I-Currant iberry eliwusizo kakhulu, imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ama-compotes ahlukahlukene namajusi, ibuye ifakwe kumajamu ahlukahlukene nokulondolozwa.
Kulula kakhulu ukutshala isitshalo esinjalo ekotishi lasehlobo. Futhi, i-currant ebomvu isitshalo esingenakuzithoba.
Indlela yokutshala ama-currants abomvu namnyama?
Ukuze ama-currants abomvu noma amnyama akhule kahle futhi alethe isivuno esiningi futhi saminyaka yonke, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala ukuze i-shrub ikhululeke:
- ama-currants awanconywa ukuthi atshalwe ezindaweni lapho amahlumela amadala alesi siko noma ama-gooseberries akhule khona ngaphambili;
- izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele libe ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo lwempande lungabola noma lufe;
- futhi akunconywa ukutshala ama-currants ezindaweni eziphansi lapho amanzi emvula noma iqhwa elincibilikile lihlangana khona;
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukutshala i-shrub endaweni eyomile, ungayikhipha ngobumba olunwetshiwe. Ithuluzi elinjalo livimbela ngokuphelele umswakama okweqile.
- impilo nokukhiqiza kwe-shrub ngqo kuncike enanini lokukhanya kwelanga. Lapho kungekho lezi zinkomba, isitshalo siqala ukulimaza futhi siyeke ukumelana nezinambuzane, amajikijolo aba mancane noma anyamalale ngokuphelele;
- imimoya enamandla inomphumela ofanayo kuma-currants, ngakho-ke indawo akufanele nje kuphela ukuthi ingafakwa umthunzi, kodwa futhi ivikelwe nasemimoyeni yasenyakatho nasempumalanga. Ukukhulisa izihlahla, awudingi ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bezolimo. Konke kungenziwa ngesandla.
I-Currant ikhula kahle cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, okuhlukile:
- inhlabathi enesihlabathi;
- umhlabathi onamadwala;
- izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi.
Futhi, leli siko likhetha inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi, ngakho-ke, lapho kukhona inhlabathi ene-asidi, kufanele imiswe kuqala. Ukwenza lokhu, i-400 gram yelimestone echotshoziwe noma ama-gramu angama-300 we-lime slaked yengezwa kumitha elilodwa lesikwele lomhlaba.
Isikhathi sokufika ekotishi labo lasehlobo
Ama-currants angatshalwa kokubili entwasahlobo (ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli) nasekwindla (maphakathi no-Septhemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba). Kepha abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukwenza ngqo ukutshala ekwindla, ngoba kunezinzuzo eziningi:
- Izithombo zinezikhathi zokuthatha izimpande ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo futhi zibekezelela kahle isithwathwa sasebusika. Futhi lapho le nqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo, i-shrub ithuthukisa ngenkuthalo uhlelo lwempande, kepha futhi isebenzisa amandla ekwakheni amahlamvu futhi ishiya ebusika ngendlela ebuthakathaka, ngenxa yalokho engakwazi ukubekezelela isimo sezulu esineqhwa futhi imane ife;
- Futhi, izitshalo ezitshalwe ekwindla zihamba ngokushesha futhi, ngokufanele, ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu nasenkabeni, ukutshala ekwindla kufaneleke kakhulu, futhi eNyakatho noma e-Urals, kutshalwa ama-currants abomvu namnyama entwasahlobo, ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande luqine, kepha ngasikhathi sinye wonke amahlumela kufanele asuswe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze isithombo singabi namahlamvu.
