Kukhona umbono wokuthi ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kukhethwe kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizoqala ukuthuthukisa ngenhla iziqongo ezivela ekuchichimeni komsoco. Ezimweni ezinjalo, asikhulumi ngesivuno esihle. Izimiso zokwenza ukwakheka komanyolo, lapho kufanele wondle anyanisi nemithetho yokwethulwa kwabo zichaziwe kule ndatshana.
Ngabe u-anyanisi no-anyanisi badinga ukondliwa okwengeziwe?
Ngisho nezitshalo ezingathobeki kakhulu zidinga umsoco owanele. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kunomthelela oqondile enkathini yokukhula, ukwakheka kwezithelo, ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, awudingi ukubuka kuphela izimo zokutshala isivuno, kodwa futhi nokwethula ukudla okuhambisanayo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Okuhlukile komnsalo ukuthi empeleni kumunca zonke izakhamzimba ezisemhlabathiniukumkhipha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa wonke umanyolo.
Phakathi nenkathi, udinga ukondla isiko okungenani ama-2-3 izikhathi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala noma ukutshala entwasahlobo ngoMeyi kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwemibhede ekwindla. Isiza sinothiswe nge-humus noma umquba ngesilinganiso 5-7 kg kamanyolo nge-1 m2.
Uma inhlabathi isinciphile, amaminerali awakwazi ukukhishwa, kufanele avundiswe ngaphambi kokutshala okuthile. Umhlabathi ovulekile kufanele umbiwe ukuze kwakheke ungqimba oluvundile ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho izithombo zezitshalo zezimpande zizovuthwa khona.
Uzovundisa nini futhi wondle nini
Ngemuva kokutshala, ngemuva kwamasonto angaba ngu-2, lapho amahlumela evela ebusweni bomhlaba, udinga ukucebisa inhlabathi futhi uthele umanyolo we-nitrogen ukugqugquzela ukukhula kohlaza. Uma isizini kulesi sigaba ibhekene nomswakama ophezulu, izikhuthazi zamaminerali akufanele zengezwe. Izakhamzimba ezivela ekudleni kwekwindla zanele ngokwanele.
Emasontweni amathathu emva kokuphakelwa kokuqala, ingxenye entsha yezakhamzimba yethulwa ngokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezinto ze-nitrogen, kepha inani elikhulu lama-microelements e-potassium-phosphorus. Le nqubo iyadingeka ukwakha u-anyanisiukuze ihlume kahle futhi ikhule kahle.
Umanyolo uheha izinambuzane, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa, udinga ukuphatha izitshalo ngamakhambi abantu - ugwayi noma umlotha wezinkuni.
Ukushoda kwanoma yiziphi izakhi zokulandela umkhondo ngokushesha kuhambisana nezimpawu ezithile:
- ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen kubonwa ngokukhula kancane, umbala ophaphathekile wezimpaphe, amabala aphuzi;
- indlala ye-potash ivezwa ekwakhekeni kwe-necrosis eziqongweni zezimpaphe ngokuhamba kancane kancane ku-anyanisi;
- Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus kubambezela ukukhula kwesitshalo, kukhulu amabala ansunduisakazeka kulo lonke uphaphe;
- ukushoda kwe-zinc kuyaziwa ku imifino esontekile zisakazeka ebusweni bomhlabathi;
- ukuntuleka kokucasulwa kwethusi ukucheba uphaphe, ukususwa kwe-pigment, ngenxa yalokho imifino ibukeka ifiphele.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zimpawu azizivezi ngokusobala. Ngokushoda kokudla okunempilo indlela edidiyelwe iyadingeka, ngoba umhlaba ophelile untula izinto eziningi ezincane nezincane.
Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho utshala indawo ongayijwayele, kunzima ukunquma inani lokudla okunempilo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanelekile ukugxila ekuziphatheni kwesitshalo ngenkathi yokukhula nokwethula ukudla okuhambisanayo, kucatshangelwa izimpawu.
Kusho ukuthini ukondla entwasahlobo
Uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo lwenziwa kucatshangelwa inhloso yokutshala izitshalo ezinkulu. Indlela elula ukuthola imifino. Indlela edidiyelwe isetshenziselwa ukwakha itheniphu egcwele.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngoMashi), kufanele umbe indawo ekhethiwe. Uma inhlabathi ekuyo iminyene, kunconywa ukuthi ungene kuyo isihlabathi ne-peat... Lokhu kuzokwenza ukwakheka kube lula futhi kwandise ukukhululeka.
Lapho kungekho ukulungiselela kwangekwindla, umhlaba ombiwe uhlanganiswe nengxube, efaka:
- i-humus (5-6 kg nge-1 m2);
- i-urea (20-25 g);
- i-superphosphate (30 g);
- usawoti we-potassium (15-20 g).
Ukucubungula okuyinkimbinkimbi igcwalisa ukungabi namsoco ezindaweni eziphelile futhi kusiza ukunakekelwa kuka-anyanisi wetheniphu.
