Kusukela entwasahlobo, abalimi banomsebenzi omningi okufanele bawenze, oqinisekisa ukuqala okuhle kwesivuno esisha. Ukuze izithelo zihambisane nokuvunwa kwekhwalithi nokuhlukahluka, kusetshenziselwa izingibe ezahlukahlukene ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngezinto zokulandela umkhondo ezidingekayo ezimileni. Enye yezinto ezuzisayo yi-ammonium sulfate. Lo mbhalo wembula zonke izimfihlo zokusebenzisa lo manyolo oyingqayizivele.
Kuyini i-Ammonium Sulfate
Ukucaca kwesithiyelo samaminerali kungukuqukethwe kwezinto ezibalulekile ngenkathi ekhulayo yanoma isiphi isiko: isibabule ne-nitrogen. Ngenxa yezakhiwo nokuphepha kwayo, usawoti we-ammonium ubusetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zaseSoviet ezimbonini zokudla nezindwangu ngaphezu kokulima. Ukuthandwa, okungalahlekile kuze kube manje, kungenxa yobubanzi obubanzi besenzo somkhiqizo kanye nentengo engabizi. Umanyolo awunakho ukuphikisana maqondana nokukhethwa kwezitshalo, ngakho-ke ungabizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi ungowendawo yonke. Futhi izimo zezulu azithinti isenzo sesengezo samaminerali.
Eqinisweni, i-ammonium sulfate iyikhemikhali (i-ammonium usawoti we-sulfuric acid) ekhiqizwa imboni yasekhaya ngobuningi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomnotho wezwe. Kuyimpuphu engenalo iphunga lesici elinama-granules acwebezelisiwe amhlophe, kaningi okumpunga. Emkhakheni wezolimo, le nto ihlukaniswa njengomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen. Izinto ezincane ezifakiwe ekwakhiweni zifaka isandla ekukhuleni okunamandla kwezitshalo nokwakhiwa kwezithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
Ukondla izitshalo nge-nitrogen, kunconywa ukufaka umanyolo ngendlela encibilikisiwe. Kuleli fomu, into ayisebenzisi nemvelo yenhlabathi, inika isilinganiso esiphezulu sezinto zokulandela umkhondo ohlelweni lwempande. Indlela eyomile yokucebisa inhlabathi inenqubo ende yokubola, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kaningi lapho kulungiswa umbhede ngesikhathi sokumba.
Ingabe i-ammonium sulfate ne-urea ziyefana
I-Ammonium sulfate (NH4) 2SO4 (N21 S24) ne-urea (NH2) 2CO, (N46) yimikhiqizo ehlukile, kodwa bangabeqembu elifanayo lomanyolo we-nitrogen. Usawoti we-ammonium awuphansi ezindaweni zawo kunezakhiwo eziningi eziqukethe i-nitrogen, ngokwesibonelo, ngokungafani ne-carbamide, inesibabule. Esinye isici esihlukile yinani elingabizi kakhulu.
Zombili izakhamzimba ziyancibilika emanzini futhi zimuncwa kahle izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, i-urea iqinisa inhlabathi ibe yimbi ukwedlula ukwakheka okuqukethe isulfure. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ayisebenzi kumhlabathi ogcwele amanzi namakhaza. Usawoti we-ammonium usebenza ngokulinganayo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Izici nezinzuzo ezivela kuhlelo lokusebenza
Imvamisa, emibhedeni, isithombe siyabonakala lapho uhlaza lwezitshalo luqala ukufiphala, umbala wamaqabunga uyashintsha. Lezi zimpawu zikhombisa ukuntuleka kwesibabule ne-nitrogen enhlabathini. Ku-ammonium sulphate, izakhi zomzimba ziqukethe inani elanele (24%, 21%), ngakho-ke, usizo lokuqala ukucebisa inhlabathi ngamanyolo wamaminerali ngendlela eyomile noma encibilikisiwe.
I-ammonium sulphate ayithathi indawo yokondleka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezitshalo zezolimo. Ngaphezu kwezinto ezibalulekile: i-nitrogen nesibabule, izitshalo zidinga nezinye izinto zokulandela umkhondo (i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-iron, njll.).
Izakhiwo zikasawoti ze-ammonium:
- kwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi lapho kumbiwa;
- igcwalisa inhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba, ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane;
- kunomthelela omuhle ekwakhiweni kwezithelo, ikhwalithi yazo;
- ukusetshenziswa kuhlanganiswe nezinye izinto ukukhulelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kuvunyelwe.
Izici eziyinhloko zomanyolo:
- ukwakheka kokugcwaliswa kwesibabule, okunomphumela omuhle kwikhwalithi nobungako besitshalo;
- ukuncibilika okusheshayo emanzini, okwenza kube lula ukugcwalisa inhlabathi kuhlangene nokunisela;
- Isicelo esilula nesilula (singasoma noma sincibilikiswe emanzini);
- Intengo engabizi (izindleko ziphikisana nenhlanganisela eningi yokudla okunomsoco);
- ukusebenza kahle kuqashelwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokufakwa kasawoti we-ammonium enhlabathini;
- izinto ezincane ezibalulekile ezitshalweni zihlala emhlabathini isikhathi eside, zigcina ukuzala kwazo;
- ukwakheka kuphephe ngokuphelele empilweni yabantu nezilwane; uma usebenzisa, ungenza ngaphandle kwemishini yokuvikela.
