Idada lePeking lingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinhlobo zenyama zazalwa ngokukhethwa ngekhulu le-18 eBeijing. Yasakazeka ngokushesha kulo lonke elaseChina futhi yathatha isikhundla esivelele. Emva kwesikhathi, inyoni yalethwa eMelika naseYurophu. Ngenxa yokukhiqiza kwayo okuphezulu kanye nezimfanelo ezinhle zenyama, idada lasePeking selithathe indawo yezinhlobo eziningi zabomdabu futhi namuhla selizalelwa ekhaya.
Incazelo yohlobo
Isifuba inokubukeka okuvulekile nokuphakanyisiwe. Uhlobo lomzimba enamandla, isifuba esibanzi, umhlane omude, umsila uphakanyisiwe. Ikhanda elikhulu, elide, lihlala entanyeni ewugqinsi, enentente, ngesifunda esingaphambili esiyindilinga. Ubufushane obufushane imilenze atholakala eduze komsila futhi anombala obomvu osawolintshi. Izimpiko eqinile, eseduze nomzimba, ivelele amandla awo nobubanzi bawo obukhulu. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, okukhulu, okucwebezelayo amehlo... Uqhwaku oluwolintshi ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo, ogobile kancane. Izimpaphe mhlophe, ukuminyana okuphezulu. Imisipha It has a kwabantu abalulekile, ungqimba encane izicubu ezixhuma. Ukuze uthole incazelo eningiliziwe, izici nokubuyekezwa kwabalimi mayelana nohlobo, bheka ngezansi.
I-peking duck ibonakala nge ubumnene bokuthula, ngenxa yesistimu yayo yezinzwa eshesha kakhulu. Inyoni ivamise ukukhala, okudala inkathazo kwabanye abazalanisi. Ukugwema umsindo wamadada, zakha izimo ezithandekayo nezizolile zokuphila, uma zonke izinto zangaphandle zisuswa, le nyoni iziphatha ezolile futhi ethule.
Imibandela yokugcina nokukhula
Ukukhulisa amadada asePeking, kokubili emapulazini ezimboni nawasemakhaya, akunjalo elula futhi enenzuzo ibhizinisi. Ukwazi ama-nuances ayisisekelo nokubuka izidingo zokuqukethwe futhi impumelelo yokondla ingatholakala ngesikhathi sokurekhoda.
Ngezimboni inyoni igcinwa ezindaweni ezinempahla ekhethekile. Izindlu zezinkukhu zikhona ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo, ukushisa, okuphakelayo okuzenzakalelayo nokunikezwa kwamanzi. I-microclimate ihlolwe, futhi yonke imigomo yenhlanzeko nenhlanzeko iyabhekwa.
Ezizeni zasendlini izindlu zezinkukhu zakhiwa ngamadada asePeking noma izakhiwo ezikhona ziyashintshwa. Indlu kufanele yenziwe izitini, ayikho imifantu noma izimbobo. Uma kunokwenzeka, igumbi livaliwe, okuvumela ukunciphisa izindleko zokushisa ebusika. Ukushisa akufanele kuphume ngophahla noma phansi, uma amawindi amadala, khona-ke kufanele alungiswe. Amagumbi anezitezi zomhlaba noma zokhuni awavunyelwe. Phansi kwakhiwe ngokhonkolo. Ucansi oluhle ayigcini ngokufudumala kuphela, kepha ivimbela namagundane ukuba angene esibayeni, okungadala ingozi engalungiseki enyonini.
Laz Yenziwe ohlangothini oluseningizimu, umgodi kufanele uvalwe kahle ngomnyango futhi ungabude obungu-5-8 cm ukusuka phansi. Ukuphakama komgodi kungama-30-40 cm, nobubanzi buyi-40 cm. Uma idada ligcinwa kudoti, umgodi uyanda ngama-20-40 cm. izinyoni ezikhiqiza kakhulu zidinga ukukhanyiswa okujwayelekile. Ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo kufakwe ezingeni lama-watts ama-5 ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele phansi. Ama-reflector alengiswe kuma-bulbs. Ngokuphathelene ukukhanya kwemvelo, bese kuba ngu-1 sq. m phansi kufanele kube yi-100 cm2 yamawindi. Ebusika, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuyancipha, ngakho-ke amahora okukhanya kwelanga anwetshwa aye emahoreni ayi-12 ngosuku ngenxa ye- ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo.
