Lapho ukhula utamatisi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nakuma-hotbeds, kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo ezimelana nomswakama ophezulu kanye nezifo zefungal. Lezi zidingo zifezekiswa ngotamatisi wohlobo lweSugar Bison. Sizokhuluma ngokwengeziwe ngencazelo nezimpawu zayo.
Incazelo nezimpawu zenyathi yoshukela wetamatisi
Izinhlobonhlobo zingumphumela wokusebenza kwabalimi basekhaya. Amasiko ahlukahlukene abamba ukushisa abhaliswa ngo-2004. Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuthakazelisayo nezimfanelo zayo zentengiso, utamatisi usuthandwa kakhulu ngabanikazi bemizi yangasese ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukutshala imifino kungenziwa cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe, ngoba lesi sitshalo sibekwe njengendawo yokubamba ukushisa. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe, abalimi abanomdlandla bajwayele ukutshala utamatisi omkhulu endle.
I-Sugar bison isitshalo esinqumayo esinenkathi ekhulayo yezinsuku ezingama-90-100. Ukuphakama kwesiko kufinyelela ku-1.6-1.8 m, enikezela ngenqubo yokubopha. Isici sezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa kwamatamatisi kusenesikhathi isivuno esikhulu, isilinganiso esingu-8-12 kg sisuswa ku-1 m2.
Izici ezimfushane zombungu:
- umumo - okwenhliziyo;
- umbala - okusajingijolo pink;
- isisindo - 250-350 gr .;
- injongo - amasaladi, ukwenza amasoso, amakhekhe, amalungiselelo ebusika.
Isikhumba setamatisi siqinile, siphakathi nendawo. Ngenxa yale khwalithi, ukulondolozwa okuhle kwezitshalo nokuthuthwa kuyaphawulwa.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Umbono ojwayelekile katamatisi weShukela Bison ungafingqwa ngokuzijwayeza ngobuhle nobubi bawo. Phakathi kwezici ezizuzisayo:
- ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi (ngemuva kokuvuna, ungasebenzisa umbhede wensimu ukutshala ezinye izitshalo zokuqala zokuvuthwa);
- isivuno esiphezulu ngokungaguquguquki;
- ukunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa, okukhona kukho kokubili ubumnandi nobumuncu obuncane;
- ukusetshenziswa jikelele kwezithelo;
- amasosha omzimba aqinile, azibonakalisa ekumelaneni nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Uhlangothi olubuthakathaka isikhala esilinganiselwe sezitshalo ezikhulayo (ngaphansi kwesembozo). Azikho izikhalazo ngokuthengiseka nokunambitheka kukatamatisi.
Izidingo zenhlabathi yokutshala utamatisi
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ngomumo noma ekhethekile yamatamatisi. Ingxube yenhlabathi ingalungiswa ngokuzimela ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu zomhlaba we-sod, 1 ingxenye ye-peat, ingxenye eyodwa ye-humus (umquba). Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa iziqukathi, inhlabathi kufanele ifudunyezwe kuhhavini noma ithelwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate yokuhlushwa okuphansi ukuze kubulawe amagciwane kwimvelo.
Lapho ukhula utamatisi endaweni abamba ukushisa, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi (okungenani ama-30 cm) minyaka yonke. Ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela, kunezimo ezihle ezithuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwefungus kanye namagciwane ayingozi. Zonke izinto ezincane eziphilayo ziyanqwabelana emhlabathini, okunciphisa isivuno sesizini entsha. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sendlala esusiwe, kuthululwa entsha, equkethe inhlabathi evundile (inhlabathi yensimu), i-peat, i-humus. Le nqubo ithuthukisa izakhiwo zenhlabathi, ikhulise ukuzala kwayo.
Utamatisi yisitshalo esiphendula kahle kumanyolo, ngakho-ke entwasahlobo, izinto eziphilayo (i-humus, umquba, i-mullein noma isisombululo somquba wezinkukhu, umlotha wezinkuni) namaminerali (i-ammonium nitrate, i-superphosphate, i-potassium phosphate) ifakwa emhlabathini. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kuzodingeka ukhiphe amagciwane. Ngalokhu, isiza siniselwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-sulfate yethusi. Ungaphatha futhi inhlabathi ngamanzi abilayo.
Utamatisi uthanda inhlabathi evulekile yesakhiwo esikhanyayo, enothiswe ngezinto ezincane nezincane. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande futhi kuqinise amasosha omzimba. I-medium kufanele ibe ne-acidic kancane noma ingathathi hlangothi.
