I-Irga isihlahla samajikijolo esingathobeki kakhulu. Amajikijolo ayo ayaziswa ngezindawo zawo zokwelapha, acebile ngamavithamini. Usebenzisa lawa majikijolo onganqoba izifo eziningi, njenge: ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, imikhuhlane kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nezinye eziningi... Leli berry libhekwa njengesibindi eside, kungakhathalekile indawo nezimo ezikhulayo.
I-Irga isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa. Ngentwasahlobo, iqhakaza kahle kakhulu futhi inuka iphunga kuyo yonke insimu. I-inflorescence yayo emhlophe iyisithiyo sezinyosi, yingakho ngokuzayo ipholile kahle futhi ithela izithelo. Futhi ukuthola isitshalo esinempilo nokuvuna okuhle, udinga ukunakekelwa okufanele, ukuqala ngokutshala.
Kukusiphi isikhathi lapho kudingeka ukutshala i-irga
Lapho ukhetha usuku lokutshala, abalimi badinga ukubheka isimo sezulu, nezimo zezwe.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala izithombo enkabeni yeRussia ekwindla... Ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa lokuqala, izithombo ezitshalwe kusuka maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, zikwazi ukugxila futhi zithole amandla ebusika.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neRussia, ukutshalwa kwe-irgi kufanele kuhlehliselwe entwasahlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yamakhaza okuqala ekwindla. Futhi entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi iqala ukuncibilika kancane, ungatshala izihlahla ezisenkathini elele kakhulu. Ngokunyuka kwelanga nezinsuku ezifudumele, i-irga iqala ukuncibilika efihlekile, ngaphandle kwengozi yokubandayo.
Kuyadingeka ukubala ngangokunokwenzeka ngasiphi isikhathi lapho uzotshala khona izithombo zezithelo, ucabangele zonke izimo zesimo sezulu kanye nesifunda sokukhula. Uma utshalwe sekwephuzile ekwindla, lesi sitshalo sizovele simiswe iqhwa. Akufanele futhi itshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngenxa yesithwathwa esiqhubekayo.
Isimo esibalulekile sokuthola isivuno esiphezulu esitshalweni ukuhambisana nezinsuku ezifanele zokutshala. Uma lesi sikhathi sokutshala ekwindla singabanjwanga, kepha izithombo zikulungele ukutshalwa, zingagcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo zisebenzisa enye yezindlela ezihlongozwe ngezansi:
- Tshala esitsheni esigcwele isihlabathi noma sawdust, futhi ugcine endaweni emnyama epholile. Kungcono uma kungaphansi noma emiphongolweni;
- Bamba inhlabathi, ngenkathi utshekisa izithombo nge-engela yama-degree angama-45 ukusuka enhlabathini bese umboza ngeqhwa ebusika;
- Futhi indlela yokugcina bopha esikhwameni bese ufaka endaweni yensimu lapho kuvela khona i-snowdrift enkulu ebusika.
Ngisiphi isikhathi esihle sokulima - entwasahlobo noma ekwindla?
Ngokweseluleko sochwepheshe, isikhathi esihle sokutshala noma ukufakelwa kabusha kwazo zonke izitshalo zezithelo kanye namajikijolo ekwindla. Uma imigomo nemithetho yokutshala ekwindla ihlangatshezwa, kusetshenziswa okungcono kakhulu kokutshala, isitshalo sakho sizomila kalula.
Izinzuzo zokutshala izihlahla ekwindla:
- Ukutshala ekwindla kuyinkinga kancane, ngoba ukuchelela njalo nokukhulelwa akudingeki. Ekwindla isikhathi somswakama omningi;
- Kuyafaneleka kakhulu futhi kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthenga izithombo ekwindla, okungukuthi, ngalesi sikhathi kunokhetho olukhulu lwezinto zokutshala. Amaqabunga okugcina asezimbewini, kunohlelo lwempande olwenziwe kahle, ongakhetha kulo isitshalo esinempilo. Futhi, abanye abathengisi bangakhombisa izithelo ezivuthiwe zalesi sitshalo;
- Ukutshala isitshalo ekwindla ugcine isikhathi somlimi entwasahlobo, ngenxa yokuthi uzokwazi ukwenza omunye umsebenzi wensimu;
- Lesi sitshalo sizothatha umonakalo omncane, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi kuqala isikhathi sokuphumula.
