Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu futhi okumele ube nayo yokunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi ukusika umvini ekwindla. Isivuno sehlathi ngonyaka olandelayo sincike esikhathini sokuthena kanye nokunemba kokuqaliswa kwaso. Kamuva esihlokweni sizobheka izinketho ezahlukahlukene zokuthena amagilebhisi wabaqalayo bese sithola ukuthi ungawakha yini amaqabunga.
Kungani uthena isivini ekwindla ngaphambi kobusika
Isidingo sokuthena imi kanje:
- Ngokusika amahlumela okweqile, abalimi ngalokho dlulisela kabusha inani lezakhamzimba ezisuka enhlabathini liye kumahlumela anempilo.
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa komvini kuyanda;
- Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwekwindla kwehlathi, isivuno siyakhula. Ukukhula emuva, amahlumela amancane ngeke ahlanganise lawo angomakhelwane;
- Uma usika amagatsha njalo, amajikijolo asebhulashini azoba ngosayizi omkhulu futhi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka;
- Inqubo yokumboza umvini ebusika yenziwe lula kakhulu;
- Inqubo yokuvuthwa kwezithelo iyasheshiswa, ngoba entwasahlobo amahlumela avuleka ngaphambi kokuhamba okusebenzayo kwamajusi kuqala emvinini.
Izikhathi zentwasahlobo nokuwa ukusika amagatsha
Amagilebhisi athenwa kuye ngokuhlukahluka kanye nesifunda sokukhula. Ngezinhlobonhlobo ezingambozi, ukuthena ekwindla kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhula kwamahlumela. Endabeni lapho ubusika buchazwa yiqhwa elibi, bese unquma amagatsha entwasahlobo.
Ukusika izihlahla zasekwindla ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
- okwandulelayo;
- main.
Ukusika kwangaphambili kwenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa. Onke amahlumela aluhlaza kufanele asuswe. Akunconyelwe ukusika amahlumela ansundu aqhephukayo lapho egobile.
Ukunciphisa okuyisisekelo eyenziwa kusukela ngo-15 kuya ku-30 Okthoba, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokuqala kweqhwa lokuqala. Ngemuva kokusika kokuqala, izinsuku eziyi-14 kufanele zidlule. Ngemuva kokuhlola isihlahla, wonke amahlumela omisiwe, alimele, angavuthiwe, amancane kakhulu, kanye nalawo anendawo engalungile, ayasuswa. Leyo mivini yezithelo ekhule kangcono kunabanye isikwa ibe yimicibisholo.
Ukuthena kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ngesikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liba ngu- + 3 degrees. Akunconywa ukwenza le nqubo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba ukusikeka emvinini kuzoqina kancane kakhulu. Lokhu kungenye yezinkinga zokuthena kwentwasahlobo. Esinye isici esibi ukuthi ngokugeleza okuningi kwejusi nge-garter mpo, kungangena ezithelweni zezithelo, ezizonciphisa kakhulu isivuno, futhi kungadala ukubola kwesiqu.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukusika kwentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke isiqu somonakalo futhi uhlole isimo sehlathi ukuze uqonde ukuthi isiqu singanikezwa umthwalo ongakanani. Inqubo yasentwasahlobo ihlukaniswe yaba:
- mfushane;
- okuphakathi;
- yinde.
Umehluko enanini lamahlumela akhula kusuka empandeni eyodwa nobude bawo. Lapho uthena ekwindla emvinini, udinga ukushiya inani lamahlumela ngemajini. Entwasahlobo, kuze kube ngumzuzu lapho isihlahla siqala ukukhula ngokushesha, ukujwayela kuyenziwa. Umvini uvuselelwa ngokudala umkhono omusha, bese kukhishwa owakudala, kusale okungadluli ku-10 cm.
Ukusikwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngokunyakaza kwamajusi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ihlumela elincane likhula ngokushesha. Endleleni, udinga ukushiya imivini eminingana esikhundleni. Bazosebenza ekwakhiweni kwemivini ezinkathini ezizayo.
Ukuthena kwehlobo kubalulekile ehlathini. Ilawula isivuno.
Ehlobo, abalimi abanolwazi sebevele baqonda kahle ukuthi mangaki amaqoqo okumele ashiywe emvinini ukuze bangalayishi ngokweqile isihlahla. Amaqoqo amaningi asele emvinini azoholela ekuqothulweni kwehlathi, futhi ukunganele kwawo kuzoholela ekwakhekeni kwamadodana angadingekile.
Izinzuzo zokusika kwehlobo:
- kusiza ukwakha usayizi womvini odingekayo;
- susa ijusi edonsa ngokweqile eluhlaza okotshani;
- dala ukufinyelela kwamahhala komoya nokukhanya ezixukwini ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa kwezithelo.
Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka, kuyadingeka ukuthi kususwe zonke izinqubo ezibuthakathaka, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamabhulashi ama-2, ingaphezulu lomvini licindezelwe ngamaqabunga ama-5. Ungashiyi umvini isikhathi eside ngoba amajikijolo azoba muncu. Zonke izingane zokutholwa, amadevu namaqabunga angeziwe nawo ayasuswa. Ngo-Agasti, ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi usike kanzima amahlumela.
Izingane zokutholwa ezinqunyiwe azinakushiywa phansi. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni izifo!
Ungasithena kanjani kahle umvini ngonyaka wokuqala
Amagilebhisi amancane athenwa:
- ukwakha imikhono;
- ukukhuthaza ukukhula;
- ukuqinisekisa isivuno esihle.
Esihlahleni esincane, unyaka owodwa ubudala, phezulu kuyasuswa, kusale amahlumela amabili kuya kwamane kuphela. Babuyela emuva nge-1 cm ukusuka embotsheni yokugcina phezulu bese besika. Lokhu kuzoba yisisekelo semikhono yezithelo ngonyaka ozayo.
Emvinini oneminyaka emibili ubudala, amafindo angena esikhundleni akhiwa ngokusika isithasiselo ngamehlo amabili. Shiya amaqabunga amane kuya kwayisithupha kwenye inqubo. Isihlahla sigawulwa ngendlela efanayo nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ngenkathi isivuno sizoba ngonyaka nje kuphela, kanti isihlahla siyoqina kakhulu.
Lapho uthena isihlahla esineminyaka emithathu ubudala, kwakheka amafindo okufaka esikhundleni kanye nehlumela lezithelo. Amafindo okushintshwa kufanele abekwe ngaphansi kwesibhamu esikhulu futhi kufanele athenwe ngamehlo amathathu. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ushiye amahlumela ayisihlanu kuya kwayishumi ku-shoot main. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ungashiya amahlumela ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12 kusihlumela. Ngale nqubo, isihlahla sakha izingalo ezingama-4-6 ezithela izithelo eminyakeni emithathu. Lokhu kwanele ukuvuthwa kwesitshalo.
Inhloso yenqubo yasekwindla yezithombo ezincane ukwakheka okufanele kwesihlahla. Abalimi abaningi be-novice benza iphutha lokungathengi iminyaka emibili yokuqala, bengafuni ukubambezela isivuno. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi isihlahla siwugqinsi kakhulu futhi amahlumela angeziwe adonsa inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ezingasikiwe kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukumboza ebusika.
Amathuluzi okusika izihlahla
Ukuze uthene kahle amagilebhisi, uzodinga ithuluzi elilandelayo:
- ukuthena ingadi;
- amafayela, ama-hacksaws;
- imimese yensimu.
Ama-secateurs asetshenziswa lapho kususwa isihlahla esineminyaka emibili nambili ngosayizi womvini ongekho ngaphezu kwesentimitha elilodwa nohhafu. Ukuze wenze ukusika okubushelelezi, sebenzisa iziphunguli zokuthena ngezinhlamvu ezimbili.
