Ukukhulisa isivuno esihle sezitshalo zezolimo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ugcwalise njalo inhlabathi ngezinqolobane zezakhi zomzimba, okunikeza kanye nokuvuna. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungqimba oluphezulu oluvundile luzophela. Ukuthatha okuthile, kufanele uqale unikeze okuthile. Kulokhu, ukuvuna okungapheli ngaphandle kokugcwalisa umhlabathi ngezinto kuyisimo sokucabanga nokungaphathwa kahle kumhlengikazi wethu womhlaba.
Kokubili umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nemvelo ungasetshenziswa emhlabathini. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngendlela ebanzi. Kodwa-ke, umanyolo wamaminerali uyabiza. Njengendlela yokuphuma, ungasebenzisa okungokwemvelo okulungiselelwe ngendlela ethile. Izakhi zomzimba yizindle zezilwane - umquba kanye nesibande sezinkukhu. Uma ugcina izinkukhu, amahansi, amadada, ama-turkeys egcekeni lakho noma ezweni, ngeke uthole umanyolo ongcono kunodoti ovela kulezinkukhu wokudla kwezitshalo.
Inhlanganisela yobulembu bezinkukhu
Izakhi eziyinhloko zomquba wenkukhu yilezi:
- izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen;
- i-phosphorus;
- i-potassium;
- i-calcium;
- ama-macro- nama-microelements ahlukahlukene;
- eluhlaza;
- i-phosphoric acid;
- i-magnesium;
- isibabule;
- i-potassium oxide;
- izinhlanganisela eziphilayo;
- ezinye izinto.
Umquba wenkukhu uqukethe i-phosphorus ephindwe kaningi kunobulongwe benkomo, ekubunjweni kwayo kune-nitrogen efinyelela ku-2%, okuyizikhathi eziphindwe kathathu noma kane ngaphezu kukamanyolo ongaphezulu ongenhla. Amakhemikhali e-Ammonia akuyo agxile kakhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukwethula le nto ephilayo emhlabathini ngendlela yayo emsulwa ngqo ukuze uthole izondlo zokudla.
Ungaqoqa kanjani futhi ugcine
Ngenxa yokuthi umquba wenkukhu uqukethe inani elikhulu lamagesi (i-methane, i-ammonia), kunezindlela ezikhethekile zokuwulungiselela, ukuwugcina kanye nokuwufaka enhlabathini.
Imvamisa, umquba wenkukhu uqoqwa ehhokweni kanye nenani elincane lokulala (utshani). Uma izinkukhu zigcinwa ukuze zihambe ekhejini elinomoya ovulekile, khona-ke ungazibamba kanye noqweqwe oluncane lomhlaba. Asenzi ukuhlanza okukhethekile. Izindlela zokugcina ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Inqwaba ngobuningi;
- Izinqwaba zomquba noma imigodi;
- Yomile ama-granules noma i-powder.
Indlela yokuqala yokugcina ilula kakhulu, ezivamile, kepha kunikeza umphumela omncane. Ngale ndlela, lapho uhlanza ihhoko lezinkukhu, ubulongwe bezinkukhu buvele benziwe inqwaba bugoqwe ekhoneni lensimu noma engadini. Esimweni esihle kakhulu, vala ngefilimu ize ingeniswe enhlabathini. Ububi obukhulu: udoti woma ngokushesha, kwakhe izigaxa nezendlalelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokomisa, ilahlekelwa yi-nitrogen eningi ngohlobo lwe-ammonia.
Indlela eyamukelekayo futhi enengqondo yokugcina ubulongwe ekhaya yile ukulungisa izinqwaba zomquba noma imigodi... Lokhu kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: ungqimba oluncane lukadoti (10-15 cm) lusatshalaliswa embhedeni wotshani obukhulu obungu-15-20 cm. Okulandelayo, sishintsha izingqimba kulokho okuseduze. Lokhu kungaba yipeat, inhlabathi, ubulongwe benkomo, utshani futhi, njll. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngesimo senqwaba noma kusongwe kube umgodi, embozwe ngobuso bakhe ngefilimu ngaphezulu ukuthuthukisa izinqubo ze-anaerobic nokukhulisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwenqwaba noma umgodi. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu noma ezine, ungabheka okuqukethwe. Uma umquba ulungile, uyangezwa ngezilinganiso ezithile, okuzoxoxwa ngazo ngezansi. Ukusheshisa ukuvutshelwa nokusebenza ungasebenzisa amalungiselelo e-EM aqukethe amabhaktheriya ngendlela egxilile.
Indlela yesithathu yokugcina ubulongwe (ama-granules owomile noma i-powder) isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimeni zefektri. Omisiwe ezingeni lokushisa elicishe libe ngama-600 ° C, ubulembu bukhululwa ezigulini nasembewini yokhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxube eyomile ayinalo iphunga elithile. Ungathenga umanyolo owenziwe ngale ndlela ezitolo. Ukupakisha okulula - kusuka kumakhulu amaningana amagremu kuya kumashumi amaningana amakhilogremu.
Yiziphi izitshalo ezilungele
Inyama yenkukhu Udoti njengomanyolo ulungele cishe zonke izitshalo: okusanhlamvu, imifino, amajikijolo, izihlahla zezithelo. Okuhlukile ngu-anyanisi, ugarlikhi, namanye amakhambi ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Ngemifino, iklabishi, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, ama-eggplants aphendula kahle ngokuwa. Izihlahla zejikijolo nezithelo azikho okuhlukile emiphumeleni emihle yokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Itafula lesilinganiso sokufakwa komanyolo kwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, t / ha
Igama lesiko | udoti | |||
yomile | okombhede | umswakama wemvelo | kusuka ezinqwabeni zomquba noma emigodini | |
okusanhlamvu | 3-4 | 8-12 | 7-9 | 18-22 |
amazambane | 3-4 | 9-13 | 8-10 | 20-24 |
Izitshalo zezimpande | 5-6 | 12-16 | 9-12 | 25-30 |
izitshalo zemifino | 6-8 | 20-25 | 12-17 | 30-40 |
ijikijolo | 8-10 | 20-25 | 17-20 | 40-50 |
izithelo | 10-12 | 25-30 | 20-25 | 45-55 |
Izinga lokusetshenziswa lingahluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-50% kuye ngesiko, isigaba sokukhula kwezitshalo.
