Namuhla abalimi bafuye izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 ezihlukene zamapheya. Zonke ziyehluka ekunambithekeni kwesithelo, ubukhulu besihlahla kanye nezinto ezikhethekile zokutshalwa nokunakekelwa.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya athakazelisayo futhi amnandi e-Krasulia, sikhulume ngencazelo yawo nezici eziyinhloko.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zeKrasulia
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya eKrasulia zingezinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo, zazalulwa ngokuwela izinhlobo zeBlack neLittle Joy. U-EA Flankeberg usebenze entuthukweni entsha eSouth Ural Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable and Potato Growing. Namuhla izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya aseKrasulia zikhule zombili ezimbonini nasezindlini zasehlobo.
Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwesihlahla kufinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-4-5. Amagatsha asakazeka, athambekele phezulu, okuvumela ilanga ukuthi lingene engxenyeni engezansi yesihlahla. Umqhele ansundu, okunye okuvelele kokuhlukahluka ukuthi kunameva amancane esiqwini somuthi enza kube nzima ukuvunwa.
Umgqomo ubunjwe ngesigaxa. Ipuleti leqabunga libanzi, liminyene, liyindilinga elinamaphethelo acijile. Amaqabunga amancane anemibala eluhlaza okotshani, ngesikhathi sasehlobo ashintsha umbala abe amathoni aluhlaza okotshani, anemithambo ephuzi. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyaqhakaza maphakathi noMeyi, zinama-inflorescence amakhulu, amhlophe, anephunga le-tart.
Izithelo zepheya zincane zombili ngosayizi nangesisindo, ngokwesilinganiso, ubukhulu bepheya abudluli ku-90 g.Izithelo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zinombala omuhle, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ipheya lithola izithunzi eziluhlaza eziluhlaza. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, izithelo ziguqula amathoni abe ophuzi-luhlaza okotshani. Futhi uhlangothi lwepheya, lapho ilanga eliqonde ngqo liwela khona, liphenduka libe bomvu-orenji ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Isithelo lesi simile okweqanda, sifana nepomegranati.
Abantu abaningi bathandane nezinhlobonhlobo zeKrasulya ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo, ipheya linesikhumba esincanyana, esinamanzi, esinomsoco omnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhlukahlukene kumnandi, kunephunga elimnandi. Izithelo zivuthwa maphakathi no-Agasti, zihlala esihlahleni isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki ama-2, ngemuva kwalokho zithambe bese ziyawa. Izithelo ezihlutshiwe nazo zigcinwa isikhashana, kuvulwe cishe amasonto ama-2, futhi zingabi ngaphezu kwamasonto ama-3 esiqandisini. Ngaphandle kwalokho Izinhlobonhlobo zepheya leKrasulia azihloselwe ukugcinwa ebusika.
Isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo siphezulu, izithelo ziqala vele ngonyaka we-5, ngokwesilinganiso, isivuno esingaphezu kwama-40 kg singavunwa esihlahleni somuntu omdala ehlobo ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Imvamisa, ukuze amagatsha angahlehli ngaphansi kwesisindo sesithelo, i- "Krasuli" idinga izinsiza ezikhethekile ezizosekela amagatsha awo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwakha ama-ovari epheya, i-Krasulia ibhekisa ohlotsheni oluxubekile lwesithelo, ngakho-ke ama-ovari akuso awakhiwa ngamahlumela wezithelo ezimfushane, kepha ekukhushulweni konyaka odlule, okuthakazelisa kakhulu nokungajwayelekile lokhu kuhlukahluka kwepheya.
Okunye futhi isici salokhu okuhlukahlukene ukumelana nesithwathwa. UKrasulia ubekezelela kalula ubusika obubandayo nobunzima, isimo sezulu esibandayo nesingesihle.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo yilezi:
- ubusika obunzima bezinhlobonhlobo (iKrasulia ibekezelela ngokuphelele ubusika);
- ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane;
- ukuhlangana kwesihlahla, yize kunamagatsha asakazekayo, iKrasulia ayithathi isikhala esiningi engadini;
- isivuno esikhulu (isihlahla esidala sithela izithelo minyaka yonke);
- izithelo zivuthwa ngokushesha ehlobo.