Uma ubukhulu bomvini ongapheli bungaphansi kwamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili, ama-saw saw asetshenziselwa ukuthena. Ngobukhulu obungaphezu kuka-8 cm, ukusika kwenziwa nge-hacksaw. Ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-lopper.
Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi, ithuluzi kumele lilolwe futhi licutshungulwe.
Amasu ezinhlobonhlobo zokuthena imivini emidala nemincane
Kukhona okwamanje izinhlobo eziningana zokwakheka kwezicucu:
- fan;
- okwenziwe ngesitsha;
- capitate;
- i-cordon;
- uhlangothi olulodwa nezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Izihlahla zabalandeli entwasahlobo
Ukusebenziseka kwalokhu kuthenwa ukuthi ngale nketho kulula ukufaka imikhono bese ulungisa inani lezinhlamvu zezithelo, futhi futhi kulula ukumboza umvini ebusika. Endaweni yomugqa owodwa we-trellis kusuka emikhonweni emibili kuya kwemine, nasemizileni emibili kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-8. Emkhonweni ngamunye, buyisela amafindo nemicibisholo yezithelo engu-2-3. Ubude bemikhono kufanele buhluke. Lokhu kufaka isandla ekukhanyeni okuhle komvini.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, kubalulekile ukushiya amahlumela angu-1-2 ngamehlo ambalwa. Kufanele kube khona amahlumela amasha emvinini ngonyaka ozayo.
Ngonyaka wesibili, uma inqubo eyodwa ithuthukile, khona-ke ama-2 kuya ku-4 efihlekile asele kuwo. Uma amabili athuthukile, ama-2-3 efihlekile ashiywe ngakunye. Inqubo yesithathu kufanele inqanyulwe. Izosebenza ekwakhiweni kwezinqubo ezilandelayo. Uma kukhona amahlumela ama-4, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwakha imikhono yawo.
Ngonyaka wesithathu, amehlo amathathu asele kusihlumela ngasinye, ukuze ungalayishi umvini. I-inflorescence eyodwa kufanele ishiywe emkhonweni ngamunye ukuze kulawulwe ikhwalithi yesithelo. Kuyadingeka futhi ukwakha izixhumanisi zezithelo emikhonweni emisha. Kuncike ekutheni imivini ineminyaka emi-2 ukushuba kune-7 mm. kungenzeka ukushiya ama-6-7 efihlekile kuzinqubo zokwakha izinqubo ezintsha.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, ukuma kwesihlahla kugcinwa ngokusika imicibisholo kanye namahlumela wezithelo lapho isivuno sisuswe khona. Iphethwe phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo. Imikhono idinga ukuvuselelwa njalo eminyakeni eyisikhombisa noma eyisishiyagalombili.
Isimo sendebe
Lokhu kuthenwa kusetshenziswa uma izigxobo zingukuxhaswa kwehlathi. Ubukhulu besitsha buxhomeke kubukhulu bemikhono. Uma umkhono ufinyelela ku-50 cm ubude, khona-ke isitsha sizoba sincane. Ngosayizi ka-50 kuya ku-70 cm - isitsha esiphakathi. Ngaphezulu kuka-70 cm - isitsha esikhulu.
Okubi kwalolu hlobo yilezi:
- ukusonteka umvini kuzoholela ekonakaleni kokutholwa kwezakhi zomzimba;
- ishiya umthunzi komunye nomunye futhi ithole ukukhanya okuncane;
- ukungena komoya okungafanele.
Le nqubo iyefana eminyakeni edlule ukusika izihlahla zabalandeli.
Isihlahla sasekhanda
Sebenzisa leli fomu ngezihlahla ezihlanganisiwe. Imikhono isikwa esitsheni. Kusala amafindo amahlanu ekhanda namahlumela amabili kulilinye. Imivini izokhula kubo ngokuzayo.
