Ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva ngugandaganda osayizi omncane ongenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwemishini emincane yomlimi egcekeni lasemuva, ekotishi lasehlobo noma egcekeni lepulazi. Amadivayisi ayo anquma ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza, asetshenziselwa ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukutshala amazambane nemifino, ukuthutha izimpahla, ukugquma. Isici esibalulekile ekwelulekeni kokuthenga ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva usayizi wendawo ezocutshungulwa.
Ungatshala kanjani amazambane ngaphansi kukogandaganda ohamba ngemuva
Kunezindlela ze-agronomic zokutshala amazambane wethu esiwathandayo, futhi zinzima kakhulu. Lesi siko inezimpande ezibuthakathaka, ngakho-ke isimo somhlabathi kufanele sihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile:
- isakhiwo
- ukuzala
- ukungena kwamanzi
- imfudumalo eyanele
Izinsiza zokulima insimu
Okokuqala udinga ukulinganisa indawo, ukulima, ukukhulula.
Ngalezi zinhloso, amadivayisi ahamba ngezimoto asetshenziswa ngesimo sogandaganda ohamba ngemuva, umlimi esithuthini noma kugandaganda omncane. Abantu basungule ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva - imishini efaneleke kakhulu, ebiza kakhulu yokutshala amazambane.
Isithunzi umlimi ukusebenzisa lokho umsiki wokulima inhlabathi ilungisiwe, imibhede iyanqunywa ukuhlwanyela futhi kulinywe phakathi kwemigqa kwenziwa kuze kuvunwe izitshalo zezimpande.
Ogandaganda abancane esetshenziswa emapulazini amancane okulima, ukuthutha izimpahla, ukuhlanza izindawo. Yonke imishini emincane ixazulula imibuzo efanayo: ukuthi ingabasiza kanjani abasebenzi bezolimo.
Imishini ehanjisiwe
Izinamathiseli ezilandelwe zenzelwe ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva: ama-hiller, amageja, isitshali samazambane. Abasenzi bengadi bakhetha ukuba nedivayisi ene-hiller epulazini, okuzinikela ekuzilungiseleni ububanzi bokusebenza ngokwabo.
Lapho ubukhulu besakhiwo nezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane kuyabhekwa.
Ukuhlala ngaphansi kwegeja
Kuyinto elula ukuthi abantu ababili batshale amazambane ngaphansi kwegeja. Umuntu oyedwa usebenzisa le ndlela, kuthi owesibili afake izilimo eziyizigaxa emseleni.
Ukudlula kolunye uhlangothi kuhambisana nokuvalwa kwemisele ngenhlabathi. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kaningi, futhi lapha asikho isidingo sokumaka indawo yokuhlwanyela kusengaphambili.
Ukusebenza nge-disc hiller
Ukutshala kwenziwa nge-hiller yediski. Le divayisi iyisinamathiselo sedivayisi ye-motoblock ngesimo sefreyimu ekhethekile okulengiswa kuyo amadiski ensimbi engela kubuso bomhlaba.
UHiller ayigcini ngokusika iziqongo zokutshala, kepha futhi ikhulula inhlabathi.
Umtshali wamazambane
Ukutshala nge-planter yamazambane kuhlukile ezindleleni ezishiwo ngaphambilini kulokho kumakwa, ukusakazwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngesandla akudingeki. Le nqubo yenziwe ngemishini ngokuphelele.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesitshali samazambane kungakuhle ezindaweni ezinkulu... Kepha ukwakheka okuthile kwemishini kudinga ukukhetha okungeziwe ngokucophelela kwezinto zembewu ngosayizi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hiller enemigqa emibili
Amanye amadivayisi ayasetshenziswa, isibonelo, i-hiller enemigqa emibili. Kubukeka sengathi umsebenzi kufanele uhlukaniswe ngesigamu ngesikhathi. Kepha kunezici zokutshala amazambane ngogandaganda ohamba ngemuva one-hiller enemigqa emibili.
Ngalobu buchwepheshe, amakama amabili ngasikhathi sinye... Ukulawula yomibili imiqansa ngasikhathi sinye kunzima, ngakho abantu bazama ukwenza inqubo yokutshala ibe lula.
I-Motoblock Neva
Ukukhiqizwa kwemishini emincane yamapulazi eRussian Federation kanye namazwe ase-USSR yakuqala kwaqala kudala. Umholi kule ndawo yibhizinisi leKrasny Oktyabr - Neva.
Abaqambi basebenze iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, amamodeli amasha ayenziwa kahle, izindlela zokuxhumeka ziyathuthukiswa. Njengomphumela wemisebenzi yokwakha esebenzayo, i-unit ivele ngokudlala imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokulima.