Kepha kukhona nokubi lapho utshala ekwindla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ubusika obubanda kakhulu, ngokubandayo okujulile komhlaba, okungalimaza uhlelo lwempande lwesithombo;
- Ebusika, ngokuvamile izihlahla ivezwe ekuhlaselweni amagundane;
- Inkinga enkulu etshalwe izihlahla ingadala imimoya enamandla, uqweqwe lweqhwa olwakhiwe olunolaka, inani elincane noma elikhulu lokuwa kweqhwa;
Imithetho ebalulekile yokugibela, ukukhethwa kwezihlalo
Uma unesakhiwo sengadi, lapho-ke lapho utshala i-irgi, okokuqala kunesidingo sokunquma indawo... Isihlahla se-irgi sikhula ngokuqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi sithatha indawo enkulu ngokwanele engadini, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyitshala ukuze ingaphazamisi ezinye izitshalo zezithelo namaberry engadini yakho. Futhi, i-irgi inokukhula okuchichimayo, okungathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungcolise isiza sakho kubangele nokuphazamiseka. Kungcono ukutshala i-irga kwenye indawo ekhoneni lensimu. Isilinganiso sebanga ukusuka kwezinye izihlahla kusuka kumamitha amabili kuya kwangu-5.
Udinga futhi ukucabanga ngezinhlobo zomhlabathi isitshalo sakho esizokhula kuwo. Yize i-irga ingathobeki ezinhlotsheni zenhlabathi, noma kunjalo, ayithandi indawo eseduze yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lujula ngamamitha ayi-3-4 futhi luzohlala luxhumana nomswakama. Lokhu kungaholela ekubola kwezimpande. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukutshala enhlabathini elula, evundile. Inhlabathi enjalo ineqhaza ekwakhekeni okungenani kwezimpande.
Lapho utshala i-irgi, ukukhanya kwesayithi kubalulekile, uthanda umthunzi oyingxenye kakhulu... Ngokufiphaza okuqinile, isitshalo sizolula ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokukhula, amajikijolo azoba mancane futhi angabi mnandi. Zingabhidlika zingavuthwanga.
Ungasitshala kanjani isihlahlana
I-Irga izala ngokuphelele ngezimbewu nangembewu yezimpande. Okokuqala udinga ukulungiselela kahle isithombo sokutshala. Kungcono ukhethe unyaka owodwa noma emibili ubudala... Udinga nokuthi ukhethe amahlathi aphilile kakhulu, angalimali yizinambuzane futhi angaqhekeki. Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-irgi zibhekwa njengezibalulekile lapho kukhethwa isithombo. Lapho utshala izitshalo eziningana, cabanga ibanga eliphakathi kwazo kuze kufike kumamitha amabili.
Sesivele sishilo ukuthi ukukhetha indawo nomhlabathi kuncike ekukhanyeni, ekubeni khona kwenhlabathi evundile, kanye nenani lesikhala esizungeze isihlahla.
Ungaqala kuphi ukutshala nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo
Kuyadingeka ukumba umgodi cishe ngamabheonethi amabili wefosholo ujule ungene, futhi ube ngamasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-60 ububanzi. Thela ngokucophelela umhlaba eceleni. Amanzi angabekwa ezansi kwefossa (izitini eziphukile, amatshe amancane, isileti esiphukile) ukuze umswakama ungami enhlabathini. Ungangeza isihlabathi, inhlabathi emnyama emgodini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthele umhlaba omncane ngesimo se-tubercle ngaphansi komgodi, ukuze kube lula ukubeka isithombo sethu kuwo. Sibeka i-irga kulesi sigubhu bese siqondisa izimpande ngaso. Okulandelayo, simboza ngomhlaba, kepha ukuze singangcwabi indawo lapho isiqu sidlulela ohlelweni lwempande. Inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo esitshaliwe kufanele inyathelwe futhi iniselwe kakhulu.
Abalimi abaningi bayeluleka, ngemuva kokutshala, ukuthena amahlumela kuya ku-15 cmukuze kuhlala amahlumela ambalwa emagatsheni.
Sesivele sishilo ukuthi i-irga iyisihlahlana esingathobeki. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okuphawulekayo. Into esemqoka ukunisela njengoba ikhoma lobumba loma lizungeze isihlahla futhi lifaka umanyolo. Isetshenziswa njengomanyolo i-humus, umanyolo we-potash, i-superphosphate kanye nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokondla isitshalo ngamanyolo, khumbula ukuthi awukwazi ukufaka umanyolo ngaphansi kwesiqu nempande uqobo. Kuyadingeka ukumba umanyolo uhhafu wemitha kusuka ehlathini, ngoba izimpande zesitshalo zikhulu futhi ziyakwazi ukuthola umanyolo noma ukude kangako. Udinga ukunisela ngesifutho, ungatheleli umfudlana owodwa ngaphansi kwempande, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa.