Ukwakheka kweCordon bush
Unyaka we-1 shiya ama-2-3 efihlekile ehlathini ukuze wakhe amahlumela anamandla.
Unyaka wesibili ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, imikhono emincane izokhula, izosebenza njenge-cordon. Ngemuva kokuhluma, ukunciphisa kufanele kwenziwe. Amahlumela ashiywa njalo ngamasentimitha angama-30. Kusuka kumahlumela akhulile, kwenziwa amafindo okushintshwa, kushiya amehlo ama-2-3 kuwo.
Eminyakeni elandelayo kubalulekile ukwandisa ubude bomkhono nenombolo yemicibisholo. Ukushintshwa kwama-cordon kufanele kwenziwe ngakunye. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukulahleka kwezitshalo.
Ungenza kanjani ukuthi uthenwe ukugwema ukuguga
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuvuselela - ezigcwele futhi ezingakhethi.
Ukuvuselelwa okuyingxenye kungenziwa lapho imikhono yakhiwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Lapho uthenwa ekwindla, amahlumela amabili asele kuwo. Imikhono emidala isikwe kancane, kanti eminye isikwa ngokwesikimu:
- shiya ama-6-7 efihlekile ehlumela eliphezulu;
- ihlumela elingezansi lisikwa ukuze kufakwe ezinye izingcezu.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, imikhono yomugqa wesibili nowesithathu yakhiwa kusuka esikhundleni esinamandla. Ingxenye eyodwa yomvini omdala iyanqunywa, futhi amehlo ama-5-6 asele kolunye.
Ngonyaka we-4, imikhono emidala isuswa ngokuphelele. Izigaba zimbozwe nge-pitch yensimu. Amahlumela amancane akha isihlahla esisha.
Qedela ukuvuselela... Ukusika izihlahla ezindala kuholela ngokuphelele ekuvukeni kwamahlumela ehlathini naseziqu. Ngentwasahlobo, amahlumela akhula ngenkuthalo futhi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, akhula afike kumamitha amabili. Ngonyaka olandelayo, isivuno sokuqala sisuswa emahlumela bese kwakhiwa isihlahla esisha. Ukusika imikhono emidala kwenza ukuthi kube lula ukukhipha izinambuzane ezintsha ezakhe izidleke emikhonweni yakudala, kanye nokuvuselela ingxenye yomhlabathi engenhla.
Ukuthena amagilebhisi kwi-arch yabaqalayo
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokucheba i-arch:
- ukumboza okungatheni;
- intambo;
- eyodwa-ehlombe cordon;
- umkhono we-fan.
Uma amagilebhisi engamboziwe, kulokhu ukwakheka okumbozwe uhhafu kuzokwenza. Ngalesi sakhiwo, imivini ithathwa emkhonweni omkhulu, obekwe ku-trellis engenhla... Umkhono wokugcina utholakala ku-trellis engezansi. Kufanele kube ubude obufanayo nobuyinhloko. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushiye ihlumela le-coppice bese ulisika kanye ngonyaka - ekwindla. Kanye nesibhamu sokuphumula, basimboza ebusika. Uma kwenzeka ubusika obuyimpumelelo, ehlobo amahlumela akhule avela emkhonweni wokusika anqunywa ama-2-3 efihlekile futhi amahlumela anamandla ambalwa atshalwa kuwo.
Uma ihlumela elikhulu lonakaliswe kabi ebusika, liyasikwa bese kuthi okusalayo kuphakanyiswe ku-trellis engenhla, bese kuthi i-coppice shoot ithathe indawo yesipele. Ngalolu hlobo lokwakheka, ungavuna kanye ngonyaka.
