Izinkukhu uLeghorn (Leghorn) - uhlobo olukhiqizayo lwesiqondiso samaqanda, okokuqala okwazalelwa e-Italy. Namuhla, lesi yisisekelo sokwakha ukwehluka kwezinhlobo zamaqanda embonini yezinkukhu ethuthukile. Kunemibala engaphezulu kwengu-20 yezimpaphe zezinkukhu zaseLeghorn, kufaka phakathi ezimhlophe, ezihlukaniswa ngomkhiqizo wazo nokungathobeki. Imigqa yezinhlobo iyaqhubeka ithuthukiswa futhi ikhuliswa.
Ukubukeka, incazelo nesithombe
ERussia, ikakhulukazi amaLeghorns anezimpaphe ezimhlophe afuywa. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi izinhlobo zezinkukhu ziyathuthukiswa, kunezinyoni ezinombala onsundu, omnyama, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-motley, izimpaphe zegolide. Izimpawu zokubukeka kweLeghorn zifaka:
- usayizi omncane nesisindo;
- umzimba mpo ngesimo blade;
- umzimba side;
- ikhanda linosayizi ophakathi nendawo, uhlobo lwenhlamvu efana neqabunga lumile emaqhude futhi lilenga ezinkukhu, izindlebe ezimhlophe noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amacici abomvu;
- iris yamehlo ezinkukhu ezindala iphuzi ngokukhanyayo, kubamele abancane bombala we-orange omnyama;
- ithuthukiswe isifuba esiyindilinga;
- emuva ngqo;
- isilinganiso sobude bomlenze ezinkukhu ezindala;
- abasha banesikhumba esiphuzi, kanti abadala banemibala yenyama;
- umsila omude obanzi weqhude engela elingu-40 ° emzimbeni;
- izimpaphe ziminyene.
I-Temperament - kukuphi okungcono ukuhlala ehokweni noma ekuhambeni
Izinkukhu zohlobo lweLeghorn ziyasebenza, zihlala zihamba. Kunconywa ukuba abagcine esibayeni benethuba lokuhamba. Usayizi omncane wezinyoni uzokonga isikhala lapho ukhetha isibaya. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokugcwele endaweni yokuboshwa, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ukufinyelela emoyeni omusha nokukhanya. Izinkukhu kufanele ziphile zihlanzekile. Esibayeni kufanele ifakwe ama-perches, ama-feeder, izidleke.
Ngokuhamba, indawo encane ebiyelwe ngenetha yanele. Ukuphakama kocingo akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-1.5 m ukuze izinkukhu zingandizi ngaphezu kocingo. Ukuhamba kudinga abaphakeli nabaphuzayo. Esikhathini esifudumele, izinkukhu zingcono ngokuba ngaphandle. Bathanda ukumba phansi befuna izikelemu, amatshe amancane. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi utshani bukhule endaweni ebiyelwe. Uma kungekho, khona-ke izikhathi eziningana ngosuku izinkukhu kufanele zondliwe ngeziqongo ezivela ku-izaqathe, ama-beet nezinye izimila. Ngenkathi ebandayo, inyoni igcinwa esibayeni.
Okubalulekile!Lapho ingekho indlela yokuhamba izinyoni ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo, kufanele kube namathileyi anamatshe amancane esibayeni. Izinyoni ziyaziphuca ukuze zigaye ukudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu ku-goiter.
Izinkukhu ze-Cage Leghorn zivunyelwe. Lokhu kuzokonga isikhala, into esemqoka ukuthi ikheji elihlomile alinyinyitheki. Ngenxa yesisindo esincane, izinkukhu azizwa zingakhululekile phansi enetheni. Kufanele ithambeke, futhi izitsha zeqanda ziyadingeka ngaphandle kwekheji. Ibanga phakathi kwezinduku zenetha kufanele lanele ukuthi inkukhu inamathisele ikhanda layo lapho bese ilikhipha ngokukhululeka. Amakheji kufanele ahlanzwe ukugwema ukuqubuka kwezifo.
Izinkukhu zezimboni noma zokuzilibazisa
Izinkukhu zohlobo lweLeghorn zivamile ekufuyeni izinkukhu emapulazini ezimboni emazweni ahlukene. Izimboni ezingaphezu kwama-20 ezizalisayo kulo lonke elaseRussia zibandakanyeka ekuguqulweni nasekudalweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zalolu hlobo, njengeLeghorn ebomvu, ensundu iDalmatian.
Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kuvumele izikhukhukazi ukuthi zizalele amaqanda ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-200 ngonyaka. Ngokuzalisa amaLeghorns ayidingi isikhala esiningi nokuphakelayo... Ngakho-ke, namuhla ibhizinisi lokufuya izinkukhu ngenzuzo liyathuthukiswa.
Emapulazini ezimboni, amaLeghorns atshalwa emakhejini, atholakala emigqeni esibayeni. Ama-antibiotic nama-hormone angasiza ekubhekaneni nezifo ezibangelwa ukuminyana nokungcola. Kodwa-ke, kuzo kukhona ukuchithwa kwezinyoni, okubandakanya ukukhipha. Ezimweni zezimboni, izinkukhu zaseLeghorn zikhuliswa unyaka bese zihlatshwa ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
AmaLeghorn ngemuva kwamagceke
Ngenxa yokuthi azikho izindleko eziqinile zokugcina izinyoni, zikhuliswa ngisho nangabathandi bezinkukhu abonga kakhulu, izibuyekezo zabo zingatholakala ngezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungagcina amaLeghorns ezindlini zezinkukhu nezinye izinkukhu.
Uma ngenhloso yokuhweba bekhulisa izinkukhu zohlobo lweWhite Leghorn, emakhaya bathanda izinyoni ezinemibala ehlukene yezimpaphe. Lezi ikakhulukazi izinkukhu ezinsundu, ezibonakala ngamaqanda amakhulu. Ukukhiqiza kuncane, kepha ngaphandle kuyathakazelisa kunama-leghorn amhlophe, aheha abathandi bezinkukhu. Phakathi kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zeLeghorn, ezinsundu zihlala ngaphezu kwama-60%. Zisabalele ngenxa yokufunwa kwamaqebelengwane amaqanda ansundu.
Izendlalelo ezinsundu zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwekunomhlophe. Izimo zokudla kufanele zigcinwe ngokuqinile; uma kwenzeka kwephulwa, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kubuyiselwa isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkukhu ezinjalo zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zithole izifo.
Izici zabantu ngabanye
Isisindo sesikhukhukazi seLeghorn sisuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-2 kg, abesilisa besisindo esingu-2.3-2.7 kg. Baqala ukubeka amaqanda ezinyangeni ezi-4-5, ukhiqize amaqanda angama-200-250 ngonyaka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube izingcezu ezingama-300 noma ngaphezulu. Amaqanda ezinkukhu ezinonyaka owodwa anesisindo esingaphakathi kwama-60 g, igobolondo limhlophe qwa.
Iqanda elinesisindo esingu-454 amagremu labekwa yinkukhu yaseBlanche Leghorn ngo-1956. Igobolondo lalo laliphindwe kabili, futhi kwakukhona izikhupha ezimbili.
Izinga lokukhulelwa kwamaqanda lingu-95%. Amachwane azalwa eqinile, izimpaphe zivela emavikini amabili. Ukuze kwakhiwe iqanda elilodwa esikhukhukazi esibekwayo, kusetshenziswa u-130-150 g wokuphakelayo. Asikho isazela sokuqandula. AmaLeghorn adla kusuka kokungu-110 kuya ku-130 g kokuphakelayo ngosuku... Akunakwenzeka ukukhombisa isibalo esiqondile, ngoba, ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinkomba, izinkomba ziyahlukahluka. Ukukhulisa izinkukhu kuze kube amasonto ayi-18 ubudala, udinga ukusebenzisa u-6-7 kg wokuphakelayo.
Izinhlobo zokuzala
I-leghorn emhlophe
Lezi zinhlobo ziyehluka ngokuthi zingaphila ezifundeni eziseningizimu nasenyakatho, ngenxa yekhono lokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo. Kodwa-ke, izinkukhu ze-White Leghorn zivame ukukhuliswa ezindlini zezinkukhu, futhi kudalwa izimo ezifanele lapho, ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu.
Inkomba.Izinkukhu ezimhlophe zaseRussia ziyefana nezimila ezimhlophe. Lezi zakamuva zazalwa ngokuwela iLeghorns. Ziyafana ngokubukeka nezici eziyisisekelo. Kepha abamhlophe baseRussia bayaphumelela ngenxa yesimo esithuthukisiwe sokufukamela amaqanda.
