Iodine yinto ewusizo hhayi kubantu kuphela, kepha futhi nezitshalo eziningi zemifino nezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthambisa izitshalo zakho ozithandayo ngokudla okususelwa e-iodine, udinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela izindlela zokupheka zezisombululo kanye nomgomo wokusebenza komkhiqizo wokwelapha kwizithombo zikatamatisi.
Ungondla futhi usebenze utamatisi ngama-whey, kuya ngenhloso okwenziwa ngayo ukucubungula. Ungawasebenzisa kanjani amakhambi wesintu nokuthi ungakanani, kungani udinga ukunisela izithombo zamakhukhamba nokuthi ungazicubungula kanjani ngemuva kokukhetha, sizokutshela ngokuqhubekayo.
Kungani iodine ilusizo kuzithombo zikatamatisi
Utamatisi okufuna kakhulu ubukhona be-iodine, ngakho-ke, abakwazi nje ukukhula ngokugcwele ngaphandle kwayo.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo zokusetshenziswa kwe-iodine:
- Ikhuthaza ukuthela okuningi.
- Kuqinisa ukungavikeleki kwezitshalo ezisencane.
- Kusheshisa ukuhluma kwembewu.
- I-ejenti ebabazekayo yokulwa nezifo.
Ukunisela nokufafaza ngesisombululo se-iodine esingagxilile kuyikhambi elihle kakhulu kusukela ekulimaleni sekwephuzile kanye ne-powdery isikhutha.
Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwezitshalo ezigulayo nge-iodine kuzovimbela ukusakazeka kwesifo esiyingozi ekutshaleni utamatisi futhi kulondoloze isivuno esizayo.
Ungakunquma kanjani ukungabi khona kwe-iodine esitshalweni
Njengomthetho, ukubonakala kwesitshalo kubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-iodine. Yini okufanele uyinake lapho uhlola amahlathi?
- Ukushoda kuthinta isimo sotamatisi: amaqabunga aba kuphaphathekile, iziqu - mncane.
- Utamatisi uvame ukugula izifo eziyingozi, njenge-blight sekwephuzile, indawo ensundu, i-mosaic ne-rot rot. Umthamo ngemuva kokuphulukiswa okuphelele kokutshala uphinde ugule ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzivikela okuhle.
- Ngenxa yokushoda kwamatamatisi amadala, angena esigabeni sezithelo sekwephuzile noma ungalethi ukuvuna nhlobo... Uma iodine ingangezwa ngokushesha ezitshalweni, izithelo zizoba ncane, zivame ukuba luhlaza. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola isivuno esivulekile kulezi zitshalo.
Ungondla kanjani
Isixazululo sisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezitshalo ngendlela yezimpande nokudla kwamahlamvu. Indlela yokuqala ifaka ukuchelela utamatisi empandeni, okwesibili ukufafaza amaqabunga ngesisombululo sezakhi. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bashintsha izimpande nokugqoka amaqabunga ukuze bafeze umphumela omuhle kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sethulwa iodine, kufanele kulandelwe ukulandelana okulandelayo:
- Izithombo eziqiniswe kancane ziyondliwa isixazululo esibuthakathaka: engeza amaconsi ama-2-3 kumalitha ayi-4 amanzi.
- NgoJuni, ngesikhathi sokulungiselela okusebenzayo kwezimbali, utamatisi uyondliwa Isixazululo se-iodine yobisi (iresiphi ichazwe ngezansi).
- Ukuqinisa imifino ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthela, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezimpande kusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwamatamatisi: amathonsi ayi-10 wesisombululo se-iodine esiphuzayo afakwa ebhakedeni elilodwa lamanzi.
- Ngesikhathi sokusetha izithelo, izihlahla zivundiswa ngesisombululo esisuselwe kuso umlotha ne-boric acid... Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuniselwa empandeni yesitshalo.
Sicela wazi ukuthi ukuchelela kokuqala kunganwetshwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi izithombo zifinyelele ezinsukwini eziyishumi ubudala.
