UKumquat uvele emashalofini ezitolo zaseRussia muva nje. Kuyisithelo esikhanyayo se-orange tropical. Kungenxa yomndeni wamawolintshi. Ngokuya kokunambitha nokuba wusizo, isithelo salesi sithelo esimangalisayo asikho ngaphansi kwanoma iluphi olunye u-citrus.
Isihlahla se-kumquat sihlala siluhlaza. Ifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ukuphakama. Futhi uma uthena ngesikhathi, isihlahla sizokhula siye ezinhlangothini futhi sifane nesihlahlana. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla nakho kuya ngosayizi webhodwe otshalwe kulo..
Njengoba unikeze izimo ezidingekayo, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhule i-kumquat ekhaya. Ake sikhulume kabanzi mayelana nezici zokutshala lesi sitshalo esingajwayelekile ekhaya.
Kukuziphi izifunda lapho iKumquat ikhule khona
Lesi sithelo saqala ukutshalwa eChina. Manje isikhuliswe eJapan, e-Southeast Asia, eYurophu nase-United States.
Isikhathi eside, bekungakwazi ukutshala ama-kumquats ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Imbewu beyinzima ukuhluma, futhi uma lokhu kwenzekile, ukusikwa kwafa ngenxa yezimpande ezibuthakathaka. Kwakungenzeka ukufeza ukukhiqizwa kwalesi sitshalo kuphela ngenxa yokuxhunyelelwa. KU-INigatsha lomuthi we-kumquat seligxile kwesinye sezithelo ezingamawolintshi ezingazweli isithwathwa - i-poncirus enamaqabunga amathathu... Ngemuva kwalokho, i-kumquat yasinda ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa lika -18 ℃.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukunambitheka kwezithelo ezikhule ezindaweni ezibandayo akumnandi njengaseChina.
Manje lesi sithelo esingajwayelekile sitshalwa endaweni yaseKrasnodar, eCrimea, e-Ukraine.
Esifundeni saseMoscow naseRussia Ephakathi, ama-kumquat angatshalwa ekhaya noma endaweni yokugcina izithombo... Kodwa-ke, naseningizimu, kuyaqabukela kutshalwe emhlabathini, kukhetha "ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya".
Izidingo zendawo yasedolobheni
Indawo yasedolobheni lapho kuhlelwe ukuthi ikhule khona eKumquat kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle.
Vikela isitshalo elangeni ngqo ngosuku olushisayo lwasehlobo. Kubalulekile ukunikeza ukukhanya okungafani. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imisebe eqondile yelanga ingadala ukuthi isihlahla sichithe iningi lamahlamvu.
Umuthi we-kumquat uthanda umswakama olinganiselayo nxazonke zawo... Ukuze unisele lesi sitshalo kahle, kunconywa ukufaka uhlelo lokunisela okuzenzakalelayo e-cottage yasehlobo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isitshalo singafa uma sigcwala amanzi.
Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liphansi noma lilinganisiwe, Kunconywa ukuthi unisele isitshalo njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, noma ngaphansi kaningi... Uma kushisa (+ 20-25 ° C), nisela isihlahla nsuku zonke.
Kusukela ekushintsheni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, isihlahla singachitha amaqabunga aso. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ekotishi lasehlobo ngendlela yokugwema ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa.
Isihlahla sizozwa kahle uma siniselwa ngamanzi afudunyezwe elangeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungadonsa amanzi emgqonyeni wensimbi, awuyeke uhlale futhi ufudumale elangeni. Bese uyisebenzisela ukunisela isitshalo.
Ngokuqondene nenhlabathi yokutshala lesi sihlahla, ungathenga inhlabathi eyenzelwe ukutshala izithelo ezisawolintshi. Futhi ungaziphekela inhlabathi ekhethekile... Kuyadingeka ukuxuba umhlaba wesoyi, inhlabathi evundile yensimu, umquba obolile, noma i-humus yeqabunga nesihlabathi.