Izinkukhu zohlobo lweWhite Leghorn azithobeki ekudleni nasezimweni zokuboshwa. Lapho zikhuliselwa inzuzo, zigcinwa emakhejini amancane ngaphandle kokuhamba. Ngenxa yokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kohlobo, i-White Leggorn iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-200 ngonyaka, okuletha inzuzo enkulu kubafuyi bezinkukhu ezinkulu. Izinkukhu zalolu hlobo zibeka inani elikhulu lamaqanda hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwawo, kepha futhi ngoba zinikezwa ukondla okwenziwe. Lokhu kugqokiswa kubulala umzimba wenkukhu, ngakho-ke izinkukhu azigcinwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. AmaHormone, ama-antibiotics asiza ukuze aphile ezimweni eziminyene nezinodaka. Ebhizinisini, into eyinhloko ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, ngakho-ke ama-specimens azama ukuqandusela amaqanda ayabhujiswa.
Ama-leghorn amancane
Le nhlobo yemifino ibizwa ngezinkukhu ze-B-33 noma izinkukhu ezimhlophe. Izinyoni zibukeka zincane ngenxa yokuthi zithwala isakhi sofuzo se-dwarfism. Isisindo seqhude sisuka ku-1.4 kg kuye ku-1.7 kg, izinkukhu zikala ngaphansi kuka-1.4 kg. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda nezinga lokusinda kuphezulu, njengakuwo wonke amaLeghorns. Izinkukhu ezindala zimhlophe, izinkukhu ziphuzi.
Ama-leghorn amancane, naphezu komsebenzi wawo, awadingi isikhala esiningi sokuwagcina, amakhefu e-aviary alungele bona. Izinkukhu ezincane zisebenzisa ukudla okuphansi kunezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezinobukhulu bazo ngamaphesenti angama-35 - 40. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkukhu kuhamba kahle, abesabi amazinga okushisa e-subzero.
Ama-leghorn amancane ahlukaniswa ngobungani bawo komunye nomunye, azwana kahle nezinye izinyoni. Ukuzala kwamaqanda kulezi zinhlobo kuphakeme kakhulukunamanye amaLeghorns futhi angaphezulu kwama-95%. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi wama-mini-cockerels. Njengazo zonke izinkukhu zaseLeghorn, izinkukhu ezincane azizaleli amaqanda; awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwesihlanganisi lapha. Isici sohlobo lwe-B-33 ngesikhathi sokufukamela ukupholisa isikhathi eside okuhambisana nosayizi omkhulu wamaqanda.
Ama-leghorn emifino kufanele ondliwe ngekhwalithi nokudla okulinganiselayo. Ukuba khona kohlobo lofuzo oluphindaphindiwe kuguqula izinqubo ze-metabolic, okuphakelayo okungalinganiyo kuthinta kabi impilo yezinkukhu. Ngokuqondene, amaprotheni amaningi ngokweqile ekudleni imbangela yokugoba iminwe ezinkukhu Izinsuku eziyi-8-10 zokuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, balahlekelwa izitho zomzimba bese befa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokudla okungafanele, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ama-leghorns amancane kwehla kakhulu.
Ukudla: izinkukhu, izinkukhu ezindala, ukubeka izikhukhukazi
Ukudla kweLeghorn kufanele kube kusha. Ukudla kufanele kube nokulinganisela ukuze amaprotheni namaminerali afinyelele ezinkukhu ngezingxenye ezilinganayo. Kodwa-ke, imenyu yezigaba ezahlukahlukene zeLeghorns yehlukile:
- Amachwane adinga amaprotheni amaningi ekudleni kwawo. Usuku lokuqala lokuphila, izinkukhu zondliwa ngeqanda leqanda kanye ne-cottage shizi, ngosuku lwesibili, i-millet yengezwe ekudleni. Abanye abalimi bezinkukhu bondla amaLeghorns amancane kusukela ekuzalweni kwabo ngefomula ekhethekile "Start for Layers", engabizi. Eminyakeni engu-4 ubudala, amaphuphu ahlanganiswa nokudla okuluhlaza, njengo-anyanisi, ama-dandelions, izimbabazane. Amagobolondo amaqanda agayiwe nawo ayasiza emzimbeni okhulayo. Ushaki wengezwa ekudleni ngosuku lwesihlanu lokuphila. Ezinsukwini eziyi-10 emva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu adinga ukondliwa kuze kube izikhathi eziyisithupha ngosuku. Lapho zinezinsuku ezingama-21, izinkukhu zidluliselwa ekudleni kwabantu abadala futhi ukudla kudla okulinganiselwe ku-3. Ngokugcinwa kahle nokudla okunomsoco, iLeghorns ayifi, kodwa iyakhula futhi ikhuluphale.