Imithetho yokuhlwanyela
Imbewu itshalwa ezinsukwini ezingama-60-65 ngaphambi kokudluliselwa kwezithombo embhedeni wokushisa. Bangcwatshwa u-1.5 cm enhlabathini enomswakama, bafafaze ingaphezulu nge-peat. Isikhawu esiphakathi kwembewu singama-3-5 cm. Ingaphezulu lesitsha limbozwe ngengilazi noma ukugoqwa kwepulasitiki. Ekushiseni kuka-22-25 °, izithombo zizovela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7.
Lapho nje amahlumela evela ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba, udinga ukuhlela kabusha ibhokisi endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle enombuso wokushisa:
- emini - 18-20 °;
- ebusuku - 14-16 °.
Ama-degree ancishisiwe afaka isandla ekukhuleni okulungile kwezithombo. Egumbini elishisayo, amahlumela azomisa nje, futhi ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, iziqu zawo zizoba mncane.
Ukuhlwanyela kuvame ukuhlelelwa ukuphela kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahora okukhanya kwelanga awenele uhlaza olujwayelekile, ngakho-ke, kufanele kufakwe isibani se-fluorescent ngenhla kwebhokisi elinezithombo.
Kufanele ukuchelela izithombo kancane usebenzisa ibhodlela le-spray. Kulokhu, udinga ukuzama ukungatholi amanzi kwimifino. Esigabeni sokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ama-2-3, ukukhiwa kwezithombo kwenziwa. Kubalulekile ukudlulisela izimpande esitsheni esihlukile nesigaxa somhlaba ukuze ungazilimazi. Isonto ngemuva kokukhethwa, kufakwa okokuqala. Okwesibili, inhlabathi ithuthukiswa ngomsoco ngesonto ngaphambi kokufaka izithombo kabusha. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukujwayela ngokushesha imvelo entsha.
Isonto ngaphambi kokudlulisa izithombo ku-greenhouse noma embhedeni ovulekile, udinga ukukhipha izimbiza zikatamatisi emoyeni omusha (noma ngaphansi kwesembozo) nsuku zonke ukuze uqine.
Ukufakelwa kabusha utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Izithombo zidluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokufudumala kwenhlabathi kuze kufike ku-16 °, kanti amazinga okushisa ebusuku ngeke awe ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C. Kunoma ikuphi, ngaphambi kukaMeyi 10 (emzileni ophakathi nendawo) lokhu akufanele kwenziwe, amathuba okuba nesithwathwa sasebusuku aphezulu. Ekuqaleni, umbhede ungambozwa ngefilimu ngenetha lokuphepha.
Utamatisi utshalwa ngokohlelo:
- isikhawu emigqeni phakathi kwezithombo singama-40-45 cm;
- ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingama-50-60 cm.
Ukujula komgodi kungamasentimitha angama-25. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, i-peat nomlotha wokhuni kuthelwa emigodini (ingilazi e-1 lilinye).
Lapho utshala utamatisi endaweni abamba ukushisa, kuyabonakala izimo ezifanayo, kepha isikhathi sokudluliswa kwezithombo sinqunywa ngokuhlukile... Udinga ukugxila ezingeni lokufudumala kwenhlabathi. Isikhombi akufanele siwele ngaphansi kuka-15 °, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo lwempande ngeke lukhule ngokujwayelekile, oluzobeka isikhathi sokuvuna emuva. Kufanele futhi uvikele ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa amakhulu, okujwayelekile ngoMashi - Ephreli, lapho inkomba yasemini ifinyelela ku-30 ° nangaphezulu, kanti isikhathi sasebusuku sehlela ku-12-14 °.
Ukunakekelwa okuhlukahlukene ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha
Ukunisela
Ukunisela emva kokutshala kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-3-5. Ukunisela, kusetshenziswa amanzi afudumele afudumele, okungcono imvula noma ukuncibilika. Ezinhlelweni zokunisela, i-drip nangaphansi komhlaba zifaneleka kakhulu. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokufafaza, umswakama womoya uyakhuphuka, ongashukumisa ukukhula kwesikhunta.