Kukuyiphi inkathi futhi ngasiphi izindlela kunconywa ukutshala nokusabalalisa isihlahla seKumquat
I-Kumquat ingatshalwa kusuka enzalweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, izithelo ezivuthiwe zikhethiwe. Imbewu ikhishwa kuyo. Futhi uzifake kunoma yisiphi isikhuthazi sokukhula. Imbewu itshalwe ekujuleni kwe-1.5-2 cm ezimbizeni kuze kufike ku-8 cm ububanzi... Vala ibhodwe ngokugoqwa kwepulasitiki bese ushiya endaweni efudumele. Amahlumela okuqala angalindelwa ezinsukwini ezingama-35-40 emva kokutshala.
Futhi lesi sithelo sisakazwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ngokugoma
- Ngu cuttings
- Izinhla
Abalimi bama-citrus abanolwazi bakhetha ukukusabalalisa ngokusika noma ngokubeka.
Isikhathi esikahle kakhulu sokusakazwa kwe-kumquat ngama-cuttings ngu-Ephreli... Isihlahla esitshalwe ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka sizomila kangcono futhi siqine ngokushesha.
Izithelo zokutshala kumele zilungiswe ngaphambi kobusika. Okungenani izinso ezintathu zisele kubo. Sika ama-cuttings 0.5 cm ngaphansi kwehlumela lokugcina ngokungafani. Ukusikwa okuphezulu kwenziwa ngokungaphezulu kwe-1 cm ngaphezulu kusuka ezinso. Ukuze ukusika kuthathe izimpande, kutshalwa enhlabathini elungiswe ngaphambilini yezithelo ezisawolintshi, ekujuleni okungu-1.5-2 cm bese umboza ngembiza yengilazi. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka isihlahla esizayo ngomswakama omuhle nokunisela okwanele.
Ngokusakazwa kwezihlahla ngokubeka, isizini yasentwasahlobo nayo iyakhethwa.... Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha amahlumela minyaka yonke angama-20 cm ubude no-0.5 cm ubukhulu. Ekuphakameni okungu-10 cm, kusikwa ama-bark amahlumela njalo nge-1 cm. Susa amagxolo bese ususa amaqabunga ngobude obungu-5 cm.
Ukuze ama-cuttings akhule ngokushesha, inhlabathi kufanele imanziswe njalo.
Izici zokukhula nokunakekelwa
Isihlahla se-kumquat sidinga ukuniselwa njalo sifuthwe ngamanzi afudumele, ahlalisiwe. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, lesi sitshalo singagula noma sife ngenxa yezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuze i-kumquat ikhule ngokulinganayo, abalimi baphendula ibhodwe ngesihlahla sizungeze i-eksisi yaso ngama-degree ayi-10 njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-8-9.
Ngesikhathi sehlobo, isihlahla sigcinwa emthunzini oyingxenye. Futhi ebusika, ngezinsuku ezimnyama, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuyadingeka.
Kuyadingeka ukufaka umuthi umuthi izikhathi ezimbili kuya ku-3 entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla.... Ezinyangeni zokugcina zekwindla, kanye nasebusika, ukukhulelwa akudingeki ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga. Isixazululo samanzi samanyolo wamaminerali sisetshenziswa njengomanyolo. Yilungiselele kanje: ku-1 l. amanzi ancibilika 2-3 gr. i-ammonium nitrate, 1-2 gr. usawoti we-potassium kanye ne-superphosphate engu-4-6 elula.
Kuyasiza futhi ukufaka umquba ngokhuni ngesixazululo somlotha wokhuni.
Ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo, kunconywa ukondla isitshalo nge-slurry: 1 ingxenye yobulongwe benkomo ihlanjululwe ezingxenyeni eziyi-10 zamanzi. Lolu hlobo lokondla kufanele lushintshwe nomanyolo wamaminerali.
Kunconywa ukuthi utshale kabusha isihlahla saseKumquat njalo eminyakeni emithathu.... Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ngoMashi. Kubalulekile ukufakelwa kabusha ngokucophelela. Kuyadingeka ukugcina isigaxa sonke somhlaba, esihlanganiswe nezimpande. Umsele wamanzi endaweni entsha yokutshala izihlahla udinga ukuvuselelwa.