Khonzani
I-motoblock yesibili ethandwa kakhulu "Shayela" 6.5 HP... Ukutshala amazambane, ngaphezu kweyunithi, udinga ukuba negeja elengeziwe, i-hiller, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ithuluzi lokunamathela emhlabathini.
Ukutshala amazambane ngogandaganda ohamba ngezinyawo weSalyut ngokuyisisekelo kubukeka kanjena: indlela ihamba ohlangothini olulodwa futhi usika umgodi yokutshala imbewu, iyunithi efanayo iya emuva futhi uvala umsele ngenhlabathi.
Ukucaca kogandaganda ohamba ngemuva kuvezwa ekukhetheni kokunamathiselwe okufanelekile.
MTZ
I-Motoblocks MTZ yeza kithi ivela eSoviet Minsk Tractor Plant, zithandwa namanje, zifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu baseRussia.
Umshini wezolimo osayizi omncane ngu Amatebhe amaningi futhi enza izinto ezihlukahlukene... Ufeza kahle umsebenzi wawo.
Imodeli inezinkinga:
- kunezinkinga ngokushintshwa kwegiya;
- kudinga umthwalo wamandla omzimba lapho ushintsha umehluko.
Isikhulu ngasinye sebhizinisi sizitholela imishini ngokwaso ngokubheka izindleko nokusebenza kahle. Izidingo zemikhuba ye-agronomic aziguquki.
Inqubo yokusebenza
Ungalima kanjani ngogandaganda ohamba ngemuva kwamazambane? Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle samazambane, udinga ukulandela imithetho yokutshala inhlabathi, ukunakekela izitshalo, kufaka phakathi ukutshalwa kwemigqa ephakathi, nokuvuna ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yamazambane
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokunqoba emzabalazweni wokuvunwa kwezitshalo zezimpande ukulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala amazambane ngogandaganda ohamba ngemuva. Ukuqala umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo engadini, udinga thola indawo yamazambane.
Kuze kube manje, udinga ukuthola indawo eyomile ene-sandy loam... Ukuxega kwenhlabathi kunconywa esimweni sezulu esomile. Isendlalelo senhlabathi akufanele siphendulwe ngesikhathi sokukhululeka kwentwasahlobo.
Inqubo yokulima incike ngokuphelele ohlotsheni lomhlabathi.
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kunqunywa kalula:
- inani elincane lomhlaba liyathathwa lifakwe emanzini;
- ibhola ligingqika phansi lisuke kulomhlabathi, ibhola ngeke liphume enhlabathini eyisihlabathi;
- umucu ukhishwa ebholeni, uma ungaphumelelanga - inhlabathi iyi-loam sandy;
- umphumela uba umucu - umhlabathi ovulekile noma obumba.
Ukushumeka ukujula
Iningi elifanele amazambane uhlobo lwesihlabathi, olunesihlabathi esijiyile... Umnikazi uzinqumela yena ukuthi uzotshala kangakanani amazambane ngogandaganda ohamba ngemuva.
Inhlabathi enesihlabathi eline-sandy ekhanyayo nenhlabathi ingene ngokwanele emoyeni, ngakho-ke amaphethelo awakwazi ukusikwa, kepha atshalwe emiseleni. Ukujula kokutshala kuncike empahleni yomhlaba bese inani elilungile lingu 12 cm.
Kubhekwa kanjani ukulungela
Ukulungiselela ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva emsebenzini ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- qinisekisa uphethiloli nowoyela level ohlelweni, uma kunesidingo, engeza kunani elidingekayo;
- qiniseka ukuthi izigaxa ze-wheel drive zivuliwe;
- vula i-valve yokuphakela uphethiloli;
- thuthela iswishi yokushisela endaweni ethi "Vuliwe";
- khipha intambo yokuqala bese uyidonsa ngokuqinile kuze kuqale injini.
Inqubo yokusebenza
Inqubo yokutshala ifaka phakathi lonke uhla lwezenzo kusukela kulungiswa imishini nembewu kuze kuphothulwe i-pore yokutshala. Izindlela zobuchwepheshe zithuthuka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, noma kuya ngezimo zezulu.
Ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, abalimi benza lo mzuzu ukukhetha kokuhlwanyela kwangaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukutshalwa kwezimbali kanye nokuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa... Ngokutshala khetha izilimo eziyizigaxa ngobuningi 35-50 g... Amahlumela angcwatshwa emhlabathini lapho eminyene futhi eluhlaza.