Ukusetshenziswa komquba wenkukhu ngamagundane, ukuthi ungazala kanjani
Ukufaka ubulembu obomile emishinini, qala uyihlanze kunoma yisiphi isitsha esinamanzi (umgqomo, ibhakede). Inani ligcinwa ngo-1: 25, ngaphandle kwalapho kuchazwe ngenye indlela kwiphakheji lapho uthenga umanyolo. Qinisekisa ukuphikelela amahora angu-50-70. Izihlahla zezithelo zivundiswa ngeziqu. Imifino iyaniselwa ngqo phezu kwemibhede. Kunconywa ukuthi ugeze amaqabunga ezitshalo uma isixazululo singena kuzo. Amanani wohlelo lokusebenza akhonjisiwe kuthebula elingenhla. Nisela ngalesi sixazululo amahlandla ama-2 noma ama-3 ngesizini ngayinye.
Uma ungabaza ukuthi yiliphi izinga likamanyolo ongafaka kulo isivuno esithile, kungcono ukunikeza isitshalo ngaphansi kokuningi. Esimweni sokuqala, lesi simo singalungiswa ngenxa yokuvama kokufakwa kwesicelo, kuthi kwesibili isitshalo sife.
Ungawusebenzisa kanjani umquba wezinkukhu owomile njengomanyolo
Umquba owomile ungasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Uma yinhle kakhulu noma i-powdery, kungaba njalo chitha emhlabathini ekwindla ngasekupheleni kobusika ngokulinganisela (cishe isikhathi esisodwa nohhafu kuya kokuphindwe kabili kunalokho obekudingeka ekukhuleni kwezitshalo). Kuleli fomu, indle eyomile ingasetshenziswa nasemigodini yemifino, izihlahlana noma izihlahla. Izinga lokusetshenziswa likhonjisiwe kuthebula.
- Zalisa ngesisombululo. Njengasendabeni yokusebenzisa ama-granules, iqale ihlanjululwe kunoma yisiphi isitsha esinamanzi. Inani ligcinwa ngo-1: 25, ngaphandle kwalapho kubhalwe ngenye indlela kwiphakheji. Phikelela izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
Uwusebenzisa kanjani umquba kadoti ovela ezinqwabeni zomquba
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umanyolo ogcinwe ngale ndlela engenhla, udinga thela izitsha... Ibhakede alifanele le njongo. Udinga ukuthatha umkhumbi onomthamo wamalitha angama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Ubulongwe bakadoti kufanele kuthathe isikhathi eside ukubila. Lokhu kuzothatha isikhathi esithe xaxa. Udoti womquba ucishe ukulungele ukusetshenziswa. Kwanele ukugcizelela emanzini amahora amaningana.
Ungafaka futhi isicelo inqubo yokukusabalalisa ngaphezulu kwesiza... Lokhu kwenziwa ekwindla ngemuva kokuvuna zonke izitshalo. Ngentwasahlobo, ngamanzi ancibilikile, inqwaba yezakhi izongena emhlabathini. Isisindo esiqinile esisele sizosebenza njengendlela enhle kakhulu yokwakha inhlabathi uqobo.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ukusetshenziswa komquba wenkukhu lapho kutshalwa izilimo sekune isenzo esihle:
- Esakhiweni nasezakhiweni zenhlabathi: yimpuphu yokubhaka enhle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kugcwalisa ungqimba oluvundile ngezakhamzimba ze-microflora nezitshalo. Ngenxa yokwethulwa kodoti emhlabathini, izinqubo ze-aerobic ne-anaerobic ziyathuthukiswa;
- Ezitshalweni ngokwazo: bathatha izakhamzimba ezengeziwe ngendlela etholakalayo ukuzakhela uhlaza, izilimo eziyizigaxa noma izithelo (kuya ngesiko);
- Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo: sithola isivuno sangaphambilini;
- Ngokuya kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa njengomanyolo ofakwe emhlabathini iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu;
- Vuliwe Ukubuyiselwa kwe-pH yesilinganiso inhlabathi;
- Ekukhuphukeni ukumelana nezifo zezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umquba wezinkukhu ushibhile kunamanyolo wamaminerali. Ngakho-ke, ngokwengxenye, kungazifaka esikhundleni sazo.
Noma kunjalo, le nto ine ethile ethile... Njengoba umquba osesilinganisweni uqukethe izinto eziningi, ukweqa kwawo emhlabathini kuthinta kabi ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo, kuze kube sekufeni kwazo. Ngakho-ke kakhulu kubalulekile ukungadli ngokweqile imifino, amajikijolo nezinye izitshalo.
Njenganoma iyiphi into, kungaba umuthi nobuthi. Okufanayo kusebenza kumquba wenkukhu njengomanyolo.
Imvelo uqobo isinikeza izindlela nezindlela zokuyinakekela. Akudingekile ukusebenzisa i- "chemistry", ukusungula izinto eziguqulwe zofuzo empilweni yethu nasekuthuthukeni kwethu. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa okunengqondo ingcebo ekhona, ungakhohlwa ngokugcwaliswa kwabo ngokuzala kabusha.