Ngobusuku bangaphambi kwenkathi yehlobo, umbuzo wokukhetha utamatisi onhlobonhlobo uvela ngaphambi kwabalimi. Njalo ngonyaka, imikhiqizo emisha ivela emakethe yembewu. Abaningi ngokwesiko bathenga imbewu efakazelwe, abanye bakhetha ukufuna izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Kuyasiza kubo ukunaka i-Tanya F1 eyi-hybrid yenkampani yaseDashi "Seminis Vegetable Seeds", incazelo kanye nezici ozozifunda kule ndatshana.
Izici nokuchazwa kohlobo lwetamatisi uTanya
I-hybrid engaphansi kwe-Tanya F1 yenzelwe ukutshalwa kwensimu evulekile kulo lonke elaseRussia; ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, ikhula kahle ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Isanda kufakwa kwiRejista Yombuso yeRussian Federation.
Lesi sitshalo singesomhlobo wokunquma onobude obungu-50-60 cm, kujwayelekile. Isihlahla esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okomnyama nesistimu yezimpande ezinamandla. Ibhulashi lokuqala livela ngaphezu kweqabunga lesikhombisa. Amabhulashi alandelayo azoboshelwa eshidini elilodwa noma amabili. Ibhulashi lakhiwa ngo-4-5 utamatisi oyindilinga wombala ogqamile obomvu ogcwele.
Isisindo sikatamatisi ojwayelekile sisuka ku-130 kuye ku-180 g. Uginindela unamandla, ukunambitheka okumnandi okumnandi. Utamatisi omncane ulungele ukusetshenziswa okusha nokuwafaka emathinini. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza ujusi wetamatisi nokunamathisela. Izinhlobonhlobo zinesikhathi esimaphakathi sokuvuthwa, ezinesikhathi sezinsuku ezingama-72-75. Ukukhiqiza kufika ku-3 kg ngehlahla ngalinye.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kungavunwa kufika ku-5.5 kilograms wezithelo ezintsha kusuka ku-1 m2.
Ubuhle nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Izinzuzo zamatamatisi uTanya F1 angabizwa ngokuthi:
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu ngesihlahla esihlangene nendawo encane ehlwanyelwe;
- ukuvuthwa okunobungane;
- ukumelana nokushisa;
- ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu;
- isivuno sigcinwe kahle futhi siyakubekezelela ukuhamba;
- ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo akuhlinzeki ngokuncinza nokwakhiwa kwamahlathi;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo ezindaweni ezingenalutho nangendlela yemvelo.
Okunye okungalungile isidingo sokusebenzisa izisekelo zeziqu ezimbozwe utamatisi ukuze kugwenywe ukwephuka.
I-Agrotechnology yokutshala utamatisi
Ukutshala imbewu
Utamatisi utshalwa ngezithombo. Isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela imbewu yishumi leminyaka lokuqala likaMashi noma izinsuku ezingama-50-60 ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlosiwe kwezithombo emhlabathini. Ukwelashwa kabusha kwembewu ngama-biostimulants kuyanconywa. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kwe-0.5-1 cm emabhokisini anenhlanganisela eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ngomumo.
Ukwakheka okuhle kwenhlabathi yezithombo ezikhulayo kungatholakala ngokungeza i-vermiculite kuyo, kuzokwenza umhlabathi ukhululeke. Ukuze uthole amahlumela anobungani, izimo ezidingekayo zinikezwa ukushisa komoya ekamelweni + degrees ezingama-24, umswakama 80%. Ukunisela ngamanzi afudumele kwenziwa ngokuqapha, hhayi kaningi.
Izithombo zitshuza esigabeni samaqabunga ayi-2-3 eqiniso ezitsheni ezihlukene. Lapho ukhetha, phusha impande enkulu. Ngokulandelayo, baqapha izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanyisa okulungile. Ukudla okudingekayo kwenziwa.
Izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kwenziwa izinqubo zokuqina, nsuku zonke zikubeka ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi.
Ukutshala izithombo
IHybrid Tatiana F1 itshalwe emibhedeni enelanga nenhlabathi evundile. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ngaphezu kwama-32 degrees, namazinga okushisa aphansi ayingozi kulokhu kuhlukahluka. Kunoma ikuphi, indawo yokuhlala iyadingeka. Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke, ube manzi.
Izithombo zitshalwa emibhedeni evulekile eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaMeyi ngenhlabathi efudumele ngokwanele. Lapho utshala utamatisi endaweni abamba ukushisa, lo msebenzi wenziwa phambilini.
Ngokubukeka, ukulungela kwezithombo zokutshala emhlabathini kunqunywa ukutholakala kwamaqabunga ayi-9-10 aneqoqo lokuqala lembali nesiqu sobukhulu obanele.