Yonke indlu yenkukhu kumele ibe nayo izidleke, zenziwe ngepulangwe noma ngokhuni. Amapharamitha wesokhethi ajwayelekile: I-40x50, ukuphakama ngamasentimitha angama-50. Emnyango wesidleke, kwenziwa umkhawulo ka-8-10 cm.Izidleke zibekwa eceleni kwezindonga eziseceleni kwendlu ezindaweni ezimnyama ukuze idada lingaphazanyiswa ezinye izinyoni.
Okuphakelayo kwenziwa ngokhuni, ubukhulu baso bungu-2-2.5 cm.Njengoba izinyoni zivame ukusabalalisa ukudla, kuboshelwa ibha ngaphezulu ukuze idada lingakwazi ukugibela ngaphakathi. Ubude beziphakeli zezinyoni ezindala - 110 cm, kanye nesitoko esincane 100. Ububanzi kubantu abadala amasentimitha angama-23, ngesitoko esincanyana esingu-14.5 cm. Iziphakeli zenziwa ngamagumbi amaningi ukuze kukhishwe okuphakelayo kwamaminerali. Iziphuzo zokuphuza umoya zinconywa kuzo zombili izilwane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala.
I-peking duck iyelulekwa ehlobo qhubeka nokuhamba bese uyishayela egumbini ebusuku kuphela. Ekuhambeni, njengasendlini yenkukhu, zifakiwe abondli, futhi uma kungekho ukufinyelela echibini, khona-ke abaphuzayo... Ukugcinwa kwehlobo kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise izindleko zezimali ngotshani futhi wehlise izindleko zabasebenzi ngeyunithi ngayinye yokukhiqiza.
Endlini yenkukhu akukho okusalungiswa okuvunyelwe... Ebusika, izinga lokushisa akumele lehle ngaphansi kuka-5 ° C. Ukushisa okuphelele endlini yenkukhu 16 ° C, nomswakama we-60-70%. Ngenxa yesembozo esidonsayo, amadada abekezelela isithwathwa futhi agcina ukushisa ngokunganaki imizimba yawo. Amazinga okushisa aphansi awabekezeleleki kahle uma inyoni inezimpaphe ezingcolile. Ukuhlanzeka kwamadada kuxhomeke esimweni sendlu, okumele ihlanzwe njalo futhi ikhishwe emoyeni. Njengoba okombhede ojulilefuthi usebenzise sawdust, utshani, shavings nefilakisi. Udoti ojulile ugcina isimo sezulu esivamile sendlu, ubamba umswakama kahle futhi ukhiqize ukushisa ngenxa yokonakala kwezinto eziphilayo. Ama-20 kg kadoti ekhanda ngalinye ngonyaka. Izinga lokubekwa ngesikwele esingu-1. m: Abantu abadala aba-2-3 noma amakhanda ama-6-8 ezilwane ezisencane.
Ngaphezu kokugcinwa kwangaphandle, amadada asePeking angatshalwa ezinkanjini. Amaseli abekiwe endlini ezigabeni eziningana, phansi kwenziwa ama-slats noma i-mesh ukuze imilenze yenyoni ingangeni emigodini. Ngalokhu okuqukethwe, amadada adla kahle, ahamba kancane futhi akhula ngokushesha, okwenza kube lula ukuthola inzuzo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izici zohlobo
Isisindo esibukhoma sikaDrake - 3.6-4.2 kg, amadada - 3.4-3.9 kg. Ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala, izilwane ezisencane zinesisindo esingu-2.2-2.6 kg. Amadada aqala ukubeka amaqanda emavikini angama-23, isikhathi sokubeka izinsuku ezingama-42, ukuqina 85-88%. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - amaqanda 100-140 ngonyaka. Amaqanda amakhulu - 85-90 g. Usayizi weShell - 0.38 mm. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu kugcinwa iminyaka engu-2-3. Okudingekayo kwansuku zonke kokudla kwekhanda eli-1 kungu-340 g. Isivuno sokuhlatshwa - 67%. Ukushisa komzimba 42.2 ° C, amadada aphefumula ngemvamisa yokunyakaza okuphefumulayo okungama-30-34 ngomzuzu. Amadada ama-5 abelwe idrake e-1, i.e. umndeni uqukethe abantu abayisithupha.