Ukuthena
Isihlahla se-irgi sivame ukukhula siqine, ngakho-ke siyathenwa. Kunconywa ukuthi ukuthena kwenziwe entwasahlobo, lapho ukugeleza kwe-irgi sap kungakaqali... Sika amahlumela omuthi owomile noma angakhuli kahle. Iziqu ezimbalwa zisuswa minyaka yonke, zishiya amahlumela amancane endaweni yazo. Futhi, iziqongo zamagatsha zigawulwa ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukuze wakhe isihlahla sesimo esifanele, futhi ukuze kungabikho ukuqina okweqile. Babuye basika amahlumela asemaceleni ukuze angalimazi ezinye izihlahla zezithelo esizeni.
Ukuthena kwenza i-irgi bush ihehe futhi kuphinde kuthuthukise ukuthela kangcono.
Ngemuva kokunquma amagatsha namahlumela, kubalulekile ukuvala ukusikeka... Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-varnish yensimu noma upende kuzithako zemvelo. Sika amagatsha omile namaqabunga awile kufanele asuswe ngaphansi kwesihlahla, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvikela isitshalo ezinambuzaneni ezingaqala emaqabungeni amadala.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha nokufakelwa kabusha
I-Irgu ingasakazwa ngezindlela eziningana:
- Imbewu;
- Amahlumela empande;
- Ukuxhunyelelwa;
- Ukusika;
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla sesibeletho.
Imbewu
Lapho usabalalisa imbewu, udinga ukukhetha amajikijolo avuthiwe kakhulu, angalimele. Khipha imbewu. Zihlanganise nesihlabathi, ngoba zincane kakhulu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekwindla emibhedeni elungiselelwe... Kubalulekile ukuthi imbewu iboshwe, okusho ukuthi, iqine kakhulu. Futhi ungahlwanyela imbewu esitsheni sesihlabathi futhi uhlukanise egumbini elingaphansi elimnyama, umanzise isihlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Entwasahlobo, izithombo ezinjalo zitshalwa emhlabathini.
Umsuka amahlumela
Njengoba i-irga ikhiqiza inani elikhulu lama-sucker ezimpande eziseceleni, le ndlela ivame kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bezimfundamakhwela. Indodana yokutholwa yehliswa ngokucophelela ohlangothini lwesihlahla sikamama ukuze kusikwe impande exhuma isihlahla esikhulu nenzalo... Okulandelayo, sidlulisela isithombo endaweni entsha yokutshala bese siyigqiba emgodini owawulungisiwe ngaphambili.
Hlanganisa
Ukugoma kungenye yezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokuzalanisa. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngabalimi abanolwazi. Ukugoma kungenziwa entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuthi ukugeleza kobisi sekuqalile... I-Rowan ifaneleka kakhulu esitokisini.
Izithelo
Kokusikwa, amahlumela amancane asikwa, cishe ama-20 cm. Ama-cuttings amancane asikwa emaqabungeni, kodwa ama-pair aphezulu asele... Kuyadingeka ukuthi ubambe impahla enjalo yokutshala isikhashana esixazululweni sokuvuselela ukukhula. Ngemuva kwalokho sibangcwaba esihlabathini kuze kufike kumasentimitha ayi-10. Mboza ngefilimu. Kubalulekile ukuthi isihlabathi singomi; kwesinye isikhathi sivula ifilimu ukuze isakaze. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-cuttings athathe izimpande, kufanele afakwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla esikhulu, ungathola izitshalo ezimbalwa ezenziwe ngomumo, nezimpande ezinhle. Ukufakelwa okunjalo kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela, noma ekwindla, lapho amahlamvu ewa.... Ngokuyinhloko, le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho udinga ukufaka kabusha isihlahla usuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye.
Isiphetho
I-Irga itholakala cishe kuzo zonke izingadi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo asihlonipheki lapho silima, sinakekela futhi sizala kabusha. Ngokuya ngemithetho yonke yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo, bonke abalimi bathola isivuno esiphezulu salesi sithelo.okuletha izinzuzo eziningi empilweni yomuntu.