Vele, kukhona ezinye izinto ezimbi zokuhlukahluka:
- Usayizi omncane wesithelo (ngesisindo 1 pear awudluli amagremu ayikhulu);
- Ehlobo elipholile, ipheya lishintsha ukunambitheka kwalo, libe ushukela futhi lingabi mnandi;
- Izithelo azigcinwa isikhathi eside (isonto elilodwa ngaphandle kwesiqandisisi namasonto amabili emakhazeni), futhi azikwazi ukugcinwa kuze kufike ubusika.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Isivuno esikhulu sezinhlobonhlobo sincike kwikhwalithi yezithombo. Lapho ukhetha izilwane ezincane, okokuqala, kufanele unake izimpande zesihlahla. Akufanele babe nezingxenye ezibolile, izimpande ezinezimpawu zezifo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ingxenye yezimpande yesihlahla yomile, ibe nsundu ngombala.
Lapho uthenga, bheka ukuthi isithombo sithengiswa kusiphi isitsha.
Lapho ukhetha isithombo sepheya, kubalulekile ukuhlola amagatsha, akufanele aphulwe noma alimale. Ungathenga umuthi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Ukuze kukhule isithombo, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yokutshala. Izinhlobonhlobo zeKrasulia zikhetha ukukhula elangeni, lapho kunelanga eliningi khona emini. Kepha ngenxa yamagatsha asakazekayo, ipheya "alithandi" ukusondela kwezinye izihlahla, likhetha ukukhula ngokwehlukana, eceleni. Lokhu kuhluka akunconyelwa ukutshala ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinkulu, ngeke zinikeze ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele ukuze ipheya likhule.
Kungcono ukutshala ipheya ezindaweni ezivulekile, lapho kunelanga eliningi nendawo.
Umhlabathi
Ngokuqondene nenhlabathi, izinhlobonhlobo ze "Krasul" azinazwela futhi zithathela kalula kunoma imuphi umhlabathi, ubumba, isihlabathi. Kodwa-ke, akufanele utshale izithombo ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aseduze khona.
Ngenxa yomswakama omningi enhlabathini, Izimpande zamapheya zingabola isitshalo ngokwaso siphelelwa yisilinganiso sokukhula kwaso, futhi izithelo ziba zithambile futhi ziwe ngokushesha. Noma yimuphi umhlabathi ukulungele ukutshala, umhlaba omnyama, isihlabathi noma ubumba oluncane.
Isikhathi sokugibela
Ipheya leKrasulia lingatshalwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngentwasahlobo, kungcono ukutshala isihlahla maphakathi no-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho kudlula isithwathwa futhi inhlabathi ifudunyezwe yilanga.
Uma ukutshala kwenzeka ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nesikhathi sokutshala isithombo ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa lokuqala, futhi ikakhulukazi inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba... Ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, isihlahla sizoba nethuba lokuzinza endaweni entsha futhi sisinde ebusika bokuqala.
Ubuchwepheshe bokufika
Ukutshala ipheya leKrasul akunzima, izinhlobonhlobo ziqala ngokushesha endaweni entsha, azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
- Ukutshala amapheya kufanele kuqalwe ngokulungiselela umgodi. Ubukhulu baso buxhomeke ohlelweni lwempande lwesithombo, ukuthi lukhulu kangakanani, ububanzi futhi bujule kakhulu umgodi uzodingeka. Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga futhi ukuhlola izimpande zesihlahla, uma zibophekile, zingafinyezwa noma zisikwe ngokuphepha, kepha hhayi kakhulu.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kunconywa ukwehlisa izimpande zepheya ebhakedeni lesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Lokhu ngeke nje kunciphise izimpande kuphela, kodwa futhi kuzogcina nesihlahla ezifweni eziningi.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho beka uthuli lwamatshe phansi komgodi, amatshe amancane, i-humus. Umhlabathi kufanele futhi ukhululeke, ube manzi, ngaphandle kwezigaxa nezimpande zezinye izitshalo.
- Ngemuva kokufakwa kwephayiphu, udinga thela ibhakede lamanzi bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho umhlaba umunca umswakama futhi uzinza.
- Ngemuva kwalokho nkanti phansi kuyizimpande ezibekwe kahle, isihlahla kufanele sime siqonde. Izimpande zimbozwe ngomhlaba, ngemuva kwalokho ipheya kufanele liphuziswe ngamabhakede amanzi ama-2-3.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla kufanele ifakwe kahle.ngakho-ke izogcina umswakama isikhathi eside. Ukuchelela okulandelayo kwesihlahla kuzodingeka ngosuku, amabhakede wamanzi ayi-1-2 azokwanela.
