Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo, izihlahla zamajikijolo zivame ukugoba kusuka kumthwalo wezithelo noma imimoya enamandla, okwenza ukukha kube nzima. Ukuze kube lula ukusebenza, lapho kuvuna, kusetshenziswa inqubo eyodwa ekhethekile yezolimo - ukulungisa izitshalo ezisekelweni, eyenziwe ngesimo sendiza enezingqimba noma eqondile. Ngale njongo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-trellis ekhethekile, yize abanye abalimi bebopha izihlahla ukuze bahlukanise izigxobo. Indlela yokwendlalela kahle umbhede wesihlahla samajingijolo kanye ne-trellis ngezandla zakho, ungathola ngezansi.
Inhloso nezinzuzo ze-trellis zama-raspberries akhulayo
Okokuqala, ake sijwayelane nenhloso ye-trellis. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zesimanje, ezithela kakhulu zamajikijolo achaziwe anokuphakama okukhulu, cishe amamitha ayi-1.6-1.8, ngakho-ke ezinye izitshalo azikwazi ukumelana nomthwalo wesivuno. Zonke ziye zakha amagatsha ezithelo asemaceleni, ahlehlisela phansi lapho amajikijolo evuthwa. Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-garter yezihlahla ezitshalwe emigqeni., ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa i-tapestry. Lapho kukhuliswa izinhlobo ezintsha ezitshalwe ngamanani amancane ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zensimu, kusetshenziswa izisekeli ezihlukile nezixhasi.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-trellis esitshalweni sokusajingijolo zisobala:
- uma ubopha izihlahla, amagatsha aphansi ngeke athinte phansi, ngakho-ke, ubuso bamajikijolo namaqabunga ngeke kungcoliswe inhlabathi;
- akusalanga mkhondo wokungcola ezithelweni ngemuva kwemvula enkulu;
- imigqa yamajikijolo ishaywa kahle ngumoyalokho kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene;
- izihlahla zamajingijolo thola ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele, okuzofaka isandla ekuvuthweni okufanayo kwesitshalo.
Ukusebenzisa i-trellis engadini nakho kwenza kube lula ukunakekela isihlahla samajikijolo futhi sisebenza njengothango. Ngemuva kokubopha izihlahla, kulula kakhulu ukufeza izinyathelo ezifana ne-agrotechnical njengokuthena izitshalo, ususe amahlumela alimele anikeze izithelo. Kulula lapha ukunisela nokuhlanganisa izitshalo, ususe amajikijolo avuthiwe, bese ulungisa izihlahla zasebusika.
Izinketho zokwakha zeTrellis
I-raspberry trellis idizayini ekhethekile, okuwumugqa wokuthunyelwe. Imigqa eminingana yocingo lwensimbi noma intambo eqinisiwe yelulwa phakathi kwabo ekuphakameni okuthile; ukuqinisa kungasetshenziswa futhi. Ngokwenzayo, izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-trellises ziyasetshenziswa: umzila owodwa noma umzila ophindwe kabili... Ngokuya kwabalimi abanesipiliyoni, uhlobo lokuqala lwe-trellis lusetshenziswa kangcono ezindaweni ezincane.
I-single-strip trellis, izindlela zamajikijolo we-garter
Inhloso enkulu yesakhiwo sokusekelwa esichaziwe kubhekwa njengokugcinwa kwamahlumela okusajingijolo ngocingo olweluliwe noma ngewele. Esimweni esinjalo ama-garter amajikijolo enziwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- ekuqondisweni okuqondile;
- ngaphansi kwethambeka elithile;
- fan;
- ukubekwa kwamahhala kwamagatsha ezithelo.
Zonke izindlela ezichaziwe zokubopha zingenzeka kuhlobo olulodwa lwe-trellis, lapho amagatsha esitshalo ehlelwe ngendlela ethile phakathi kwemigqa yocingo.