- Ukondla abantu abadala, udinga ukusebenzisa izinto ezilandelayo:
- ukolweni;
- izithako zamaminerali;
- umcako osikiwe;
- ucezu lukashoki;
- ufulawa wethambo.
AmaLeghorn kufanele ondliwe kathathu ngosuku. Ukudla kwasekuseni nedina kuqukethe okusanhlamvu okufana nebhali, ukolweni. Kufanele ukwengeza usawoti omncane, ushoki nezithako ezikhethekile zamavithamini kubo. Isidlo sasemini emashini weLeghorns, lapho kufakwa khona izaqathe, amazambane, ama-apula, iklabishi kanye nezimbabazane, iquinoa. Ungangeza futhi iziqongo ze-zucchini, i-beet ne-carrot. Igatsha kanye nokudla kwethambo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwenkukhu ukuze kuthuthuke ngokugcwele.
- Uma izinkukhu zidinga amaprotheni, izingqimba, ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga izithasiselo ze-calcium nevithamini ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuvamile. Ehlobo, ukubeka izinkukhu kudla amavithamini kusuka emifino, kanti ebusika badinga ukondliwa ngemifino ebilisiwe. I-calcium emzimbeni wenkukhu ibuyiselwa ukusetshenziswa kwamagobolondo agayiwe, amagobolondo amaqanda awasebenzi kahle. Izinkukhu kufanele zibe nokudla okwanele ukudala amaqanda, ngoba lokhu kuyinqubo esebenzisa amandla. Amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile kufanele abekwe eduze kokuphakelayo. Ebusika, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ifudumele. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekwakhekeni kwamaqanda.
Izici zokuqukethwe kweLeghorns
ILeghorn luhlobo lwezinkukhu oluguqulelwa emakhazeni ngenxa yobuningi bezimpaphe. Kodwa-ke, bazalela amaqanda egumbini elifudumele kuphela, lapho izinga lokushisa lingehli ngaphansi kuka-5 C. Okusalungiswa nokugxuma kokushisa okungazelelwe akufanele kuvunyelwe eshedini. Kufanele kube nokulala okufudumele okungu-50 cm ubukhulu obenziwe ngokhuni lwesaha, utshani, ifula ukuze izinkukhu zingaguli futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kwazo kunganciphi. Ebusika, le ngubo izosebenza njengomthombo wokushisa. Gwema ukuqhekeka phezulu.
Umoya wesibaya akumele womilenjengoba kuyingozi ezinkukhwini. Inani eliphansi kakhulu lingaba ngu-45%. Kepha futhi umswakama owedlulele akufanele uvunyelwe. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukungena komoya nokukhanya endaweni lapho kugcinwa khona izinyoni ngokuzihlomisa ngamawindi kanye nokuhlinzekela umoya. Uma amaLeghorn engakhuli egumbini elihlanzekile, khona-ke izimuncagazi zihlala ezimpapheni. Ungabhekana nazo ekhaya usebenzisa iziqukathi zomlotha. Kuphumelela kakhulu ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile ngendlela yezithasiselo zokudla eziqeda izinambuzane. Indawo lapho kugcinwa khona amaLeghorns kumele ifakwe.
Ukunakwa!Ukulala ngokugcwele kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinkukhu. Indawo yokulala kufanele ikhululeke ukuze iqanda libanjwe ngokuqinile yizidladla. Izigxobo kufanele zenziwe ngobubanzi obufanele futhi ziyindilinga.
Ama-perches abekwa kude ngamasentimitha angama-80 ukusuka phansi ohlangothini olubhekene nefasitela. Izidleke zinamathele eduze kwezindawo ezisodongeni.