Ukucubungula ngemuva kokuhluma
Ngemuva kokuhluma, amazambane ayelashwa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuhluma, kwandise umkhiqizo, ukuvimbela ukubulala amagciwane ekuhlaselweni yisifo sekwephuzile, izifo nezinambuzane.
Ukusika imisele
Imbewu yalungiswa, imishini yokulima umhlaba yayisimi ngomumo, kuphakama umbuzo osesikhathini wokuthi ungasikwa kanjani imisele yamazambane ngogandaganda ohamba ngemuva. Izinhlobo zaphakathi nesizini kanye namazambane sekwephuzile zitshalwa zilandelana ebangeni elifinyelela ku-35 cm, futhi isikhala semigqa sigcinwa ngama-60 cm. Ibanga lokusika phakathi kwemigqa yezinhlobo zakuqala ligcinwa lingama-50 cm.
Ukusika imibhede
Abantu basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngokuya ngezimo zabo ezithile. Ngosizo logandaganda ohamba ngemuva, imisele noma imibhede iyanqunywa. Kukhona impendulo yesicelo sendlela yokusika imibhede yamazambane ngogandaganda ohamba ngemuva.
Umbhede wokuqala kufanele wenziwe ncamashi kumbusi... Emugqeni olandelayo behlisa isondo ukulandela umzila womugqa owedlule... Konke kuhamba kahle uma ufaka izintambo zokwengeza kumasondo enjoloba, unamathisele i-hiller enemigqa emibili, usethe imimese kahle enkabeni.
Indima yegeja
Liyini igeja lokutshala amazambane ngogandaganda ohamba ngemuva isivinini. Sika imisele, ubeke amazambane, ubuyele emuva, futhi ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva uvala umgodi. Umsele olandelayo wenziwa buqamama cishe u-70 cm.
Igeja lokuzenzela
Abalimi abanesipiliyoni benza kalula igeja lokuzenzela lokutshala amazambane ngogandaganda ohamba ngemuva. Baqonda intengo yomkhiqizo ngezandla zabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imingcele ebalwe ngokukhaliphile lula umsebenzi, igeja aliphuli emseleni. Igeja lilawulwa ngesikhathi somsebenzi futhi linikeza izinzuzo zalo.
Igeja elenziwa ekhaya lihlanganiswe nokunye okunamathiselwe.
Umlimi wezimoto
Ukutshala amazambane ngomlimi wezimoto nakho kuyenziwa. Ifakelwe u-gearbox nokukhulisa abasiki, ngokungafani nogandaganda ohamba ngemuva, onamasondo.
Ngezindleko, le yunithi ibiza eshibhile... Ukulinywa kwamazambane kufaka ukusetshenziswa kwegeja.
Iphethini yokuhlwanyela elungile
Ngemuva kokutshala nokuhluma, ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuyaqhubeka. Ukucutshungulwa kwamazambane phakathi kwemigqa kuhlinzeka ngokucocekile ukuxegisa umhlabathi ukuzungeza isivuno somugqa. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngesandla, kepha kuyinqubo eyisicefe futhi ende.
Ukucubungula ngogandaganda omncane kusheshisa inqubo, konga amandla womuntu. Okunamathiselwe kwenza umsebenzi kahle futhi ngokushesha. Kusetshenziswa ama-Hiller lapha.
Yile ndlela isikimu sokutshala amazambane ngogandaganda ohamba ngemuva sibukeka ngayo - Amasentimitha angama-35 phakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, amasentimitha angama-60 phakathi kwemigqa.
Izinzuzo ze-hiller
Izinzuzo ze-hiller zikukusebenziseka kwayo okuhlukahlukene:
- yakha imisele lapho utshala;
- kukhulula inhlabathi ngokufanele;
- izitshalo ze-spud.
Ukhula harrow
Ukhula ensimini lukhula eduze kwamazambane. Ngoba kususwa indawo kukhula sebenzisa imishini ekhethekile.
Ukhula nge-harrow kulula. Imithi ye-harrow inamathiselwe enetheni futhi ibheke phansi, inetha limisiwe ohlakeni. Izindlela zobuchwepheshe zidonsa lokhu kuhudula zigudle insimu, ngenkathi ihambisa ikhipha ukhula.
Sebenzisa iharrow lapho kuvela ukhula ngemuva kokulima ngaphambi kokuhluma.
Ngakho-ke, isivuno samazambane esilinyiwe, esithandwa ngabantu bonke, sidinga indlela ekhethekile yokuzimela. Ukulima kuhlotshaniswa nezindlela eziningi zezolimo. Abaqambi nabakhiqizi bemishini emincane benza izipho ezinhle kubasebenzi basemakhaya.