Okuwukuphela kwempendulo yokusebenzisa lo mkhiqizo okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ammonium nitrate. Ikhemikhali ayinazo ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo eziphoqayo, i-ammonium sulfate isenezici ezithile. Phakathi kokuyinhloko: ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezimweni zokugcina kanye namanani okusetshenziswa. Lapho ufaka imali emhlabathini, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukondla ngokweqile kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela amancane.
Isicelo sezilimo ezahlukene
Ngokwesilinganiso, usawoti we-ammonium usetshenziswa emibhedeni ngenani lama-gramu angama-40. nge-1 m2, kepha izinkomba zingahluka ngokuya ngamasiko ukugqokwa kwamaminerali okusetshenziselwa.
Amazambane
Izinga lokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo lapho kumbiwa imibhede liyahlukahluka ebangeni lama-25-40 gr. ngo-1 m2. Ngisho nokwephulwa okuncane komthamo, ama-nitrate awaqoqeli ezitshalweni zezimpande. Ukucebisa ingadi ngomanyolo kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo zemifino, ithuthukisa hhayi kuphela ivolumu yesitshalo, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi yezilimo eziyizigaxa (izinga lokuqukethwe kwesitashi liyakhuphuka). Ukuqiniswa kokuzivikela komzimba kuyaziwa futhi, ngemuva kokucubungula isitshalo asivelwanga kakhulu kuqweqwe nokubola.
Ukhukhamba
Izitshalo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, ezibandakanya ukhukhamba, zidinga ukondliwa okujwayelekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqhuma nokwakhiwa kwezithelo. I-ammonium sulfate iqukethe izinto ezibalulekile ezikhuthaza ukukhula futhi zandise isikhathi sokuthela. Ilethwa ifomu eliwuketshezi izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesizini ngayinye.
Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngemuva kokuhluma, bese kwenziwa njalo emavikini amabili. Isikhathi sokwelapha esingcono kakhulu ngemuva kokuchelela noma kwezulu. Izinsuku eziyi-14 ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yikuphi ukugqoka kuyavalwa.
Ijikijolo
Usawoti we-ammonium ufakwa emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokumba komhlaba lapho kulungiswa imibhede yokutshala. Ngemuva kokuthi izithombo sezimile izimpande, ukufaka umanyolo kufomu eliketshezi kusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye ngenani lelitha elilodwa kusitshalo ngasinye. Isixazululo esisebenzayo (st. L. Umanyolo ngebhakede ngalinye lamanzi) sizoba nomsoco nakakhulu uma ufaka ingilazi ye-mullein kuso.
Iklabishi
Lapho ucebisa inhlabathi ngomanyolo, kubalulekile ukugcina isikhathi sokucubungula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukugcwaliswa kabusha kuzobangela ukukhula okusheshayo kwemifino noma kuvimbele ukukhula kwamaqabunga eklabishi. Izinga lokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo lingu-30 g. Kuyadingeka ukufaka impuphu ngesikhathi sokumba komhlaba noma ngesonto ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, usebenzisa uhlobo lwamanzi lokugqoka okuphezulu.
Imifino
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemifino, i-ammonium sulfate ibhekwa njengesengezo esihle kakhulu sokudla okunempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo ungasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izigaba zenkathi yokukhula. Umenzeli anganxephezela ngokushesha ukungabi bikho kwezinto ezilandelwayo ngemuva kokuvuna kokuqala, ukuze imbewu ephindaphindwayo ikhule ngamandla afanayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwempuphu ngesikhathi sokumba - 20 gr. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa isivuseleli sokukhula emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Imiphumela emibi ezitshalweni zemifino
Awukho umphumela omubi we-ammonium sulfate ezitshalweni zemifino. Noma ngabe isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa seqiwe, izithelo aziqongeleli ubuthi nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imifino eyondliwe ngokugqoka okunjalo igcina ukwethula kwayo, i-juiciness, ukunambitheka kanye namavithamini isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, isivuno esisetshenzisiwe mancane amathuba okuthi sibole.
I-Ammonium sulfate iyikhemikhali elincane, ngakho-ke alikwazi ukulimaza umuntu noma isitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umkhiqizo usetshenziselwa ukugqoka izimpande namakhasi.
Ku-horticulture, i-ammonium sulfate ingumkhiqizo othandwa kakhulu, ukwakheka kufanelekile cishe kuzo zonke izitshalo ezitshalwe kusayithi. Ingasetshenziswa isizini yonke, kepha ngobuningi obamukelekayo ukuze ingacasuli umphumela ohlukile.