Ngokuvamile, ipheya leKrasulia ngokushesha ligxila endaweni entsha, ikakhulukazi uma isithombo siphilile. Ngokutshala okufanele, ipheya liqala izimpande ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, noma nangaphambi kwalokho. Futhi amaqabunga okuqala emva kwenyanga ayisibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuthi isithombo sesinezimpande futhi saqala ukukhula. Manje, ukunakekelwa okufanele kuphela okuzosiza ukuvuna amakhilogremu wesitshalo.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Pear Krasulia
Ukunisela
I-Pear Krasulia ithanda umswakama, kepha njengezitshalo eziningi, kubalulekile ukuthi ungachichimi. Amabhakede ama-2-3 amanzi kanye ngesonto azokwanela yena. Uhlelo lwayo lwempande olunamagatsha luyakwazi "ukukhipha" umswakama. Kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukuchelela ezimweni ezi-2:
- -esimo sezulu esomile futhi esishisayo kakhulu;
- ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo.
Izithombo ezincane zidinga umswakama omningi, kepha nalapha kudingeka isilinganiso.
Ungasinquma kanjani isilinganiso sokuchelela isihlahla? Amabhakede ama-2-3 wamanzi unyaka ngamunye wokukhula.
Inhlabathi enomswakama kakhulu isongela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi zohlelo lwempande, izimpande zesihlahla zingabola.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngokuvamile umuntu omdala umuthi uyakwazi ukuzihlinzeka ngezinto ezidingekayo namavithamini... Kepha futhi udinga amavithamini ukuze akhule, kepha kufanele asetshenziswe ngokucophelela okukhulu, ngokususelwa kuzici zesihlahla uqobo. Uma iqala ukuthela izithelo kusenesikhathi, khona-ke, idinga umanyolo. Kepha, uma kwakhiwa amahlumela kuphela, ngakho-ke akufanele uchithe umquba owengeziwe kuwo.
Minyaka yonke, kungcono ukufaka umanyolo ngaphansi kwepheya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kungaba umanyolo ophilayo, inhlanganisela ye-ammonium nitrate ne-urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, noma umlotha ojwayelekile. Umanyolo we-nitrogen usetshenziselwa ukondla, uvuselela ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane.
Unganquma kanjani ukuthi ipheya lidinga umanyolo noma cha? Kulula kakhulu - uma ama-burdock, izimbabazane, i-quinoa zikhula zizungeze isihlahla, khona-ke kunezakhi zomsoco ezanele emhlabathini ukuze isihlahla sikhule.
Ukunciphisa nokuqondanisa umqhele
Akuvamile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi umuthi uqala ukuwela ohlangothini lwawo. Ukulinganisa, kuyadingeka ukususa ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho kudonswa isigxobo kusuka kolunye uhlangothi lwethambeka bese kuboshelwa isiqu somuthi kuso. Ukulinganisa isihlahla akuhlukile kakhulu nokutshala, ngakho-ke kudinga ukunakekelwa okuhle ngemuva kokulengiswa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukuthenwa minyaka yonke. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze amahlumela amancane angavaleli amagatsha athela izithelo. Ngentwasahlobo, kungcono ukusika ipheya ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avuleke. Amagatsha aphukile alinyazwe izifo nokukhula okuncane ayanqunywa.
Ukuthena kungenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela izifo ezahlukahlukene ngokungapheli, izinambuzane azikwesabi, kepha kuvame ukutholakala kwamanye amashwa, ngokwesibonelo, isikhutha esiyimpuphu. Lesi sifo silimaza amaqabunga esihlahla, amapuleti amaqabunga aphenduke ansundu, asonge, awe bese isihlahla uqobo sinciphisa ijubane.
Ngokuvamile amaqabunga amancane namahlumela angenwa yilesi sifo. Kepha ama-inflorescence nawo awonakele, ambozwa ukuqhuma okumhlophe, ome futhi anganiki ama-ovari.
Lesi sifo singabhubhisa ngaphezu kuka-70% wesitshalo futhi sidale umonakalo omkhulu esihlahleni. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, kuhle ukusebenzisa isixazululo se-colloidal sulphur (ukwelashwa okungu-2-3 ngesikhawu samaviki ama-2). Kuyadingeka futhi ukusika wonke amagatsha athelelekile ekwindla.