Ukuzala nokondla
Lapho wondla idada lePeking, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke izici zesakhiwo salolu hlobo. Amadada ase-Peking ashesha umzimba... Amathumbu amancane asiza ukumunca ukudla ngokushesha (emahoreni ama-4). Njengoba kunikezwe la ma-nuances, le nyoni kumele ihlinzekwe ngokudla njalo, nakho okufaka isandla ekutholeni kwesisindo ngokushesha.
Ukukha amadada kahle khula ekudleni komhlaba nokuhlanganiswa okuphakelayo. Isilinganiso sokuphakelwa emanzini yi-1k4. Umuntu omdala oyedwa ngosuku unesilinganiso selitha elilodwa lamanzi. Izinyoni ziyazwela ukondla izinguquko nokuphazamiseka kokuphakelayo.
OKUBALULEKILE! Ngoshintsho olubukhali ekudleni kwamadada asePeking, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kungancipha bese kuqala i-molt ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukondla kwenzeka kathathu ngosuku. Ukudla okumanzi kunikezwa ekuseni nantambama, nokusanhlamvu kusihlwa, ngokuya ngezinkambiso nezabelo zokudla. Mash zilungiswa ngaphambi nje kokondla futhi zinikezwa okusha, akunasimo lapho kufanele wondle ukudla okumuncu. Ngesikhathi sokudla, inyoni kufanele ibe mahhala ukufinyelela emanzini... Ngokwesilinganiso, idada ngosuku kufanele lithole u-80 g wama-oats, u-75 g webhali, u-60 g we-bran, ama-40 g wezinyosi zefolishi, i-15 g yamalenti noma uphizi, ama-40 g wemifino, i-11 g yokudla kwezilwane, i-4 g yokudla kwethambo, i-9 g kashoki kanye no-1 g usawoti wetafula.
Ukondla amaphuphu kuqala ngemuva kokuthi izimpaphe zomile. Ezinsukwini zokuqala nikeza iqanda eliqoshiwe elibilisiwe, kungenzeka ngokufakwa kwe-cottage shizi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa okuphakelayo kokuqala kanye nemifino eqoshiwe yethulwe ekudleni. Udinga ukondla izingane okungenani izikhathi ezi-5 ngosuku. Njengokugqoka amaminerali, amagobolondo amaqanda asemhlabathini afanelekile. Ukukhula okuncane kufanele inikezwe izithasiselo zamavithamini.
OKUBALULEKILE! Ukudada amadada kuyizikhukhukazi ezingazalwanga kahle, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuzala amachwane ngendlela yemvelo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-incubator ukuzalanisa.
Izifo nokunakekelwa
Yize iqiniso lokuthi amadada amaPeking ayizinhlobo eziqinile, zisengathinteka kwabanye izifo.
I-Avitaminosis
Nini ukushoda kwamavithamini izinyoni ziba lethargic, isifiso sokunyamalala siyanyamalala, ukuhlangana kokuhamba kuyaphazamiseka, ukukhula kuhamba kancane, amaphiko ayawa, amehlo ayavuvukala, amajaqamba avele bese kuphuma uketshezi emakhaleni. Ukuntuleka kukavithamini D kungaholela kuma-rickets. Ukudla okunomsoco okuwukuphela kwendlela yokulwa nokushoda kwamavithamini, futhi uma inyoni iba nezimpawu zalesi sifo, lapho-ke kukhona ukushoda kwanoma iyiphi into ekudleni.
Izifo ze-Goiter
Imbangela yalesi sifo kungenzeka ukudla okunamathelayo, ukungeniswa kwezinto zangaphandle noma ukudla okukhulu. Uma inyoni ingasizwa ngokushesha, khona-ke lesi sifo singangena esigabeni esingalapheki futhi i-goiter izoyeka ukuncipha. Uma i-goiter ivinjiwe, kufanele uzame ukuyisula ngokwakho, ubambe idada ngemilenze ubheke phansi. Uma inkinga inkulu, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ushayele udokotela wezilwanengubani ozovula i-goiter.