Uyini isici sokusebenzisa ku-greenhouse nasemhlabathini ovulekile
Uma inhloso yokwengeza iodine ayondli kuphela utamatisi, kepha futhi ukwelashwa kokulimala sekwephuzile, ukucubungula kwenziwa ngendlela ekhethekile.
- Ukususa i-phytophthora nokuvimbela ukubukeka kwayo, izindonga ze-greenhouse zihlanzwa imfucumfucu.
- Ugeza izindawo ezihlanzekile 1% isisombululo se-manganese.
- I-greenhouse ifuthwa ngamalahle: ibhakede lensimbi limbozwe ngesikhumba, okuthelwa phezu kwalo amalahle ashisayo. Igumbi kufanele livalwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokukhwabanisa.
Ngaphambi kokucubungula ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile, ukulungiswa nakho akwenziwa.
Amakhambi abantu wokucubungula utamatisi
- 1 ingilazi u-garlic oqoshiwe ukulala ebhakedeni lamanzi bese ushiya ukugcizelela usuku. Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi, i-tincture iyahlungwa futhi i-2 g ye-potassium permanganate ingeziwe. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar kusetshenziselwa ukuqeda isikhunta.
- I-15 g yomlotha inyakaziswa ngamalitha ama-2 wamanzi abilayo futhi igcizelelwe usuku lonke. Bese uhlunga ingxube bese unisela izitshalo. Ukondla umlotha kuqeda ukungabi khona kwe-phosphorus.
- Ubulongwe bezinkukhu ihlanjululwe kabili ngamanzi, bese yehliselwa egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba izinsuku ezintathu. Ukugqoka okuphezulu okubilisiwe kuhlanjululwe 1:10 futhi kusetshenziswe empandeni.
Ungondla kanjani ukhukhamba nopelepele
Ukhukhamba uphakelwa ukuze ugcwalise ukunikezwa kwezakhi zomzimba futhi uvuselele imivimbo ethela izithelo: isiko lifafazwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngenhlanganisela yobisi.
Ukususa isikhutha se-powdery, isitshalo nomhlabathi oseduze kufuthwa ngesisombululo esisekelwe obisini nase-iodine: ama-350 ml obisi, amaconsi amane afakwa kumalitha amathathu amanzi.
Ku ukusheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo upelepele, imbewu imanziswe amahora angu-6 kusixazululo sendabuko esingu-0.1%. Ngemuva kwenqubo, imbewu ihluma ngokushesha, iphenduke izithombo eziqinile.
Lapho upelepele ukhipha amaqabunga amabili, izithombo ziyaniselwa ngomanyolo: ithonsi elilodwa le-5% le-iodine tincture lihlanjululwe ngamalitha amathathu amanzi.
Izindlela zokuqhuba
Ukufaka utamatisi, umthamo odingekayo wesixazululo osuselwa entweni yokwelapha uthelwa ngqo ngaphansi kwempande yesitshalo. Njengoba amaqabunga katamatisi ane-absorbency enhle, izitshalo kufuthwe ngengubo ephezulu kusuka ebhodleleni lokufafaza.
Ukunisela
Lapho isigaxa sobumba esiseduze nesitshalo soma kancane, utamatisi uthelwa ngamanzi ngokufaka amaconsi ambalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhwabanisa, imisebenzi emibili ixazululwa ngasikhathi sinye: izitshalo zimunca umswakama odingekayo kanye nama-microparticles awusizo.
Ukufafaza ngobisi
Inhlanganisela esuselwa ebisi iyisidakamizwa esihle kakhulu sesikhunta: amaqabunga ambozwe ifilimu enamanzi, ngenxa yokuthi amagciwane awakwazi ukulungisa ebusweni.
Ukulungisa isisombululo, amalitha amane amanzi ahlanganiswa nelitha elilodwa lobisi olusha namaconsi ayi-15 we-iodine tincture. Futha utamatisi ngenhlanganisela evelayo esimeni sezulu esinamafu esomile.