Izithelo zibola kaningi zenzeka eKrasuli ngesikhathi semvula. Lesi sifo asithinti amaqabunga kuphela, kodwa nezithelo. Ekuqaleni, kuvela amabala amancane anombala onsundu, umongo uba mncane, ube nsundu ngombala futhi izithelo ezinjalo azikulungele ukudliwa. Amapheya agulayo kufanele asuswe emagatsheni nasendaweni, futhi ukuze uvikeleke, udinga ukufafaza umuthi ngesixazululo se-urea noma nge-burgundy liquid.
Ukugqwala - imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo yi-fungus ye-pathogenic microscopic. Imboza amaqabunga epheya, ajika abe nsundu ngokunyama bese ewa. Lesi sifo asisakazeki emaqabungeni kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemagxolweni esihlahla.
Ukugqwala kusakazeka kakhulu uma umjunipha ukhula engadini.
Ukuvimbela, kubalulekile ukufafaza isihlahla ngesisombululo somlotha nensipho, entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ekwindla, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufafaze isihlahla ngoketshezi olumpunga noma lwe-burgundy.
I-Cytosporosis noma ukubola kwesiqu kuthinta amagxolo esihlahla kungakhathalekile ukuthi umdala kangakanani. Ukushiswa yilanga, isomiso noma isithwathwa esinzima kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa esiqwini sesihlahla, amagxolo awo athola umbala onsundu onsundu, ayoma kancane kancane abese efa.
Uma lesi sifo sesiqale ukusabalala, khona-ke ngommese obukhali udinga ukusika izindawo ezithintekile, uziphathe nge-sulfate yethusi. Kepha ukuze uvimbele izifo, kungcono ukugcoba isiqu somuthi entwasahlobo.
Kepha hhayi kuphela izifo ezinciphisa ukukhula kwesihlahla, kepha nezinambuzane, isibonelo, ama-aphid aluhlaza. Lesi sinambuzane simunca wonke ujusi emaqabungeni nakumahlumela amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-aphid aluhlaza akhipha amafinyila, afaka isandla ekwakheni ukhunta lwe-sooty.... Ukulwa nama-aphid, kubalulekile ukufafaza isihlahla kaninginingi. Isikhathi sokuqala ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avuleke entwasahlobo, okwesibili ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi okwesithathu ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezithelo. Amakhemikhali athengiwe afana neKinmix noma i-Iskra azokwenza.
Ungasebenzisa futhi amakhambi wesintu, isibonelo, ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-chamomile negalikhi, noma insipho yokuwasha.
Inundu eliphakathi kwe - noma kunalokho uvemvane olubekela amaqanda emashidini. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, kuphuma izibungu kubo, zidle izithelo. Lesi sinambuzane sithanda kakhulu ukuhlala ezihlahleni ezisencane zepheya. Ungalwa nevemvane ngosizo lomuthi "Kinmix" noma "Agravertin".
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ufafaze ngamakhemikhali izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze nangaphambi kokuba iqhakazi liqhakaze.
Amapheya amancane - esinye isinambuzane esiphakathi esiphila emagxolweni esihlahla nasezikalini zefihlekile. Lesi sinambuzane sisebenza entwasahlobo, simunca amajusi emaqabungeni amancane, ngemuva kwalokho sikhubazekile. Isihlahla siyeke ukukhula, amagatsha athatha ukwakheka okuyinqaba, izithelo aziziqhenyi ngokudla. Ungalwa ne-pear mite ngosizo lwamakhemikhali, noma usebenzise isisombululo se-colloidal sulfur.
Ukuze kunezinambuzane ezimbalwa epheya, isihlahla asilimazi, ukunakekelwa okufanele kwepheya, ukuthena ngesikhathi esifanele nokondla kubalulekile.
Abalimi abaningi bathandana nezinhlobonhlobo zeKrasulia Pear ngenxa yesivuno sayo esikhulu, ngoba izithelo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili zingasuswa esihlahleni esisodwa ngenkathi ngayinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipheya lalezi zinhlobonhlobo linezici ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitha, izithelo ezinoshukela, nephunga elimnandi. Umuthi awunasizotha futhi unakekelwe, awudingi ukunakwa okuningi, kepha umane ujabulise abalimi ngezithelo zawo ezinhle nezihlwabusayo.