Ukutshala nokukhula kwama-currants
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Isigaba sokuqala sokutshala ama-currants ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi esifanele:
- Lapho kwenziwa ukutshalwa kwekwindla, umgodi ulungiswa cishe amasonto ama-3-4 ngaphambi kwenqubo uqobo., futhi lapho kutshalwa entwasahlobo, umgodi kufanele umbiwe ngoSepthemba. Ukulungiselela kokuqala kuyadingeka ukuze inhlabathi ikwazi ukuthela ngokwengeziwe;
- Ngokunikezwa kwesakhiwo semvelo sohlelo lwempande lwama-currants abomvu, ukujula nobubanzi bomgodi kuvame ukuba ngamasentimitha angama-40-50;
- Ngenkathi umba umgodi, ungqimba ongezansi ugoqiwe ngokuhlukile kusuka phezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho umhlaba ovundile (ophezulu) uxubene ne:
- Amabhakede ama-2 omquba, i-humus noma umquba obolile;
- 100 amagremu we-superphosphate;
- 90 amagremu we-potassium sulfate.
- Kuleli fomu, umgodi wokutshala ushiywe kuze kufike isikhathi sokutshala isithombo.
Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala bese ulandela yonke imithetho yokuhamba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izimpande zesitshalo ziqala ukumanziswa, bese zihlanganiswa nge-burlap bese isakhiwo esiholelwayo siqiniswa ngesikhwama seplastiki.
Izindlela zokutshala
Ukufika okukodwa
Ngalokhu kutshalwa, ama-currants aletha inani elikhulu kakhulu lokuvuna futhi aphile isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezinye izindlela. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukutshala izitshalo okungenani amamitha amabili ukusuka kwezinye izihlahla nezihlahlana.
Ukuhlala okujwayelekile
Le ndlela ifanele labo balimi abafuna ukuqoqa inani eliphakeme lamajikijolo ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu. Imvamisa ukutshalwa kwemigqa kuyasetshenziswa ekutshalweni kwentengiso kwama-currants abomvu. Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo ukugqoka okusheshayo kwezitshalo futhi, ngokufanele, ukufa kwazo ngokushesha.
Usebenzisa le ndlela, umuntu kufanele acabangele izici zokuhlukahluka ngakunye nezitshalo zezihlahla ezinomqhele ogqamile ebangeni lamasentimitha ayi-120-150, nezitshalo ezinokuhlelwa okuhlangene kakhudlwana kwamahlumela kude ngamasentimitha angama-70-110.
Ukuhlala ku-trellis
Ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo, izihlahlana zitshalwa kude ngamasentimitha angama-50-100 komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2-3, amagatsha e-currant amiswa ku-trellises efakiwe. Kulokhu, ungathola indiza eqinile yezithelo.
Esikhundleni se-trellises ekhethekile, ungasebenzisa uthango oluvala isiza.
Imithetho yokufika
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala ama-currants amnyama bunje:
- Kungcono ukufaka isithombo emgodini nge-degree yama-45 degrees, kodwa ukufika mpo nakho kungenzeka, okulula kakhulu nokujwayeleke kakhulu;
- Ikhola lezimpande kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angu-5-6 angcwatshwe emhlabathini;
- lapho umba umgodi, kufanele uxubushe ngezikhathi ezithile isithombo ukugwema ukwakheka kwamaphakethe womoya phakathi kwezimpande zesitshalo;
- Esigabeni esilandelayo, umhlaba kufanele uthonywe ngokucophelela.
- Ukuze isitshalo simile kahle endaweni entsha, akwanele ukusitshala kahle... Kuyadingeka ukuthi unakekele kahle isihlahla esincane:
- Masinyane ngemuva kokutshala, kumbiwe umgodi omncane ezungeze ama-currants, lapho kufanele kuthelwe khona ibhakede lamanzi kancane kancane. Inqubo enjalo ngeke imanzise inhlabathi kuphela, kodwa futhi ithuthukise ukuxhumana kwezimpande nenhlabathi;
- Ngemuva kokuthi amanzi omile, umgodi ugcwala i-humus, i-peat noma umhlaba owomile nje;
Ngenqubo enjalo, akunakusetshenziswa kufanele ukuthi usebenzise umanyolo wezimbiwa kanye nomquba omusha, ngoba kungadala ukusha ohlelweni lwempande futhi isitshalo sizofa ngonyaka wokuqala.