Ukufafaza nge-serum
Ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo sekwephuzile, izithombo zikatamatisi zifuthwa ngenhlanganisela enjalo: ilitha elilodwa le-serum, amaconsi angama-40 we-iodine tincture, ama-10 ml we-3% we-hydrogen peroxide ayengezwa kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi.
Ungafafaza izithombo ngokugqokiswa kwemfashini okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngenyanga. Ukugqoka amaqabunga ngokususelwa kwimikhiqizo yobisi enamanzi angaphambi kokuhlanjululwa kungasetshenziswa nsuku zonke.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-iodine nokuluhlaza okotshani
Ukufafaza izithombo ngamalungiselelo we-antiseptic kuhle kakhulu ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwesifo esisheshayo... Ukulungiselela amalitha ayi-10 wamanzi engeza u-10 ml we-iodine noma amaconsi angama-40 aluhlaza okotshani. Ingxube evelayo isetshenziswa ngendlela yezimpande nokudla kwamahlamvu.
Ukudla kwezimpande
Isikhathi sokuqala lapho izithombo zondliwa lapho ziphonsa ngaphandle amaqabunga amabili eqiniso... Ukupheka, thatha amalitha amathathu amanzi ahlanzekile bese uwafudumeza kancane, bese ufaka u-1 iconsi.
Kuyadumaza kakhulu ukukhulisa isilinganiso: izitshalo ezincane zizothola izakhamzimba ezanele kusuka kusixazululo esibuthakathaka.
Umanyolo ufakwa empandeni lapho inhlabathi esitsheni sesithombo yomile kancane.
I-iodine yesibili ingezwa, lapho isetshenziselwa utamatisi izithelo ziboshiwe... Ukufaka umanyolo kulesi sigaba, ukugxila kwesixazululo kuncishisiwe: amaconsi ama-3 e-iodine yezokwelapha aconsiselwa ebhakedeni elilodwa lamanzi afudumele. Ilitha eli-1 lesisombululo lengezwa empandeni yezinhlobo ezinde, amalitha ayi-0.7 ezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphansi.
Ngesikhathi sokugcina baphakela ngesikhathi sokuthela okusebenzayo... Ukugqoka okuphezulu kulungiswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Faka amalitha ama-3 omlotha esitsheni esinamalitha ama-5 wamanzi abilisiwe, uhlanganise isixazululo kahle bese ushiya ukufaka ihora.
- Isixazululo samanje sihlanjululwa ngamalitha ama-5 wamanzi afudumele.
- Ibhodlela le-iodine, i-10 g ye-boric acid yengezwa esitsheni futhi ukwakheka kwezakhi kuxutshwe kahle kuze kube ukufana okufanayo.
- Ingxube eqediwe ifakwa amahora angama-24, bese ihlanjululwa ngamandla ngamanzi: ilitha elilodwa lokugqoka okuphezulu lihlanjululwa ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi.
Umanyolo osuselwa kumlotha ne-iodine muhle kuqinisa amasosha omzimba utamatisi ezifweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-phytophthora, evame ukuthinta ukutshalwa kwetamatisi.
Foliar
Umanyolo awukwazi ukuthululwa kuphela ngaphansi kwempande, kepha ufuthwe ngaphezulu kwesihlahla. Utamatisi ufuthwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa esimweni sezulu esomile... Uma imvula iwela ngemuva kokufaka isicelo, utamatisi uphinde ufuthwe.
Sicela wazi ukuthi ukondla kufanele kuwele emaqabungeni. ngesimo senkunguhhayi ukufafaza, ngaphandle kwalokho ukufafaza kuzobe kungasebenzi.
Akunakwenzeka ukwandisa inani le-iodine elengeziwe ngenkathi kulungiswa ukugqoka okuphezulu - ukufafaza utamatisi ngesisombululo esigxile kakhulu kugcwele ukusha kwamaqabunga.
Ngenxa yokwethulwa njalo kwe-iodine, utamatisi ukhula uqine futhi ube nempilo: into leyo igcwalisa izitshalo ngezakhi zomzimba, ikhuphule ukumelana nezifo, futhi inyuse umkhiqizo.