Lapho utshala kabusha, isihlahla akufanele sitshalwe ngokujulile. Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, kunconywa ukuthi ufafaze futhi unisele ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
Imithetho yokuthenwa
Entwasahlobo, lapho umqhele wesitshalo wakha ngenkuthalo, kuyadingeka ukuthena isihlahla. Ukukhula kwesihlahla kufanele kube okufanayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ukuthena kumele kwenziwe uma sekuvele amahlumela amasha kuwo. Lokho wukuthi, isihlahla kufanele sibe sesigabeni sokukhula esisebenzayo. Ingxenye engokhuni kuphela ebalulekile ukusika... Kulesi simo kuphela isihlahla sinciphisa ukukhula kwaso futhi siphonsa amahlumela asemaceleni.
Ngemuva kokuthena, ama-buds alele ayasebenza, akha amahlumela. Amahlumela wesikhathi esizayo kufanele aboshwe ukuze isihlahla sibe nesimo esinjenge-fan. Amanxeba kufanele aphathwe nge-varnish yensimu... Lokhu kwenzelwa ukwelapha amanxeba ngokushesha, kanye nokuvikela ukungena kokutheleleka. Unyaka ngemuva kokuthena, isihlahla sizoba nomqhele ocishe uphelele.
Izitha zalesi sitshalo
Izitha eziyinhloko zalesi sihlahla zincela, zidla izimuncagazi.
Okudume kakhulu kubo:
- Isicabucabu
- Isihlangu
Uma kuvela amachashazi amhlophe ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, kanye nokuthi amaqabunga asontekile futhi abhajwe emabhukwini amhlophe, lokhu izimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwesicabucabu.
Ukulwa nayo, thatha isipuni sothuli lukagwayi, uthele ingilazi yamanzi ashisayo bese ufaka amagremu ayi-10 ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha. insipho yokuwasha. Isixazululo esivelayo siphatha umuthi amahlandla ama-3 ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-6.
I-Garlic ibuye isize ukususa isihlahla salesi sifo. Ikhanda likagalikhi lichotshoziwe futhi lishiswe engilazini eyodwa yamanzi abilayo. Lesi sixazululo siphikiswa cishe izinsuku ezimbili. Ngemuva kwalokho isitshalo siyahlungwa bese siphathwa ngaso.
Amahlamvu kaSkhumba, embozwe ngezinsini futhi inamabhantshi amnyama. Ungalwa nalesi silokazane ngengxube yethisipuni elilodwa lamafutha omshini, unyakaziswe engilazini yamanzi afudumele anama-gramu angama-40. insipho yokuwasha kanye no-2 tbsp. izinkezo zempuphu yokuwasha.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokucutshungulwa kwezinkuni ngengxube evelayo, kuyadingeka ukumboza umhlabathi ngefilimu. Ingxube akufanele ivunyelwe ukungena emhlabathini... Gcoba ngobumnene amaqabunga namagatsha esihlahla esithintekile nge-swab kakotini. Kuyadingeka ukugeza isisombululo ngemuva kwamahora ama-3-4 ngaphansi kweshawa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha, inqubo kufanele iphindwe.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezitshalwa ekhaya
Kunezinhlobo ezithile zesihlahla ezingatshalwa ekhaya:
- Kumquat Nagami - enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ngezithelo ezimnandi, okusikhumbuza umnqumo.
- Kumquat Japonica (lomhlobo ubitwa ngekutsi yiKumquat Meiva) - isithelo siphuzi-orange ngombala, sifana kakhulu nelamula. Isihlahlana esinamaqabunga amise okweqanda nameva amafushane. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nesithwathwa. Ikhule eningizimu yeRussia endle.
- UKumquat Fukushi - izithelo zimnandi kakhulu futhi zimnandi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-kumquat nzalo. Ezinye zazo zethulwe ngezansi:
- I-Limequat - etholwe kukalamula nakumquat
- I-Oranjevat - etholwe ku-orange nakumquat
- I-Lemonquat - ulamula uwele ngamquat
- I-Calamondin - kusuka kumandarin nakumquat
Isiphetho
IKumquat isitshalo esihle esikhiqiza izithelo ezincane ezingajwayelekile. Ihluka ngezithelo ezingamawolintshi ngoba idliwa nekhasi... Kunzima impela ukuyikhulisela ekhaya, ngoba kudinga ukunakwa okuningi futhi kuyinto ehlekisayo ngokweqile. Kepha labo abanenhlanhla abakwazile ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezidingekayo nokunakekela lesi sihlahla bazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi besifanele.