ICoccidiosis
Ukuthelelekaokuholela ekukhathaleni, ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, ukungathandi ukudla, kanye nokuchitha igazi, indle ebandayo. Idluliselwa ngemishini yokudla neyokudla. Umuntu wokuqala onesifo kumele ahlukaniswe nomhlambi jikelele. Ukuvimbela i-coccidiosis, i-coccidin ne-sulfadimezin zengezwa emanzini. Indlu yenkukhu ethintekile khipha amagciwane ngesisombululo se-formalin esingu-3% kanye nesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
I-Aspergillosis
Lesi sifo sihlasela kakhulu amadada futhi singaholela kwesikhulu ukuwa kwentsha... Nge-aspergillosis, amadada anenkinga yokuphefumula, kuvela isifuba, kukhishwa uketshezi emlonyeni, izinyoni ziyagwinya umoya, isifiso sokudla siyancipha, ukukhula kwehla, ukukhubazeka kwemilenze noma amaphiko kungenzeka. Ukuqeda lesi sifo, zonke izinsalela zokudla nezokulala ziyalahlwa, imishini kanye nendlu yezinkukhu kubulawa amagciwane. Okuphakelayo kuyangezwa nystatin, nasemanzini isisombululo esingu-0.05% i-sulfate yethusi.
I-Pasteurellosis noma ikholera
Lesi sifo, yize singejwayelekile, sinzima kakhulu. It idlulisiwe ngokusebenzisa umoya, okuphakelayo kanye nokusungula. Ngesifo sekholera, amadada awabi nandaba, izinga lokushisa komzimba liyakhuphuka, ukoma kuyavela futhi isifiso siyanyamalala, ukukhishwa okunamanzi, izitulo ezixegayo ezinegazi kuvela emakhaleni. Izinyoni ezinegciwane ziyabulawa, lapho zihlala khona kubulawa amagciwane. Izinyoni ezinempilo kepha ezixhumana nazo nabantu abanegciwane, i-biomycin inikezwa, bese kunikezwa i-sulfadimezin.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zohlobo lwe-Peking duck
Izinzuzo:
- Kuhle shintsha esimweni sezulu esibandayo.
- Zihluke phezulu ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi.
- Abangahloniphekile ku ukondla.
- Asikho isidingo esiphuthumayo sokugcinwa kwesondlo amadamu.
Okubi:
- Amadada awajwayele ukuqandula.
- Ugule futhi bawe ngezinyawo zabo ngobumanzi.
Ukudada idada - Lesi ngesinye sezinhlobo zenyama ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezingathobeki. It has a high umkhiqizo futhi kuhle izimfanelo zenyama... Ilungele ukuzalaniswa kwezimboni nezasekhaya, futhi ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, isikhathi senzuzo sehliswa kaningana uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.
Izibuyekezo
IPeking Duck iyindlela engcono kakhulu uma ufuna ukuzala uhlobo lwenyama yenkomo. Isidumbu esishubile inesisindo esingu-2-2.5 kg. Inyama encane imnandi kakhulu futhi ayinzima. Amaphesenti amafutha ajwayelekile, kukhona okuncane kwawo futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, inyama ayomile. Kungcono ukuchamisela ku-incubator, ngoba awukho umqondo ovela enkukhu. Ngokwesilinganiso, amatshwele ayisishiyagalombili anempilo futhi asebenza kahle aqanduselwa emaqandeni ayi-10. KU-IN Ukudla kwamadada okuphekiwe akufanele kukhawulwe, kodwa futhi akudingekile ukunikeza ukudla okuningi, ngoba bathanda ukukuphonsa nxazonke. Amanzi kufanele kube njalo, futhi uma kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukuyikhiphela echibini. Uma uzizalela wena, ngakho-ke ngokuwa ungathola idada eligcwele, elilungele ukuhlatshwa.
Amadada amahle amhlophe amaPeking asephenduke uhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu ngabalimi abaningi. Bona azidingi izindleko ezikhethekile yokondliwa nokondliwa. Amadada anika unyaka Amaqanda ayi-120ezifakwe ngokuphelele. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbili isisindo se-weft isivele ifinyelela ku-3 kg. Okuphakelayo kudliwa ngokulinganisela, futhi uma uthenga ama-feeder anamuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzoncishiswa kakhulu. Izinyoni zibekezelela kahle amazinga okushisa aphansi, nasendlini yenkukhu efakwe ngci kufanele ushise kuphela emakhazeni amakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kunenzuzo enkulu ukukhulisa amadada asePeking, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokushesha futhi ngemali encane nokunakekelwa.