Ukhula nokhukulula
I-Sugar bison iphendula kahle emhlabathini ovulekile, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuchelela, udinga ukugcizelela ungqimba olungaphezulu ngokujula kwama-5-7 cm.Ngemva kokuxegiswa, inhlabathi izofudumala kangcono, okuba nomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni kwesihlumela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwenziwa ukhula, okungumthombo wokutheleleka ngezifo zefungal, futhi futhi kunomthelela ekwandeni komswakama womoya. Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, ukukhululeka kufanele kwenziwe isikhathi esisodwa ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10.
Ngokushesha nje lapho isihlahla sakhiwe, inani lezinqubo liyancipha ukuze lingalimazi isitshalo ngenkathi kwakhiwa izimbali nama-ovari.
Imbotshana
Ngemuva kokulima inhlabathi, umbhede kufanele uhlanganiswe. I-mulch ebekwe ungqimba okungenani lwe-4-5 cm igcina umswakama ngaphakathi kwenhlabathi, okunciphisa inani lokunisela. Kukhona nokwehla kwezinga lokukhula kokhula. Kusetshenziswa utshani obomile, i-peat noma i-mulch yokufakelwa njengaphansi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, utamatisi udinga umanyolo owengeziwe ongu-2-3. Owokuqala wenziwa emavikini amabili ngemuva kokufaka izithombo embhedeni wensimu, owesibili - ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, owesithathu - esigabeni sokwakhiwa kwamaqanda amaningi. Umanyolo wemvelo namaminerali usetshenziswa njengokudla.
Ukwakhiwa kukaBush, ukucinana
Isihlahla siphakeme, ngakho-ke sidinga ukwakheka. Ngokuvamile, kukhethwa indlela yesiqu esingu-2. Ukudla emadlelweni nokuhluma kwandisa isivuno. Ngemuva kokuthi isithombo sifinyelele ekuphakameni kwama-30 cm, i-garter yenziwa ku-trellis noma olunye uhlobo lokusekelwa.
Amaphutha wokunakekelwa okuvamile
Phakathi kwamaphutha ajwayelekile enziwa abalimi lapho benakekela utamatisi, okulandelayo kugqame:
- ukutshala okuminyene kwezithombo (inani lezithombo zezinhlobonhlobo zeShukela Bison yizitshalo ezi-3-4 nge-1 m2);
- ukuchelela okuningi noma okuvamile (kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwefungus);
- ukudluliswa kwezithombo emhlabathini obandayo (ukuthuthukiswa kokudubula kuvinjelwe);
- ukondla kakhulu utamatisi (ama-ovari angadilika kusuka kokuningi kwezakhamzimba futhi amaqabunga abe phuzi).
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Utamatisi umelana kakhulu nezindawo ezinomswakama, okunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka ngefungal. Kepha izinambuzane nezifo kungadala izinkinga ngisho nasesitshalweni esiqinile.
Isitha esikhulu sikatamatisi yi-greenhouse whitefly... Ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela, kunezimo ezihle zokukhiqiza nokuzondla izinambuzane. Yize usayizi omncane, umonakalo wesitshalo ungalungiseka. Uma kutholakala i-parasite, kufanele kwenziwe ukwelashwa nge-Confidor.
Uma utamatisi utshalwa ngaphandle, abavukuzi be-thrips kanye ne-nightshade bangahlasela nensimu. Kunconywa ukuthi ulahle izinambuzane ezisabalalisa ngokushesha ngosizo lweBison.
Lapho uhlaziya izidakamizwa, kufanele unamathele esilinganisweni esinconyiwe ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo nempilo yabantu.
Kulezi zifo ezikhona, ukubola okunsundu kwezithelo kuyingozi ku-Sugar Bison... Uma kutholakala inkinga, utamatisi othintekile kufanele asuswe ehlathini alahlwe ngokushiswa ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kulungiswe ukukhulelwa (ukunciphisa inani le-nitrogen), kanye nombuso wokunisela (ukunciphisa umswakama wenhlabathi). Esinye sezizathu zokuthuthuka kokubola okunsundu ukukhanya okunganele, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukubheka ukuqina kokukhanya kubamba lokushisa nobude bamahora emini. Uma imisebenzi efakwe kuhlu inganikanga imiphumela emihle, udinga ukwelashwa ngesinye sezidakamizwa: i-Hom, i-Oxis, i-Barrier, i-Zaslon, njll.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo abuthathwa njengobunzima. Kodwa-ke, labo balimi abebelima imifino ezindlini zokugcina izithombo isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka bazokwazi ukudala izimo ezifanele zokuthola izithelo ezinkulu, futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zeShukela Bison.