I-sweet pepper Volovye indlebe ingenye yezinhlobo ezifunwa kakhulu futhi ezithandwayo ezitshalwa ngabalimi baseRussia ezindaweni zabo zomhlaba. Idizayinelwe izindlu zokugcina izithombo zefilimu nenhlabathi evulekile, inika isivuno esihle esimweni sezulu esipholile sezwe lethu. Akumangalisi ukuthi abalimi batshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo ukuze zithengiswe, futhi abalimi be-amateur bayinika izindawo ezinhle kakhulu kusayithi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngencazelo, izici zobuchwepheshe bezinhlobonhlobo zepelepele elimnandi i-Volovye indlebe, izici zokulinywa nokugcinwa kwayo, kanye nobuhle nobubi.
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo zezindlebe zezinkomo zezindlebe
Indlebe kaPepper Volovye ingeyezinhlobo zaphakathi nesikhathi sonyaka, isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuvuthwa okuyizinsuku eziyi-112-130 kusukela kwavela amahlumela okuqala, noma cishe izinsuku ezingama-70 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile. Isihlahla esiqinile singakhula sibe ngamasentimitha angama-75-80, sakhe umqhele osakazekayo nenqwaba yamaqabunga. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa, ungathola isivuno esingafika kuma-2.5-3 kilograms. Isivuno singavunwa kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinhle.
Izithelo ziluhlaza okomnyama ekuvuthweni kwezobuchwepheshe futhi zibomvu ngokujulile uma sezivuthwe ngokuphelele. Upelepele ohlanganisiwe onethiphu ekhonjiwe ungafinyelela kubude obungu-15 cm kanye nesisindo esingu-170-200 amagremu. Ubukhulu bodonga bungamamilimitha ayi-6-8 ngokwesilinganiso, uginindela mkhulu futhi unamanzi amaningi. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kunoshukela, kunothile, kepha ngaphandle kobumunyu obutholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zikapelepele. Kukufanele kahle ukudla okuluhlaza (ukwenza amasaladi nama-smoothies wemifino) namathinini (ukugqokwa okuhlukahlukene, i-lecho, amalungiselelo emifino).
Ubuhle nobubi
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zale pepper elimnandi kukhona:
- ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu;
- ukuthuthwa okuhle;
- ithuba lokugcina isikhathi eside;
- ukumelana nezifo eziningi zikapelepele;
- umkhiqizo ophezulu;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- ithuba lokudla okuluhlaza nokucubungula ukudla okusemathinini.
Okubi kufaka:
- ukumelana okuphansi namakhaza nesithwathwa (entwasahlobo, izitshalo ezincane ziyafa lapho kubanda emoyeni nasemhlabathini);
- isidingo sokukhanya kwelanga (isitshalo kufanele sikhule ezindaweni ezinelanga noma ezinomthunzi omncane);
- ukungabekezelelani kokushisa (emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-30-32 degrees endaweni abamba ukushisa, izimbali kanye ne-ovary encane iqala ukuwa);
- isidingo sokunisela ngokungabi khona kwemvula (ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ngokufafaza, ngemuva - empandeni).
Izici ezikhulayo
Njengopelepele omningi, indlebe ka-Ox ikhuliswa kusetshenziswa izithombo. Isici esiyinhloko salezi zinhlobonhlobo ukuthi amahlumela awakubekezeleli ukufakelwa njalo, ngakho-ke ukuntywila.
Lapho kukhuliswa izitshalo ku-greenhouse, zidinga ukuhlinzeka ngokungena komoya omusha nokuzivikela ekushiseni ngokweqile (izinga lokushisa egumbini likhuphuka ngaphezu kwama-27-28 degrees).
Futhi emva kokutshala engadini, izihlahla kufanele ziniselwe njalo, uthukulule umhlabathi obazungezile, uqothule ukhula futhi usebenzise ngezikhathi ezithile umanyolo (okungcono okuphilayo).
Ukukhethwa nokutshalwa kwembewu
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu emabhokisini esithombo, adinga ukulinganiswa futhi alungiselelwe. Ungaqala wonke umsebenzi wokutshala izithombo ngomhla ka-10-20 kuMashi. Ukulinganisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezithombo, ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi wandise kakhulu ukuhluma (kopelepele kungama-50% kuphela). Ukulungiswa kwembewu kunezigaba ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlunga imbewu... Izinto zokutshala zifakwa emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa imizuzu embalwa. Ukutshala, kusetshenziswa lezo zinhlamvu kuphela ezicwila ezansi kwesitsha ngamanzi. Zonke ezinye azikufanele ukuhluma - zisuke zomile ngokweqile noma zingathuthuki kahle.