- Futhi, umhlabathi ozungeze isihlahla ungasuswa ufinyelele kumasentimitha angu-5-10;
- Ukusheshisa ukwakheka komqhele wehlathi nokugwema ukubonakala kokukhula okubuthakathaka ngemuva nje kokutshala, wonke amagatsha esitshalo afinyelelwe kuma-2-4 efihlekile.
Inqubo efanele yokutshala iyisihluthulelo esiyinhloko sempumelelo ekukhuleni izihlahlana ezinempilo nokuthola isivuno esinothile.
Ukunakekela
Ukuze i-shrub ikhiphe isivuno esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka, udinga ukuyinakekela kahle futhi ungayinaki ngisho nezinqubo ezibonakala zingabalulekile.
Ukuxega
Umhlabathi ozungeze i-shrub kufanele ukhululwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uhlelo lwempande luthole inani elidingekayo lomswakama ne-oxygen. Endaweni yezimpande, ukukhululeka kwenziwa ngamasentimitha ayi-5-6 ukujula, kukhulisa kancane kancane ukujula kube ngamasentimitha ayi-15 njengoba ishiya isisekelo sesitshalo.
Ukunisela
Ama-currants ayakwazi ukubekezelela isomiso sesikhashana, kepha ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu, udinga ukugcina umswakama wenhlabathi ongamaphesenti angama-80, ukuhlola le nkomba, ungamba umhlabathi ujule ngamasentimitha angama-30, uma ucindezelwe waba isigaxa, kufanele ugcine umumo wawo.
Ngesikhathi sokunisela, udinga ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngomswakama ngamasentimitha angama-40-50, ngoba lokhu i-shrub encane izodinga amabhakede amabili amanzi, kanye nomuntu omdala ongu-4-5. Kunezindlela eziningi zokunisela:
- ungakwazi ukumba umsele ozungeze isitshalo bese uthela ngobumnene amanzi kuso;
- kokufika okukhulu, kukhishwa umsele bese kufakwa ipayipi eligcwele amanzi kuwo.
Ngemuva kokuchelela, kunconywa ukuthi ukhule umhlabathi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukuze isivuno esikhulu nesikhulu siqale ehlathini, kuyadingeka ngesikhathi esifanele ukwenza okokugqoka okuphezulu okuhlukahlukene okudla umhlabathi. Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala emva kokutshala, asikho isidingo sokufaka umhlabathi umquba, isitshalo sizoba nezakhi zomzimba ezanele ezethulwa ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Ukuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane
Ukugwema ukuvela kwezifo nezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukuphatha i-shrub ngamalungiselelo akhethekile futhi wenze izihlahla zokuhlanzeka nokuncipha.
Entwasahlobo:
- Ama-currants aniselwa kanye ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kepha uma ubusika bube neqhwa elincane, kanti intwasahlobo ibomile, le nqubo ihlehliselwa u-Ephreli;
- Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, kubalulekile ukukhulula umhlabathi ngokucophelela;
- Entwasahlobo, isihlahla siphathwa ngezifo nezinambuzane ngosizo lwamalungiselelo akhethekile noma i-Brodsky liquid;
- Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukwenza izihlahla zokuncipha, ususe wonke amagatsha afriziwe, alimele noma aqine ngokungadingekile.
Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga, ama-currants afakwa ngamagremu angama-50 e-urea kanye nama-gramu angama-500 omlotha wokhuni. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuhlakazekile ngaphansi kwesihlahla, bese kungcwatshwa ngokucophelela. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umswakama uyadingeka ukuncibilikisa umanyolo, ngakho-ke uma umhlabathi womile futhi bekungakaze kube khona imvula isikhathi eside, inqubo leyo kufanele yenziwe ngemuva kokuchelela okuningi.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-currants abomvu afakwa umanyolo wezimbiwa oyinkimbinkimbi kanye nodoti wezinkukhu.
