cha?
Eqinisweni, lawa ngamagama amabili omanyolo owodwa. Ekuqaleni, yahlanganiswa nomchamo wezinkomo ngokuhwamuka, into eyaba nomphumela ibizwa ngokuthi i-urea.
I-Urea yigama lesayensi lokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali okwenziwa njengamanje.
Umanyolo umbadlana omncane omhlophe oncibilika kahle emanzini afudumele.
Ukwakhiwa nezakhiwo zomuthi
ICarbamide ingumanyolo we-nitrogen ogxile kakhulu ongenawo ama-nitrate. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungcono esigabeni sokukhula kwezitshalo. Uma uyisebenzisa esigabeni sokwakheka kwamahlumela, khona-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ungayilahla ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
Izici ezinhle zomanyolo:
- Ayikwazi ukudala ukusha ezitshalweni lapho kufuthwa.
- Kwandisa isivuno sekwindla sezithelo ezitshalweni zezitshalo nezithelo.
- Impi enhle kakhulu yokulwa nama-parasites kanye nama-agent athathelanayo.
- Kumuncwa izitshalo ngesikhathi esifushane.
- Ukuhlungwa kwe-nitrogen kumaseli ezitshalo kukhula kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbili ngemuva kokufafaza.
- Iyakwazi ukwehlisa ukuqhakaza kwezimbali futhi yehlise ubungozi bokuthi izimbali ziwe zibanda.
- Kukhulisa inani lamaprotheni ezitshalweni.
- Cishe ayigezi iye ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomhlaba.
- Kubola kancane emhlabathini.
- Iyancibilika kalula, ayishiyi nsalela.
Izinhlangothi ezingezinhle ze-carbamide:
- Yehlisa ukuhluma kwembewu uma kuningi kakhulu emhlabathini.
- Iyakwazi ukulimaza izithombo ezincane, uma zisetshenziswe ngokungafanele.
- Kugcinwe kumanani athile asunguliwe.
- Kuhlanganiswe kabi nezinto eziningi.
Ukuhlanganiswa neminye imanyolo
Akunconyelwa ukuxuba i-urea nomanyolo one-alikhali, ngoba ngemuva kokuphendula kwamakhemikhali, i-ammonia ikhishwa futhi i-nitrogen iyanyamalala.
Uma uhlanganisa i-urea ne-superphosphate eyimpuphu, izakhiwo zala manyolo ziyashintsha. Lokhu kungagwenywa ngokuqala ngokungeza itshe le-limestone, ithambo noma i-phosphate ku-superphosphate.
Ungagcina ingxube ye-urea ne:
- i-sodium ne-potassium nitrate;
- umquba;
- i-potassium chloride;
- i-potassium sulfate;
- i-ammonium nitrate.
Ngaphambi kokufaka umquba engadini nezitshalo nezithelo, ama-urea angaxubana nofulawa we-phosphorite, i-superphosphate, i-ammonium sulfate.
Akunakusetshenziswa ukuthi urea nomlotha, umanyolo we-lime, i-calcium nitrate ihlanganiswe.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa isixazululo
Ukusabalalisa ama-carbamide granules azungeze ingadi ngeke kunikeze imiphumela elindelekile, ngoba ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya, izinhlanganisela zayo ziyahlakazeka. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kutholakala uma kufakwa emhlabathini. Ukutholakala komoya ku-ammonium carbonate kuzokhawulwa, ngenxa yalokho, izakhamzimba zizofika ezitshalweni.
I-Urea ilungele ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi.
Zonke izitshalo zinezidingo ezahlukahlukene zomsoco. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukulungisa isixazululo se-urea sesitshalo ngasinye ngokuhlukile.
Ekwindla, ingasetshenziswa kuphela engadini engenalutho, ngoba ingalimaza izitshalo ezingapheli nezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika zika-anyanisi nogalikhi. Kepha ochwepheshe bakubheka njengokungafanele ukuyisebenzisa ngalesi sikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi i-urea iyabola ngokushesha, futhi ezinye izinto ziyahwamuka.
Umanyolo usetshenziswa kangcono entwasahlobo ngokukhula okusebenzayo nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesixazululo kuyasebenza enhlabathini emanzi. Ku-granules, isetshenziselwa ukumba nokukhulula.
Ukuzala
Ukulungiselela isixazululo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ama-granules ngamalitha amabili wamanzi. Govuza uze uqedwe ngokuphelele, bese ufaka amanzi kumthamo odingekayo.
Ukufafaza nokulungisa ingadi
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-urea spraying, eyenziwa ekuphumeni kwelanga noma ekushoneni kwelanga, esimweni sezulu esizolile.
Izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahlana zifuthwa ngesisombululo esigxile kakhulu kunezitshalo ezi-herbaceous.
Ukubhubhisa izinambuzane ezifakwe emanzini, udinga ukucubungula izihlahla kuze kuvele amahlumela, lapho izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke lisethwe ku- + 5 ° C.
Ngesikhathi sokuwa kwamaqabunga, ungafutha izihlahla ezinezifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye namaqabunga awo awile. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze amasiko wangonyaka ozayo angaguli.
Amanani wokusebenza ku-horticulture
Ngemifino, izimbali kanye namajikijolo nge-1m2 :
- ama-roses, irises, iminduze ye-calla, i-hyacinths, i-hippeastrum - 5-10 gr .;
- Ukhukhamba nophizi - 6-9 gr .;
- isikwashi, isitshalo seqanda kanye ne-zucchini - 10-12 gr .;
- upelepele, utamatisi, iklabishi, ama-beet, amazambane, u-anyanisi negalikhi - 19-23 gr .;
- ama-strawberry - 13-20 gr.
Okwezitshalo nezithelo zamajikijolo ngesitshalo ngasinye
- amapheya amancane kanye nezihlahla ze-apula - 150 gr .;
- izithelo zamapheya nezihlahla ze-apula - 200-250 gr .;
- ama-plums amancane, ama-cherries, ama-berry bushes - 70 gr .;
- ama-plums ama-fruiting nama-cherries - 120-140 gr.
I-Urea ingumanyolo osebenza kahle kakhulu ekutshaleni izilimo. Bangondla izitshalo nomhlabathi, babhubhise izinambuzane, futhi bavikele izitshalo ezifweni. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, thetha isisombululo esingu-5% ngokwemiyalo, bese uzama nokuthi ungasisabalalisi engadini... Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuyasiza ezitshalweni entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuzuza okuluhlaza okotshani, nokuvikela izifo nezinambuzane - ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga lokuqala lekwindla.