Ukukha isixha sika-anyanisi oluhlaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuyajabulisa. Kumnikazi wendlu yezwe noma ikotishi lasehlobo, ukuthola uphaphe lwezinto eziluhlaza kulula. I-polycarbonate greenhouse izosheshisa inqubo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zika-anyanisi ezinikeza imifino eminyene
Izinhlobo eziningi zokuqala zinikeza imifino eminyene. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu - izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinikeza inani elikhulu lezimpaphe ngesizini ngayinye nezinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-shallots:
Chipoluccio
I-Chipoluccio ukuvuthwa kokuqala, i-shallot enezithelo. Imifino ngemuva kokutshala inganqunywa ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3. Ipeni linokuqala ukunambitheka okubabayo... Isisindo se-bulb sifinyelela kuma-50 g.Isikhathi esikhulayo izinsuku ezingama-70.
Okungokwasezulwini
I-Aristocratic - shallots. Kusuka ku-bulb eyodwa yokuhlwanyela esidlekeni, kwakhiwa izingcezu ezintsha ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12, ezinesisindo esisuka ku-50 kuye ku-100 g. Abantu babiza lolu hlobo ngokuthi uhlobo lomndeni.
Izinhlobonhlobo ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ama-full-botlalo avuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-70. Sika imifino isilungile emavikini amane.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Aristocratic zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imifino ngezinga lezimboni.
IsiRashiya esidala
I-Russian yakudala (ebomvu, ephuzi) - uhlobo lwe-shallot. Ikhiqiza uphaphe oluhlaza olunamandla, olukhanyayo olunengubo emhlophe. Izinto zembewu zigcinwa kahle futhi isikhathi eside (iminyaka emi-2). Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nezifo eziningi zezitshalo ezinkulu. Kwakhiwa izingcezu ezifika ku-10 esidlekeni.
Ukuzala kungokwemifino kuphela, njengoba imicibisholo ingakhiwa. Abalimi bezingadi babheka lolu hlobo okungabizi kakhulu ukuphoqa imifino... Ama-shallots asikiwe aselungile ezinsukwini ezingama-20-30 emva kokutshala.
Lilac liyakhala
Chive khothama Lilac ukukhala kuyinto 7 kg yemifino ngesizini ngayinye kusuka ku-1 sq.m. umhlabathi. Izinhlobonhlobo zivuthwa kusenesikhathi; lapho zikhule emhlabathini ovulekile, ukusika kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20. Ukusikeka okuningi kwenziwa ehlobo. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nesithwathwa.
UStuttgarten Riesen
I-Stuttgarten Riesen iyinhlobonhlobo ekhiqiza kakhulu, ekhiqizayo enokuzivikela okuhle ezifweni eziningi. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuphezulu.
Uma kune-primordia engu-4-6 embewini kusuka ku-1 sq. m uthole kuze kufike ku-15 kg yemifino.
Ngisiphi isikhathi esihle sokutshala u-anyanisi kwimifino ngaphandle
Ekusetshenzisweni kwasekhaya, itheniphu yemifino ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile kakade ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, inqobo nje uma umhlaba usufudumele futhi izinga lokushisa kwalo ebusuku nasekuseni alikho ngaphansi kwezinga-12.
Ngezinhloso zokuthengisa, imifino yetheniphu itshalwa endaweni yokugcina izithombo. Uma kukhona ukufudumeza lapho, ukuphoqa kungenziwa unyaka wonke.
Into esemqoka oyidingayo ukuthola ipeni:
- imbewu ephezulu;
- i-substrate evundile;
- ukuchelela;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu;
- ilambu langemuva.
Isivuno esigcwele sezimpaphe eziluhlaza sitholakala ngamahora ayi-12 emini. Ngokutshalwa kokushisa, khetha izinhlobo ezinesikhathi esifushane sokulala.
Ngamahora amade emini, izinga lokushisa lomoya elilungile 18-22 degrees... Isivuno sincipha emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Amazinga aphezulu okushisa komoya anciphisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ungayitshala kanjani i-sevok kahle
Kunezindlela ezifakazelwe zokutshala imifino yetheniphu. Abalimi abanolwazi basebenzise ngempumelelo izindlela zokutshala:
- umgandayo;
- iteyipu.
Ngaphezu kwendlela yokutshala, khetha indawo efanele bese ulungisa inhlabathi evundile (i-substrate) ngaphambi kokutshala noma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka.
Ukukhetha indawo yokukhulisa
Lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala izithombo kumifino, cabanga ngemigomo yokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo.
Tshala emva kwezitshalo:
- ukhukhamba;
- i-zucchini;
- amathanga;
- iklabishi;
- utamatisi;
- amazambane.