Ukutshala kwenziwa ngephethini lokuhlola lezitshalo eziyi-2,5 nge-m2 ngayinye. Bese ukuchelela kwenziwa amalitha ama-2-3 nge-m2 ngayinye.
Imithetho yokunakekela
- Impova ye-inflorescence yenzeka ngokuzimela. Izimo ezikahle zokuvundisa impova: izinga lokushisa +25 degrees kanye nezinga lomswakama ngaphakathi kwama-60-80%. Lapho zikhuliswe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ziphendukela kuzinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuheha izinambuzane futhi zisebenzise indlela yokudlidliza ngokunyakazisa amagatsha esihlahla noma i-trellis. Ukwamukelwa kokudlidliza kwenziwa kabili ngesonto ekuseni ngemuva kokuvuna izithelo.
- Akukhonjisiwe kaningi, kepha kunisela okuningi ngamanzi ahleliwe kanye ngesonto. Ukunisela okungajwayelekile kuyingozi ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwamatamatisi.
- Utamatisi Tanya F1 awudingi ukucinwa, kepha ukufakwa kwezisekelo zamagatsha anezithelo kuyadingeka.
- Utamatisi okhulayo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kudinga umoya omncane njalo ukufeza amazinga adingekayo okushisa nomswakama. Emibhedeni evulekile, izitshalo zidinga indawo yokuhlala uma kukhona usongo lweqhwa.
- Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula nasesigabeni sokuthela, utamatisi udinga ukugqoka amaminerali ngaphezu kwakho konke. Udinga ukusebenza ne-nitrogen ngokucophelela, okweqile kuzongena ku-riot yamahlamvu. Ama-infusions wamanzi we-mullein, umquba wezinyoni, amakhambi asetshenziswa kakhulu. Kufakwa umanyolo wezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye ne-boric acid, i-copper sulfate, i-manganese, ne-iodine ukondla izitshalo ngama-microelements. Ukondla umlotha kubalulekile. Utamatisi uphendula ngokuqinile ekuphakeleni okungalingani, ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kwezinto kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele.
- Abalimi abanolwazi banquma izimbali emabhulashini ukuze kuthuthukiswe izithelo. Emabhulashini amabili okuqala udinga ukushiya imibala engu-4-5, naku-5-6 olandelayo. Le nqubo izohlinzeka izithelo ezisele ngokudla okwanele. Umphumela uzoba izithelo zekhwalithi.
Ukuvimbela izifo
I-Tanya F1 hybrid iyabekezelela izifo eziyingozi kakhulu zikatamatisi. Kodwa izindlela zokwelashwa ngeke zivunyelwe. Imithi ewusizo yemvelo nge-decoction yama-anyanisi amakhoba, igalikhi ngokufakwa kwama-manganese. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zesikhunta, umuthi i-Fitosporin uyasebenza.
Lapho uhlakulela utamatisi, ukuphambuka okubonakalayo kokujwayelekile ekushiseni komoya nomswakama kuholela ezifweni nasekulahlekelweni komkhiqizo. Wonke umuntu osebenza engadini kufanele akukhumbule lokhu.
IHybrid Tanya F1 iyamelana nokulimala okwenzeka sekwedlule isikhathi, umdlavuza wesithunzela i-alternaria, indawo empunga yamaqabunga, ukubola kwe-apical.
Amathiphu Abafuyi BamaDashi
Ezinye zezimfihlo zobuchwepheshe bokulima utamatisi bamaDashi ngesivuno esikhulu:
- amanzi abekwa phansi kwebhokisi lokuhlwanyela imbewu, inhlabathi emaminerali emanzi ngaphezulu, imbewu iyahlwanyelwa, efafazwa nge-vermiculite ngesihlabathi;
- ngezithombo zokuhluma izimpande, uvolo wamaminerali usetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izinambuzane ziqale;
- izinambuzane kumele zikhangwe kubamba ukushisa ukuze kuthunyelwe impova;
- ekukhuleni kwezihlahla ezinempilo neziqinile, kubalulekile ukususa ukukhula okweqile nama-ovari ngesikhathi;
- izithombo zondliwa ngokuphelele ngamanyolo akhethekile anezinto ezidingekayo;
- ngokobuchwepheshe baseDashi, emini izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele lihlale lingaba ngu-17-18 degrees, umswakama womoya kufanele okungenani ube yi-65%;
- ukuthambisa kwenziwa ngendlela ye-drip;
- isivuno sisuswa ekuseni nsuku zonke;
- ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwezithelo ezisekupheleni, i-ethylene isetshenziswa esiqwini sesitshalo, isihlahla sisongwe ngefilimu.
Ngenxa yokukhiqiza kwayo okuphezulu, ukunambitheka okuhle kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa okuncane, i-Dutch hybrid Tanya F1 iya ngokuya ifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi basekhaya.