Izifo nokuthi uzelapha kanjani
Emapulazini ezimboni, kunomsindo okhuphukayo. Lokhu kucasula lesi sifo esivela ezinkukhu zaseLeghorn - umsindo womsindo... Izinhla zingabanjwa ikakhulu yilesi sifo ngesikhathi sokubeka. Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa iqiniso lokuthi izinkukhu ziba nolaka komunye nomunye, ziyamemeza, zishaye amaphiko azo bese zishaya zibheke ezindongeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaLeghorn azilimaza wona nabanye, alahlekelwe ezinye zezimpaphe zawo, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuyawa. Ukuhlaselwa kungenzeka kaningana ngosuku. Esimweni esinjalo, udinga ukwehlisa ngokushesha izinga lomsindo futhi udale izimo ezifanele zokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ngemuva kokubuyekeza incazelo nezimpawu zohlobo lweLeghorn, kuyadingeka ukugqamisa ubuhle nobubi balezi zinhlobo.
Izici ezinhle:
- Ukushesha kokuthomba (izinyanga ezi-4-5), ukukhulelwa okuphezulu (kufika kuma-95%), ukukhulelwa okuphezulu kwezinkukhu (kufika ku-83%).
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu, ukudla okuphansi okuphansi, amaqanda amakhulu.
- Igobolondo linsundu. Esitolo, uvame ukuthola amaqanda amhlophe kuphela, lawo ansundu awavamile ukuthengiswa, athengiswa ngokushesha.
- AmaLeghorn atshalwa ezweni lethu kusuka eCaucasus kuya eSiberia. Izinyoni zibekezelela kalula amakhaza ngenxa yezimpaphe eziminyene futhi zivumelane ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha, zihlukaniswa yisimo esizolile.
Izimfanelo ezingezinhle:
- Izici eziyinyama zezinhlobo azithuthukiswa kahle ngenxa yokwenza kahle ekusebenzeni kwamaqanda
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu phakathi nonyaka, bese kwehla ngokushesha
- Asikho isazela sokuqandula noma isazela somama. Isifakeli (incubator) siyadingeka ukuzala izinkukhu
- Umsindo nokukhanya okukhanyayo kungadala inkukhu evuthayo ejwayelekile kulezi zinhlobo.
Ukubuyekeza
Olga, esifundeni saseVologda Kharovsk
Ngikhulisa amaLeghorns ezinkanjini ezibanzi, lapho zingcono khona. Bahlala nami njengemindeni, ngisho nasehlobo. Angibonanga ukuphatheka kabi komunye nomunye. Ekuhambeni, izinkukhu namaqhude batatazela, bagijime besuka ngapha nangapha, bafuna ukufika endaweni ethile, abazi ukuthi bazoshesha kuphi. Lapho zisesibayeni, izinyoni zizalela amaqanda cishe nsuku zonke. Bacibilikisa kanye kuphela. Isithangami Sezinkukhu
UDaria Rocheva
Ngiyakhumbula ukuthi ugogo wami wayevame ukukhulisa izikhukhukazi zalolu hlobo. Bazalela amaqanda cishe nsuku zonke ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukubukeka kwabo kuhle. Ngicabanga ukuthola amaLeghorns, osekusele ukwakha isibaya lapho izinyoni zizozizwa zikhululeke khona. Umagazini wezinyoni
Pasha838
Wonke umuntu uthi amaLeghorns asephelile ngemuva konyaka, angikubonanga lokho. Izinyoni zami ziyaqhubeka nokundiza ngobuningi bazo, zibukeka zilungiswe kahle. Ngokuqondene nokudla, amagobolondo agayiwe, amabele, amaprotheni ahlala etholakala. Imvamisa nginika izinkukhu imfucuza yasekhishini: kusuka kumadombolo kuya ku-cottage shizi. Ukufuya amaLeghorns ekhaya, udinga i-incubator noma isikhukhukazi esingaqandusela amaqanda eLeghorn. Ukugcinwa kwenkukhu
Ukuzalela izinkukhu zeLeghorn epulazini lasekhaya lomuntu kuletha kuphela izinto ezinhle kumlimi wezinkukhu. Ukukhulisela izinhloso zezimboni nakho kunenzuzo. Ukugcinwa okungenasizotha kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole amaqanda amnandi ngemali ephansi. Ukwanda kohlobo lukuvumela ukuthi uthole amaqanda aqandusayo nezinkukhu ezincane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ngaphandle kwezinkinga.