Ungasithena kanjani isihlahla esigijimayo
Kuyadingeka ukusika isihlahla esinganakiwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla sekwephuzile. Okokuqala udinga ukususa imivini emidala, eyonakele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusikeka emvinini ngommese obukhali. Uma umvini uluhlaza ekusikeni, khona-ke uyaphila. Uma umvini womile lapho usikwa, umvini uphinde usikwe futhi, eduze kwesisekelo. Uma umbala umvini ofanayo ususwa ngokuphelele. Kunconywa ukusika amagatsha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala:
- Kungcono ukuthena ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala noma entwasahlobo ngaphambi kuka-Ephreli 1... Kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe wonke amahlumela angavuthiwe noma omile, usike zonke izingxenye ezinegxolo elimpunga noma elimnyama. Uma umkhono ufriziwe, khona-ke ususwa ngokuphelele.
- Ngemuva kokukhipha zonke izindawo ezingasekho, hlola amahlumela asele. Shiya labo abane-10-12 efihlekile futhi ubukhulu bube okungenani ama-cm 5. Uma kukhona amahlumela anjalo ambalwa, kulokhu konke kushiywe. Kulawo mafushane, kusale kuphela lawo azoba okungenani u-5 cm ubukhulu.Asezisele izingcezu ezinhlanu ngamamitha amabili we-trellis. Kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo eceleni kwe-trellis.
- Amahlumela wonyaka asuswa ngama-85%.
- Ehlobo, amahlumela wemikhono engapheli azovuka futhi anikeze inani elikhulu lamahlumela. Wonke la mahlumela kufanele asuswe. Njengomphumela wokuthena okunjalo, isivuno ngeke sibe sikhulu, kepha ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu.
Isinyathelo sesibili:
- Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, amaqabunga, intshebe, ama-stepons kufanele anqunywe emahlumela. Kuyadingeka futhi ukususa wonke amahlumela abuthakathaka angaphansi kuka-4 cm ubukhulu.
- Eminyakeni elandelayo, lapho uthena, yakha izixhumanisi zezithelo.
Ukunakekelwa komvini ngemuva kokuthena
Uma ukuthenwa kwenziwa ehlobo, emva kwale nqubo, ngaphambi kokusika ekwindla, kuyadingeka:
- Yenza ukucinana. Kwenziwa ngokunciphisa amahlumela, kushiye amaqabunga ama-5 phezu kwenqwaba ngayinye yamagilebhisi, futhi kuphinwe ichopho lomvini ukumisa ukukhula.
- Ukubopha amahlumela akhule ngaphezu kwe-trellis engezansi ngaphezu kuka-22 cm.
- Ukunisela nokondla;
- Yenza ukujaha umvini, ushiye amaqabunga ayi-14 phezulu kumahlumela, anqunyiwe.
- Yenza ukwelashwa ezifweni nasezinambuzane ngamafungicides. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa iTopaz. Ama-insecticide kumele asetshenziselwe ukulawula izinambuzane. Ukucubungula kwenziwa kathathu ngesizini ngayinye.
Misa noma yikuphi ukucubungula ezinsukwini ezingama-21 ngaphambi kokuvuna. Uma kutholakala izifo zesikhunta, cubungula isivini sonke!
Ngemuva kokuthena ekwindla, kufanele:
- Yinamanzise kakhulu ukuze inhlabathi igcwale umswakama ngaphambi kobusika.
- Khulula inhlabathi kahle eduze nehlathi ukuvimbela ukumiswa umswakama futhi unikeze umoya-mpilo ezimpandeni.
- Faka umquba noma umquba obolile enhlabathini.
- Ngokuqala kwamaqhwa okuqala, vala amagilebhisi ebusika. Ngenxa yalokhu, amagatsha ephayini, i-sawdust, i-peat, i-hay ifanelekile.
Ngokuthena kahle amahlathi nokunakekela isivini sakho njalo, ungalindela ngokufanele isivuno esihle ngonyaka ozayo. Noma yiliphi igilebhisi linganqunywa, kufaka phakathi u-Isabella.