Ngaphezu kokulungisa isikhundla samahlahla okusajingijolo ngenkathi yokukhula, i-trellis nayo yenza omunye umsebenzi, ukulungiselela izitshalo zasebusika. Kulesi simo, izitshalo zithambekele phansi bese ziboshelwa emgqeni ongezansi wocingo.
Kulokhu, ngesikhathi kufakwa i-trellis ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amagatsha kusuka ngonyaka odlule agobile phansi futhi alungiswa ngokuvundlile. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, amagatsha ezithelo azoqala ukukhuphukela phezulu, kepha amaqabunga alele azosala ehlumela elikhulu eduze kwesisekelo. Le ndlela yokwakha isihlahla yenza lula umsebenzi wokuvikela insimu yama-raspberry ebusika.... Ububi bendlela echaziwe yisidingo sokulungisa nokubopha isihlahla ngasinye. Emasimini amancane okusajingijolo, umsebenzi onjalo ngeke ubangele inkathazo enkulu engadini, kepha lapho kukhona insimu enkulu, isidingo sokubopha isitshalo ngasinye sithathwa njengesingesihle.
Imigqa emibili yemigwaqo
Ezindaweni ezinkulu zokutshala, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izisekelo zemizila emibili. Imiklamo enjalo ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana:
- esimweni sohlamvu T;
- kukhishwe okuvundlile;
- ngesimo se-V;
- ngendlela yohlamvu u-Y.
I-trellis enemizila emibili ayisekeli nje amajikijolo asendaweni oyifunayo, ukusetshenziswa komklamo onjalo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha izitshalo.
Izisekeli ezicatshangwayo zenziwa ngesimo semigqa emibili yezintambo ezihambisana nomunye nomunye. Ukuphakama kwemihlahlandlela kungahluka. Irowu engezansi itholakala ebangeni lamasentimitha angama-50 ukusuka phansi. Ingxenye ephezulu yocingo ingafakwa kumaki wamamitha amathathu, kuya ngobude bezihlahla. Lo mklamo uvimbela ukuqina kwezitshalo, kwenza sikwazi ukuqondisa amahlumela athela izithelo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, okusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwesitshalo.
I-tapestry ngendlela yohlamvu T
Njengoba igama lisho, isakhiwo esichaziwe senziwa ngesimo sezinsimbi ezimile njengo-T. Izinto ezisemqoka zokufakwa kwamaraki we-trellis enjalo kubhekwa njengemishayo yokhuni, amapayipi wensimbi, kanye nokusika ukuqinisa. Imvamisa, izinto ezinjalo ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zilungiswe ngokungafani komunye nomunye. Imigqa yocingo kufanele ivikelwe emaphethelweni epulangwe... Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa isihlahla, amahlumela abekwa emikhonweni ehlukene ye-trellis. Kulokhu, ukukhula okuncane kuqala ukwakha phakathi nendawo yesitshalo, cishe okungafakwanga izithunzi zezitshalo ezinkulu ezithela izithelo.
Ukusekelwa okwenziwe nge-V
Idizayini ebhekwayo inezindiza ezimbili ezisebenzayo ezithambekele kusukela phakathi kwezihlahla ziye ezinhlangothini. Mayelana nalokhu, okunjalo i-trellis ivame ukubizwa ngemizila emibili ethambekele... Izitshalo zakhiwa ngohlelo olwedlule, kepha ibanga phakathi kwemiphetho yezindiza ezisebenzayo akumele libe ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-2.
I-trellis emiswe njengo-Y
Le inguqulo entsha ye-trellis yokubopha nokunakekela izihlahla zerasibheli. Isici salo mklamo ukusetshenziswa kwamahinji nama-blade., esiza ukuqondisa izindiza ezisebenzayo ze-trellis ngendlela elula engela elithile. Ehlobo, ama-blade aphakanyisiwe, ebusika noma entwasahlobo anciphisa, okwenza kube lula ukwakha indawo yokuhlala ukuvikela izitshalo emakhazeni.