Emthunzini, u-anyanisi ukhula kabi, uphaphe luphaphathekile futhi luzacile. Kungcono ukuhlela ama-ridges endaweni evulekile, enelanga... Ngesikhathi sezimvula, akufanele kube khona ukumiswa komswakama kuso.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi efanelekile yokutshala
Silungisa umbhede wokutshala ekwindla ngaphambi kokutshala. Thola ubumuncu bomhlabathi. Nge-acidity eyengeziwe, engeza ufulawa we-dolomite... Ukusetshenziswa - 50 g-per sq. U-anyanisi uthanda inhlabathi evulekile ene-pH engu-6.5 kuye ku-7.5.
Ekwindla, ukumba, letha:
- Humus ½ ibhakede;
- I-Superphosphate 2 tbsp. l;
- I-potassium chloride 1 tbsp. l.
Ukusetshenziswa kubonisiwe ngesikwele ngasinye. Bamba inhlabathi ngama-20 cm ngefosholo noma ngogandaganda ohamba ngemuva. Entwasahlobo, bamba futhi futhi wenze urea 10 g-skwele. Izinsuku eziyi-7 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, nisela igeji ngesisombululo i-sulfate yethusi... Thela amalitha ayi-10 wamanzi enkomishini yokuchelela bese uncibilikisa ama-20 g omuthi okuwo.
Ukutshala u-anyanisi ngokuphoqa uphaphe
Ukukhula okuhle okuluhlaza kuzonikeza imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme.
Ama kufanele agcinwe egumbini elifudumele kuze kube yilapho utshala. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu sevka engadini, zidinga ukuhlungwa. Lahla amakhophi alimele. Hlunga ngosayizi. Ama anikeza isivuno esikhulu sezimpaphe kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 cm ububanzi, isisindo kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-40 g.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ngaphambi kokutshala ukwenza imisebenzi eyandisa isivuno, isheshise ukuhluma:
- Izinto ezikhethiwe kufanele zimanziswe futhi, kungakapheli amahora angama-48, zigcinwe egumbini elifudumele ezingeni lokushisa lomoya lama-degree angama-25.
- Ubude bekota nqamula iziqongo eduze kwama-bulbs.
- Chaza u-30 g we-ammonium nitrate kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi afudumele (ama-degree angama-35), wehlise ama-bulb kuwo amahora ayi-16.
Cishe ukusetshenziswa kwe-sevka yendlela yebhuloho 13 kg nge-sq.m ngayinye... Ukusetshenziswa kuphezulu, ngoba ama anamathele enhlabathini ngokuqinile komunye nomunye. Ama-aisles awakhiwe. Izinzuzo zale ndlela zisobala:
- indawo yokufika iyasindiswa;
- onke amandla esitshalo aya ekwakhekeni kophaphe.
Indlela yebhuloho ilusizo ikakhulukazi ekukhuleni anyanisi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Indlela yeteyipu ifaka phakathi ukwakheka kwemisele ngezikhathi eziyi-10 cm... Ama afakwa emiseleni ngokuqinile komunye nomunye noma nge-indent encane ka-1-2 cm. Imisele imbozwe ungqimba oluncane lomhlaba (2 cm).
Imithetho yokunakekela
Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwesitshalo ngaphandle kungukuthi ekuniseleni okulungile... Uma ingekho, uphaphe luyababa futhi luzacile. Ngokuya ngokweqile, ama abola, isivuno siyahlupheka.
Ukugcina umswakama odingekayo, cabanga ngesimo sezulu bese uhlola umswakama wenhlabathi ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ayi-3. Kunconywa cishe ukuthi unisele amahlandla ama-2 ngesonto lapho imvula ingekho.
Nisela kusihlwa kuphela. Lokhu kuzosusa ukushisa okungadingekile kwenhlabathi. U-anyanisi awathandi amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Uma inhlabathi ilungiswe kahle futhi igcwaliswa ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali, ukondla kungeqiwa. Ngendlela yokutshala ibhande, khipha umhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa, susa ukhula.
Uzovuna nini u-anyanisi oluhlaza
Kuvunwa ngokuya ngobude bophaphe. Umsele wonke uzoba nezithombo zobude obufanayo uma imbewu yayisayizi ngaphambi kokutshala bese kutshalwa izithombo zohlobo olufanayo.
Kuwo wonke amabanga, izidingo zobude bezimpaphe ziyafana. Usayizi kusuka ku-24 kuye ku-42 cm... Lapho lobu bude bufinyelelwa, izimpaphe ziyasikwa ukuze zithengiswe noma zisetshenziselwe umuntu.
Awudingi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo ukuthola uphaphe lwemifino yokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuphoqa i-turnips yemifino ngesilinganiso esikhulu, kufanele uhlole amakhono akho ngevolumu encane. Khetha izinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu, yazi ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela izinto zokutshala kanye nenhlabathi. Ngendlela elungile, impumelelo iqinisekisiwe.