Ama-currants awayibekezeleli i-chlorine, ngakho-ke, udinga ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu ngokukhethwa kukamanyolo bese usebenzisa i-sulfate esikhundleni se-potassium chloride.
Futhi, entwasahlobo, isihlahlana kufanele sondliwe ngamanyolo (organic, umquba, umquba, njll.). Emhlabathini ovundile, le nqubo yenziwa isikhathi esi-1 eminyakeni emi-3, kepha emazweni ampofu kuzofanele iphindwe minyaka yonke.
Ehlobo:
- Ehlobo, isihlahlana kufanele siphuziswe njengoba inhlabathi isoma; esimweni sezulu esivamile nokungabikho kwesomiso, inqubo yenziwa isikhathi esisodwa emavikini amabili;
- Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukukhulula inhlabathi kancane ngemuva kokuchelela ngakunye;
- Futhi, ehlobo, udinga ukuqapha ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yezimpande bese ususa lonke ukhula.
- Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa nokugcwaliswa kwezithelo, ama-currants angafuthwa ngezikhuthazi zokukhula, kepha indlela ephephe kakhulu nephumelela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo oketshezi ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Umanyolo onjalo ufaka ukufaka umanyolo oketshezi ngokufakwa kwe-mullein, ubulembu bezinyoni noma udaka.
- Abalimi abaningi basebenzisa ama-infusions alungiselelwe ngesisekelo semifino ehlukahlukene, ama-peels wezithelo, njll njengokudla kwasehlobo. Le mikhiqizo ingasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi ingezwe njalo ngokunisela.
Ekwindla:
- Ekwindla, inani lokunisela lincishisiwe laba yi-zero, kuzodingeka ukufaka inani eliningi lomswakama lapho ulungiselela i-shrub ebusika;
- Kunconywa futhi ukuthi ukhulule umhlabathi ekwindla ukuze izimpande zithole umoya-mpilo omningi ngangokunokwenzeka ebusika;
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza izihlahla zenhlanzeko ekwindla, lapho kuzosuswa wonke amagatsha omile, anezifo futhi alimele. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kususwe izifo nezinambuzane;
- Ngemuva kokuvuna, ngaphansi kwesihlahla, yenza lokhu:
- 50 amagremu we-superphosphate;
- 20 amagremu we-potassium sulfate;
- Umanyolo wemvelo (enhlabathini evundile kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2).
Ukulungiselela ubusika ezweni
Yize i-currant emnyama iyisivuno esiqinile sasebusika, kodwa isadinga ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ebusika. Ukwenza lokhu, ungasebenzisa enye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
Onke amagatsha esihlahla kufanele agobeke ngokucophelela phansi futhi inani lezitini kumele libekwe ngaphezulu, elizosebenza njengomthwalo. Lapho wenza inqubo enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungalimazi amagatsha esitshalo. Isithwathwa siyindlela yokuzivikela engokwemvelo emazingeni okushisa anzima, ngakho-ke le ndlela ingenzeka kuphela ebusika obuneqhwa.
Ungasonga futhi igatsha ngalinye le-shrub ku-agrofibre ekhethekile, ngenkathi kungakuhle ukwengeza ukwahlukanisa ngendlela yoboya bamaminerali. Leli thuluzi lihle kakhulu emakhazeni amakhulu noma ngesikhathi lapho kungekho simbozo seqhwa.
Ama-currants abomvu namnyama ayi-berry enhle, ijusi noma i-compote okungaqeda kalula ukoma kwakho ngosuku olushisayo, futhi ujamu owenziwe ngalezi zithelo unomuncu omnandi futhi ongajwayelekile. Ama-currants aletha isivuno esiningi, futhi ukuwakhulisa ezweni kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqoqe inani elikhulu lezithako kusuka ehlathini elilodwa ukuze uzolungisa.
Futhi ekugcineni, ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungakhulisa kanjani ama-currants: