Iklabishi ngumkhiqizo odumile futhi onempilo. Inothile ngamavithamini. Izinhlobo zakuqala zikuvumela ukuthi uthole izithelo ezintsha ngoJulayi. Incazelo eningiliziwe yazo zonke izici izokusiza unqume kalula ukuthi ungazisebenzisa kuphi futhi nini lezi zinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi leCossack.
Izici nezici zezinhlobonhlobo zeKazachok F1
I-Cossack F1 - i-hybrid yokuvuthwa kokuqala. Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo kuze kube sekuvuthweni okugcwele yizinsuku ezingama-45 kuye kwezingu-50. Inhloko yeklabishi inesimo esiyindilinga esiluhlaza okotshani. Ekusikeni kumhlophe noma kuphuzi kancane. Ubuningi besilinganiso, imvamisa cishe yi-1.5 kg. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo 25-30 cm, ikhanda leklabishi 20-25 cm ububanzi. isiphunzi sincane. Imifino inokunambitheka okuhle okusha. Akuqhekezi. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa okusha.
Ubuhle nobubi
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ngenxa yokuthi owesifazane waseCossack athola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi kukhona okulandelayo:
- Ukuthola isivuno sokuqala.
- Imelana nesithwathwa size sifike ku -5 degrees.
- Umlenze omnyama ongahambisani nezifo, i-mucosa ne-vascular bacteriosis.
- Isitshalo sivuthwa ngasikhathi sinye, ungakhipha ngokushesha ingadi yonke.
- Inhloko yeklabishi ayidabuki.
Okubi kubandakanya ukungabekezelelani ekushiseni okukhulu. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, ukukhula kuyehla, futhi inhloko yeklabishi kungenzeka ingabeki nhlobo.
I-Cossack akufanele ikhule ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Mhlawumbe akuwona wonke umuntu ongathanda ukuvuthwa kwayo ngokushesha, ngasikhathi sinye. Ububi bungasuswa ngokutshala izithelo zeklabishi eliphakathi nendawo kanye nesikhathi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zeKazachok.
Indlela yokutshala izithombo ngendlela efanele
Ukutshala nokunakekela okuhlukahlukene kufana nokunakekela izinhlobo zeklabishi, kuphela isikhathi sokutshala imbewu yezithombo esihlukile.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kuqala maphakathi no-Mashi, izinsuku ezingama-40-45 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini. Kulokhu, sebenzisa iziqukathi ezingajulile. Phambilini, umhlaba uchitheke kahle ngamanzi. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emigqeni, ngemuva kokuhluma kudingeka ihlulwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sigcina izinga lokushisa lingabi ngaphezu kwamadigri ayi-6-7, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zizoqala ukwelula zikhule zibe buthakathaka. Ngemuva kwesonto lokuqina, sandisa izinga lokushisa liye kuma-degree ayi-15 emini nangu-12 ebusuku.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, lapho izithombo zinamaqabunga amabili eqiniso, ziyacwila. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukukhanya kwesitshalo futhi kuqinise impande yaso. Izithombo zidinga ukungcwatshwa emaqabungeni e-cotyledon, izimpande kufanele zifushaniswe ngesithathu.
Lapho ukhula izithombo, gwema umswakama owedlulele wenhlabathi, amanzi ngemuva kobuso bome ngokuphelele.
Sebenzisa amanzi angaphezu kwama-degree ayi-18-20. Ukuhambisana nale mithetho yokunakekelwa kuzosiza ukugwema ukuvela komlenze omnyama.
Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukukhanya okuhle. Ngo-Ephreli, kukhona amahora amafushane emini, ngakho-ke engeza izithombo ngokukhanyisa okufakelwayo. Sebenzisa amalambu akhethekile e-phyto noma amalambu we-fluorescent alula.
Sakha izimo ezinhle zokukhula
Konke kuqala ngombhede olungiselelwe kahle. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okuningi, asibekezeleli imimoya ebandayo, ukutshala kufakwe emifuleni evela enyakatho. Izokwamukela ukukhanya okuhle usuku lonke uma amagquma atholakala ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu.
Kufanele futhi ukhumbule ngabandulelayo. Izitshalo zeCruciferous azivunyelwe. Ukhukhamba, amazambane noma u-anyanisi zikulungele lokhu.
Umhlabathi kufanele uvunde, ucebe nge-peat ne-humus, ungabi ne-asidi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, engeza ufulawa we-dolomite, nawo owandisa okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium, okuthuthukisa ukuzwakala kwesithelo.
Kungcono ukulungisa imibhede ekwindla. Susa izinsalela zezitshalo, khulula inhlabathi. Sisebenzisa umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo namaminerali. Ekwindla ungaletha umquba omusha, entwasahlobo uzoshisa futhi ube wusizo. Faka i-potassium ne-superphosphate. Isanti noma ipeat kuhlanganiswe nenhlabathi esindayo. Amaqolo aphakeme enziwa ezindaweni eziphansi ukuze izitshalo zingabi manzi.
Indlela enhle yokwandisa ukuzala nokuhlanza inhlabathi ukuhlwanyela umquba oluhlaza. Kuleli siko, kuhle ukusebenzisa okusanhlamvu nemidumba, lwesinaphi.
Sifaka izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Uma ubulungiselela imibhede ekwindla, kuzoba nomsebenzi omncane kakhulu. Sithukulula inhlabathi, sisuse ukhula, sengeza umanyolo we-nitrogen. Kusukela ngoMeyi 5, sitshala izithombo embhedeni wensimu. Sisebenzisa isikimu sokutshala - ama-45 cm ngo-45 cm. Sitshala kuphela izitshalo ezinempilo, ezinamandla. Sigcwalisa imithombo ngamanzi, sijulise izitshalo emaqabeni e-cotyledon.Sikhetha izinsuku ezinamafu lapho sitshala izitshalo; ngezinsuku ezinelanga, izithombo zidinga ukufakwa umthunzi isonto lonke lokuqala.
Okulandelayo, amanzi, khulula, okuphakelayo. I-Kazachok eyi-hybrid iyamelana nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene nokubola, ayiguli ngomlenze omnyama. Lokhu kwenza ukugcinwa kube lula.
Ungasinakekela kanjani isitshalo ngaphandle
Iklabishi lithanda ukufudumala nomswakama. Ekushiseni, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka okungenani kathathu ngesonto, ungavumeli inhlabathi yome. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kusihlwa lapho kunokuhwamuka okuncane. Amanzi kufanele afudumele. Ukuchelela okuningi kweklabishi yokuqala kubalulekile ngoJulayi - ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izinhloko zeklabishi.
Sigcoba nge-peat, i-humus noma inhlabathi nje. Kanye ne-hilling, igcina umswakama futhi yondle izimpande. Iklabishi londliwa ngomanyolo ophelele wamaminerali (ekwakhiweni kwe-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, i-potassium), ngokufakwa kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo. Sisebenzisa imithamo yokuqala kamanyolo emasontweni amathathu ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini.
Ungakhohlwa ukususa ukhula emibhedeni yeklabishi ngesikhathi. Bafaka umhlabathi otshalweni, basuse ukudla, basebenze njengendawo yokuzalanisa izinambuzane nezifo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kakhulu ne-blackleg ne-mucous bacteriosis; imelana kakhulu ne-bacteriosis ye-vascular kanye ne-keel.
Izifo zeklabishi: i-downy isikhutha, ukubola okumpunga nokumhlophe, ukubuna kwe-fusarium. Kunezidakamizwa eziningi ezitholakalayo zokulwa nazo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ephephile kubantu nasemvelweni. Isidakamizwa "i-Fitosporin-M" sinjalo futhi sinikeza umphumela omuhle. Kuyasiza ukuphatha iziqongo ngemikhiqizo esekwe ngethusi: Ingxube yeBordeaux, i-bankol, i-phosphate.
Izinambuzane zeklabishi zihlanganisa ezinye izimvemvane namazeya amabhungane. Ungafaka iFitoverm noma uthule izitshalo ngesinaphi, upelepele ogayiwe, uthuli lukagwayi.
Ukuvuna nokulondolozwa
Ezimweni zezulu ezinhle, le ngxube ilungele ukuvunwa ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ukuvela kwemifino emisha lapho ingekho eminye okwamanje kuyenza ithandwe. Iyindilinga, iminyene, iyakubekezelela ukuhamba kahle, inesethulo. Izinhloko zeklabishi zivuthwa ngasikhathi sinye, ezilungele ukulethwa emakethe.
Iklabishi ligcinwa izinyanga ezintathu, aliboli, alilahli ukunambitheka kwalo.
Izinhlobo zakuqala azikwazi ukufakwa usawoti noma zifakwe emanzini anosawoti. Isetshenziselwa amasaladi amasha.
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zokutshala engadini kuyiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokukhethwa okukhulu kwembewu emakethe, ungahlala uthola okukulungele nokunenzuzo kuwe.