- Cwilisa. Izinsuku eziyi-3-4, imbewu kufanele ifakwe emanzini afudumele (26-28 degrees). Ungafaka i-cheesecloth ngezendlalelo ezi-2-4 endishini eyisicaba, uthele amanzi afudumele amancane ukuze i-gauze imanzi kahle. Beka imbewu phezulu bese ushiya izinsuku ezimbalwa (kubalulekile ukufaka amanzi afudumele ngesikhathi ukuze i-gauze enembewu ingomi). Esikhundleni samanzi, ungasebenzisa isisombululo esibuthakathaka kakhulu se-potassium permanganate.
- Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi. Ngezithombo, ungasebenzisa futhi inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ethengwe esitolo, kodwa kungcono ukuthatha umhlaba endaweni lapho kuzotshalwa khona upelepele. Udinga ukungeza isihlabathi emhlabathini ngesilinganiso se-5: 1 ne-2-3 izandla zomlotha wokhuni. Umhlaba kufanele ufakwe kahle futhi ushiywe izinsuku ezimbalwa endaweni efudumele ukuze ufudumale.
- Ukutshala imbewu. Kungcono ukutshala imbewu ngokushesha, kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ibhajwe kamuva. Ngemuva kokutshala imbewu, amabhokisi angavalwa ngaphezulu ngefilili bese efakwa endaweni efudumele (izinga lokushisa akumele libe ngaphansi kuka-20-18 degrees).
- Ukuncipha. Uma izithombo sezihlume kakhulu, kufanele zisuswe, zisuse amahlumela abuthakathaka. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-4-6, kungakuhle ukwengeza umhlaba ebhokisini ukuze amahlumela aqine. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlinzeka izithombo ngokukhanyisa okwanele, ngaphandle kwalokho zizokhula zibe zide (noma zivele zife zilulekele ekukhanyeni).
Izici zokunakekela izihlahla ku-greenhouse nasensimini evulekile
Izithombo zitshalwa ekuqaleni - maphakathi no-May kuphela ngemuva kokumiswa kweqhwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokushisa lomoya ebusuku akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-degree ayi-18, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqabunga amancane entekenteke angaqina. Uma inhlabathi ingafudunyezwanga ngokwanele, izihlahla ezincane zikapelepele zingagula, okusho ukuthi isivuno ngeke sibe sikhulu kangako.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi isihlahla sisakazeka ngamagatsha namaqabunga amaningi, izitshalo kufanele zitshalwe ngezikhala zomugqa ezingama-60 cm kanye nebanga elingu-50 cm komunye nomunye.
Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe njalo, ikakhulukazi uma ihlobo lomile:
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nokwakhiwa kwe-ovary yokuqala - ngendlela yemvula (ukufafaza amanzi phezu kwezihlahla nama-aisles);
- ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kuze kube sekupheleni kokuthela - empandeni.
Ngokunisela, ungathatha amanzi ngokushisa okungenani ama-25-27 degrees.
Upelepele ungafakwa nge-superphosphate kanye nezinto eziphilayo - udaka noma izinkukhu ezifakwa ezinkukhu. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kungakuhle ukufaka umanyolo onzima ukuze uthole isivuno esihle.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana ngokuphelele nezifo eziningi ezingathinta zombili izithelo. Kanjalo nesiqu sesitshalo noma impande yaso.
Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ukumelana okuhle nezifo ezifana ne-verticillosis ne-phytoplasmosis.
Noma kunjalo, izitshalo azikwazi ukumelana ngempumelelo nezinambuzane ezinjenge:
- i-aphid - ingabhujiswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa ama-insecticide;
- i-spider mite iyanyamalala ngemuva kokufafaza ngesisombululo sesepha yokuwasha ngokufaka igalikhi nejusi lanyanisi;
- ama-slugs anqunu awathandi uthuli kagwayi nesinaphi;
- I-Colorado amazambane beetle - ingahle ifafazwe nge-celandine tincture.
Abalimi nabalimi abaningi bokuzilibazisa batshala upelepele wensimbi yezindlebe minyaka yonke. Ekubuyekezweni kwabo, ababheki kuphela ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokuguquguquka kokuhlukahluka. Isivuno esikhulu, ukumelana nezifo, isikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa, ikhwalithi enhle yokugcina nokuhanjiswa - lezi yizimfanelo eziyinhloko ezithandwa yizo zombili izakhamizi zasehlobo namapulazi ahloniphekile.