Ukuhambisana nemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ngokugcwele isivuno esikhulu. Njengezinye izitshalo, utamatisi uvezwa izinambuzane ezingaphikisani nokudla amaqabunga amancane noma isitshalo sezitshalo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womlimi wensimu ukuqaliswa ngesikhathi esifanele kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela kanye nokuphendula okusheshayo ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane.
Izinambuzane main of utamatisi izithombo
Izimuncagazi eziningi zincane, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi azinabungozi. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, umhlambi onesibindi ungabhubhisa yonke ingadi yetamatisi noma zonke izithombo efasiteleni. Ukubambezeleka kokucubungula kwesinye isikhathi kuphuca isivuno. Izinambuzane zihlala kuwo womabili amahlumela amancane nezihlahla ezivuthiwe. Isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kuleli cala asinandaba. Hhayi kuphela ingxenye engenhla yehlathi esengozini, kepha futhi nezimpande. Ngakho-ke, akufanele uphumule kuze kube sekupheleni kokuqoqa imifino.
Lapho izinambuzane eziningana zihlasela utamatisi ngasikhathi sinye, kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngezinqubo eziphindiwe njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10.
Izindlela zokulawula amazambane e-Colorado amazambane
Umthandi wamazambane akazincishi injabulo yokuthuthela engadini yetamatisi. Ingabonakala kalula ngombala wayo wesici (ukushintshana kwemivimbo yewolintshi nokumnyama). Ngokushesha okukhulu, amagciwane abeka izibungu ngaphandle kweqabunga. Ukuqina kokudla imifino kuphakeme kakhulu kangangokuba ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuphela izinsalela zeziqu ezingahlala zisuka engadini. Ingozi yesilokazane nayo iphezulu ngenxa yokuthi ayinazitha emvelweni.
Izinyathelo zokulawula:
- ukuhlangana kwezinambuzane nezibungu ngesandla (kwenziwa nsuku zonke, futhi mhlawumbe ekuseni nakusihlwa);
- ukutshala phakathi kwemibhede yama-marigolds, u-garlic, ama-marigolds;
- ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ngamalungiselelo akhethekile (Aktara, Prestige, Mospilan).
Icubungula utamatisi ngokumelene ne-whitefly
Isinambuzane esincane esinamaphiko amhlophe sihlala ngobuningi ngaphansi kweqabunga. Isibiliboco esiyintandokazi yisiphu semifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimuncagazi zithwala izifo eziningi, zithelele imibhede yetamatisi ngemfucuza. Izihlahla ezithintekayo ziqala ukuphela kancane kancane.
Izinyathelo zokulawula:
- cubungula imibhede nge-infusion kagalikhi;
- ukusethwa kwezicupho (itheyiphu yokunamathela).
IMedvedka
Ukususa inkathazo akulula kangako. Amalungiselelo amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ngokweqile ukuze kungafakwa isitshalo obuthi. Isinambuzane esiminzayo sidla ngeziqu zezithombo, silimaza uhlelo lwempande, izithelo. Utamatisi ubhekwa njengesibiliboco sangempela kumuntu ohlala ngaphansi komhlaba.
Kunezimo lapho ibhere lacekela phansi amasimu otamatisi ngobusuku obubodwa nje.
Izinyathelo zokulawula:
- ukukhishwa ekusetshenzisweni kwe-mullein entsha njengomanyolo, okuheha ibhere;
- ukugcwalisa izimbobo ngamanzi anensipho kulandelwe ukubamba izinambuzane (ungasebenzisa futhi uwoyela we-sunflower, amagobolondo amaqanda agayiwe);
- ukumba isiza ekwindla sekwephuzile kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kwemigodi nasekuqandeni kwama-parasites;
- Ukuhlelwa kwezicupho (ubhiya, umquba, umquba, njll.);
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (iGranula, Rembek, Medvetox).
Isicabucabu
Amachashazi amancane akhanyayo namaqabunga ahlanganiswe nezimbobo zibonisa ukuhlasela kwesicabucabu. Ihlala yonke indawo kutamatisi, yanda ngokushesha. I-parasite inesifiso sokumunca ujusi esitshalweni. Phakathi kwezinye izimpawu: amaqabunga anezimbobo, ukuphuphuma okuphuzi, okugcina kukhubaze iqabunga futhi kuholele ekomeni ehlathini.
Izinyathelo zokulawula:
- ukufafaza imibhede nge-infusion kagalikhi ngokufaka insipho yokuwasha;
- ukucubungula utamatisi nge-dandelion infusion;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezikhethekile (Karbofos, Iskra M, Fufanon).