Ungayenza kanjani i-trellis ngezandla zakho, ubukhulu bezinto zasesiteji
Njengoba sichazile ngenhla, zonke izinhlobo ze-trellises zenziwa ngezinsimbi zokhuni noma zensimbi ezinamabomu ahlukahlukene phakathi kwazo lapho kwelulwe khona ucingo endaweni ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho Izintambo zocingo zingashada noma zibhangqwe, kuya ngohlobo lwe-trellis.
Ukwenza i-trellis ngendlela yendiza emile, izikhonkwane zokhuni ziqhutshwa ngendlela ethile esigabeni bese kudonswa intambo. Ngemuva kwalokho, njalo emamitheni amabili noma amathathu, bamba imigodi ngehalavu noma ngebhodi ekhethekile yengadi. Izikhala ezenziwe ngokhuni zifakwa emigodini ezinamamitha ayi-0.7 ukujula, bese kuthi imigqa eminingana yocingo (imvamisa emithathu) idonswe bese ilungiswa ezisekelweni. Umugqa wokuqala weziqondiso uqondiswa ebangeni lamasentimitha angama-40-50 ukusuka emhlabathini, owesibili engxenyeni emaphakathi yamahlumela ehlathini, umugqa wokugcina wocingo kufanele utholakale ngamasentimitha angama-20 ngaphansi kwezihloko zamajikijolo.
Ububi bendlela echaziwe yisidingo sokubopha isihlahla ngasinye ngokuhlukile emigqeni yocingo. Uma usebenzisa i-trellis enemizila emibili, amahlumela wezithelo aphonswa nje emigqeni engenhla.
Lapho uhlela i-trellis emise okwe-T, ama-trellises ngamanye enziwa ngendlela yohlamvu T. Kulesi simo, umugqa omkhulu wemigoqo yokhuni noma insimbi kufanele ube nobude obungamamitha ayi-1.2-1.3. Ilungu lesiphambano linamathele esisekelweni lisebenzisa izipikili (zemikhiqizo yezinkuni) noma i-welding (yamapayipi ensimbi). Kokuthunyelwe okuyinhloko kwe-trellis, kufakwe imigqa emibili yocingo neminye emibili ezinhlangothini eziphezulu. Ngale ndlela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, amagatsha ezithelo azolala ocingweni, kepha ingxenye emaphakathi yehlathi ngeke isale ebukhali, ngoba iziqu zesitshalo zizolungiswa emigqeni engezansi yocingo.
Izinto ezisemqoka ekwakhiweni kwezitendi ze-trellis kungaba ngokhuni, amapayipi wensimbi (ukuqinisa okujiyile) noma ipulasitiki, lapha konke kuncike kwisivuno (umthwalo) wesitshalo. Esikhundleni socingo, ungasebenzisa ukuqiniswa okuncane, ama-slats amancane wokhuni noma i-twine eqinisiwe.
Isikimu sokutshala ama-raspberries ku-trellis, ukulungiswa kwensimu
Ukuthola isivuno esihle samajikijolo ku-trellis, kuyadingeka ukulungisa umhlaba ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo. Esimweni esinjalo ama-raspberries atshalwe kulayini owodwa, okuzokwenza kube lula ukunakekelwa kwesiko. Okokuqala, kumbiwa umsele ongajulile, cishe ngefosholo ongafinyelela kuwo ngamasentimitha angama-50 ububanzi. Endaweni yokutshala, inhlabathi iyathukululwa ngemfologo yensimu. Kule ndawo, amanzi athelwa ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 ketshezi kumitha ngayinye yomugqa, umhlaba okhishwe ngaphandle komgodi uhlanganiswe ngokuphelele nomanyolo wezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi nomlotha wokhuni (kumitha ngayinye yomugqa womugqa, udinga ukuthatha ilitha lomlotha kanye no-200 amagremu enitroammophoska).