I-Aphid
Isinambuzane esiluhlaza esimnyama sosayizi omncane kakhulu (cishe u-2 mm) sizinza ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, sizondla ngokuqinile ngamanzi esitshalo. Ama-aphid aheha izintuthwane endaweni yokuhlala, ezidla indle yazo. I-parasite nayo ingabonakala ngokuvela kwesihlahla ehlathini, amaqabunga omile aphuzi, ama-ovari awile.
Izinyathelo zokulawula:
- ukufafaza izitshalo ezithintekile ngokufakwa kwe-anyanisi ikhasi noma ugarlic;
- uthule imibhede ngokhuni lomuthi;
- ukuhlanza isihlahla ngezinambuzane ngesisombululo sensipho yokuhlanza kanye ne-shampoo yezinhlanzi;
- uthuli utamatisi ngothuli lukagwayi;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane (Fitoverm, Karate, Aktellik).
Ama-Thrips
Isinambuzane esincanyana (cishe 1 mm), esifana nokubukeka kovemvane. Idla ubisi lwesitshalo, iphazamisa ukuhamba kwezakhamzimba ngemikhumbi. Ngenxa yokuhlasela kwama-parasites, isiko ekuqaleni limbozwa ngamabala amancane esiliva, athi akhule futhi ahlangane.
Izinyathelo zokulawula iTrips:
- ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela, ukhula oluheha izinambuzane kufanele lususwe ngokushesha emibhedeni;
- ngaphambi kwamaqhwa okuqala, udinga ukumba phansi ukuze ubhubhise izibungu;
- lapho kutholakala izinambuzane, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo akhethekile (i-Vermitek, i-Akarin).
Intambo yesibungu
I-wireworm yisibungu samabhungane okuchofoza, abonakala kalula ngombala wawo osawolintshi futhi aqinile kuhlaka lokuthinta. Ama-parasites adla ezimpandeni zotamatisi, ngenxa yalokho isitshalo siba buthaka futhi sife.
Izindlela zokulawula:
- ukukhishwa kwemishini yezinambuzane lapho umba inhlabathi;
- ukutshala eduze kwamatamatisi, isithombo, iklabishi, itheniphu;
- ukugoqa imibhede ngoseyili noma utshani obumanziswe e-urea;
- ukwelashwa kwemibhede enezidakamizwa (i-Aktara, i-Antichrushch, i-Prestige).
Impukane mpukane
Ukubukeka kwezinambuzane cishe akuhlukile kuzimpukane ezijwayelekile, kepha intshisekelo yalezi zinambuzane igxile ezitshalweni zemifino. Izimuncagazi zilimaza yonke into: imbewu, uhlelo lwempande, amahlumela amancane.
Izindlela zokulawula:
- ukumba ingadi yemifino ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, ukuhlanza zonke izinsalela zezitshalo;
- ukufaka umquba enhlabathini;
- ukwelashwa kwemibhede ngokufakwa ugwayi;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane (Fitoverm, Strela, Bazudin).
Ingadi yesikole
Uvemvane we-bicolor wasebusuku (kamuva isibungu). Ubude besinambuzane bufinyelela ku-3-4 cm, umbala uluhlaza ngokukhanyayo ngomugqa ophuzi we-lateral (isibungu) futhi onsundu ngemibala ehlukene (uvemvane). Izinambuzane eziminyene zidla amaqabunga, ziwadabula ziqhubeke. Izithelo ezingavuthiwe nazo ziyathakazelisa.
Indlela yokulawula:
- njengendlela yokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukumba isiza ekwindla sekwephuzile, ususe ngokucophelela izinsalela zezitshalo kuso;
- ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezithelo, ukwelashwa kwesibulali zinambuzane kungenziwa uma kutholakala isibungu (Inta-vir, Fas, Zeta).
Ngesikhathi sokuthela, izinambuzane azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane, izinto ezinobuthi zingena kutamatisi, okwenza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kungenzeki kamuva.
I-gall nematode
I-parasite iyisibungu se-filamentous, cishe ngo-2 mm ngosayizi. Esinye sezibonakaliso zokuba khona kwe-nematode ukwakheka kwezicubu ezikhulisiwe (galls) ezimpandeni zikatamatisi. Amasiko athintekile asemuva kakhulu entuthukweni. Ezinye izimpawu zikhomba ukushoda kwamanzi namaminerali. Ezimweni eziningi, isitshalo asikwazi ukugcinwa.
Izinyathelo zokulawula:
- njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, i-bleach ingeniswa emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala;
- kungcono ukuhlela umbhede wezitamatisi ngemuva kukagalikhi, u-anyanisi noma i-calendula;
- yenza ukwelashwa ngeFitoverm.
Ukuba nolwazi kusho ukuhloma ngokuphelele. Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwenkinga kuzokusiza uthole ngokushesha ithuluzi elidingekayo lokwelapha imibhede, ngaleyo ndlela ungashiyi ithuba lezilokazane.