Izithombo zama-raspberry ezilungiselelwe zibekwa kude ngamasentimitha angama-25 komunye nomunye, ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo luqondiswa lufafazwe ngenhlabathi enomsoco. Ukwenza ngcono ukuxhumana kwezimpande nenhlabathi, umhlaba uyahlanganiswa bese uyaniselwa... Uma utshala izitshalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izihlahla zigawulwa ngendlela yokuthi ingxenye engenhla yesikhotha iphuma cishe ngamasentimitha angama-20-30 ngenhla komhlaba, kulandelwe ukumbozwa kwenhlabathi kusetshenziswa uthuli lwesaha noma utshani obuqoshiwe.
Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezindala kufanele lihambisane namasentimitha angama-40, ngakho-ke ngonyaka olandelayo izihlahla ziyafakwa kabusha.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, njengoba zikhula, amahlumela okusajingijolo aboshelwe emigqeni yocingo lwe-trellis... Njengoba sesishilo, ukufakwa ngakunye kwe-trellis kufakwe ebangeni lamamitha ama-2-3 ukusuka komunye nomunye (uma usebenzisa izisekelo ezinamandla, ibanga lingakhuphukela kumamitha ayi-4-5). Ukukhulisa impilo yensizakalo yezinsimbi zokhuni, isisekelo sabo, esizobe sisemhlabathini, simbozwe nge-resin eshisayo noma eshisiwe. Qaphela ukuthi ububanzi bezinsika kufanele okungenani bube ngamasentimitha ayi-15, futhi ukuphakama kungamamitha amabili. Ukufaka okuthunyelwe, ifosholo livame ukusetshenziswa, akuvamile ukubhola okukhethekile. Imigqa yocingo noma yokuqinisa ifakiwe phakathi kokuthunyelwe njalo ngamasentimitha angama-50.
Ukunakekelwa okusajingijolo: ukondla, ukuchelela nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane
Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwamajikijolo kuqala ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwezithelo zokuqala. Kule nkathi kubalulekile ukwenza ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezithile kwenhlabathi, ukhulule ama-aisles, uqede ukhula... Isendlalelo semvunge sizosiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Ukudla kokuqala kwamajikijolo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umanyolo wezimbiwa oyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kulesi simo, amanzi, akhishwa ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, azoncibilikisa ama-granules ezinomsoco futhi azothuthukisa ukungcwatshwa kwawo emhlabathini ezimpandeni zezitshalo.
Ukudla kwesibili kwamajikijolo kwenziwa ngesikhathi kwakhiwa nokuvuthwa kwesitshalo. Ukunothisa okwesithathu kwenhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo kwenziwa ekwindla. Lapho ulungiselela ama-raspberries ebusika, kubalulekile ukuthi ungawavundisi nge-nitrogen, ngoba le nto ivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Ngokuphathelene ebusika, ama-raspberries ondliwa ngengxube ye-potassium ne-phosphorus... Akunasidingo sokwandisa inani likamanyolo ngenkathi yokukhula. Izakhi zomzimba eziningi emhlabathini zizokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kobuningi obuluhlaza, kepha ngeke zenyuse isivuno.
Baqala ukulwa nezinambuzane nezifo kusuka entwasahlobo... Okokuqala, amasiko ayahlolwa ukuthi awonakele yini. Amahlamvu onakaliswe yithonsi ayasikwa ashiswe. Okunye ukutshala kulashwa ngenhlanganisela yeBordeaux yokuhlungwa okungu-4%. Lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izifo zefungal. Ama-insecticide asetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa ama-insecticide emasimini e-raspberry.
Kucatshangelwa esinye isilinganiso sokunakekela amajikijolo okukhulunywa ngawo ukuthena ngesikhathi esifanele... Phakathi nale misebenzi, iziqu ezithuthuke kakhulu zisele kusayithi, konke okunye kunqunywa. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwesitshalo esichaziwe, ukuchelela ngesikhathi esifanele, ukondla nokuthena, ukubopha amahlumela ocingweni kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqoqe isivuno esinothile. Esihlokweni sethu, sifunde indlela yokwenza i-trellis yama-raspberry nokunakekela lesi sitshalo. ngiyethemba ukuthi imininingwane enikeziwe izoba wusizo, inhlanhla nokuvuna okuhle.