Anyanisi awasabeli kahle ekwethulweni kwetintfo letinsha letiphilako temvelaphi yetilwane, ngako-ke kudla lokunjalo kufanele kulahlwe.
Ukufaka umhlabathi entwasahlobo kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise:
- humus;
- umhlanga;
- umlotha wezinkuni.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, kunconywa ukungena ukwakheka kwe-nitrogen... Kuyafaneleka ukubambezela ukwelashwa uma kunemvula enkulu, ngoba i-nitrogen iyancibilika emanzini futhi izinzuzo zenqubo azizukubaluleka.
Izinketho ezintathu zonyaka zomanyolo
Indlela 1
- isixazululo samanzi (10 l) ne-ammonia (3 tbsp. l.) - uthele ngokusebenzisa Amaviki ama-2 ngemuva kokwehla;
- amanzi (10 l), i-ammonium nitrate (1 tbsp. l.), usawoti (1 tbsp. l.), i-potassium permanganate (amakristalu ambalwa) - ngokusebenzisa Amaviki amathathu ngemuva kokudla kokuqala;
- amanzi (10 l), superphosphate (2 tbsp. l.) - ngokusebenzisa 4-5 amasonto ngemuva kokudla kwesibili.
Indlela 2
- amanzi (10 l), kusho "Imifino" (2 tbsp. l.), urea (1 tbsp. l.) - amanzi izinsuku eziyi-15 ngemuva kokwehla;
- amanzi (10 l), Agricola 2 (1 tbsp. l.);
- amanzi (10 l), kusho ukuthi "i-Effecton-O" (2 tbsp. l.).
Indlela 3
- cwilisa isinkwa semvuthu (500 gr.) ngamanzi (10 l), engeza utshani obusha obusikiwe (500 gr.) nemvubelo entsha (amaphakethe ama-5 amancane), engeza ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili zokuma;
- amanzi (10 l), nitrophoska (2 tbsp. l.);
- umlotha wezinkuni (250 gr.) Thela amanzi abilayo (10 l) bese ushiya izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Ungamanyanisa kanjani anyanisi ehlobo
Uma isiko litshalwe enhlabathini evundile, liphathwe kahle ekwindla, ngaphandle kwalokho Umanyolo wentwasahlobo we-nitrogen akudingekile ukwethula ukudla okuhambisanayo.
Kwezinye izimo, ehlobo, inqubo ingalithuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuvunwa kwama-anyanisi, ama-batun noma amakhanda we-bulb, ngakho-ke akufanele ukuyeke.
Ngesikhathi sasehlobo (ukuphela kukaJuni - isigamu sokuqala sikaJulayi) kuyawa isigaba sesithathu sokondla... Ukwakheka okusetshenzisiwe kufanele kucebe nge-potassium, i-phosphorus, ithusi nezinye izakhamzimba. Ukunothisa ngezinto ezinemikhondo ebalulekile kunomthelela omuhle ekwakhiweni kwetheniphu ukuze ikhule kahle.
Abalimi bezingadi bavame ukusebenzisa ama-fertilizer ahlanganisiwe, bakhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula. Kuyadingeka ukwethula isixazululo esisebenza emahoreni kusihlwa, okungcono ngemuva kwezulu noma ukuchelela.
Lapho usebenza nezixazululo zezakhi, kufanele ubangenise ngokucophelela emhlabathini. Xhumana nezimpaphe kuzobangela ukuphuzi kwabo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu ekwindla
Ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokufika yesizini entsha kwenziwa ekwindla. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwenza imisebenzi eya ku- ukubulala amagciwane enhlabathini... Ngosuku olwandulela ukwethulwa kokudla okunomsoco, ukuchelela kwenziwa ngesisombululo esikhethekile: amanzi (10 l) nge-sulfate yethusi (15 g). Leli nani lanele ukufafaza u-5 m2.
Ukugqoka okuyisisekelo kakhulu kuka-anyanisi kwenziwa esigabeni sokulungiselela isakhiwo semibhede - ekwindla. Okokuqala, inhlabathi imbiwa futhi kususwe ukhula nezimpande ezindala... I-humus noma izikhala zomquba zifakwa ekumbeni (ama-4-6 kg asetshenziswa nge-1 m2).
Ngokuhlwanyela isethi ye-anyanisi inhlabathi ithuthukiswe ngofulawa we-dolomite (kufika ku-150 amagremu nge-1 m2), ushoki noma i-substrate ekhethekile enganciphisi imvelo ene-asidi. Ngalezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa umlotha wokhuni kanye ne-lime fluff. Ukudla imvubelo akufanele kusetshenziswe.
Emhlabathini ophelile, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise izingxube ze-potash-phosphorus kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Zibuyisa ngokushesha ibhalansi yezakhamzimba. Uma kuhlelwe ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezibomvu nezinoshukela, khona-ke ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe ukwakheka kwe-potassium.
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemixube yezakhamzimba nezixazululo, kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe amaminerali kanye ne-organic, kanye nomanyolo ohlanganiswe kangcono.
Okudume kakhulu:
- i-superphosphate;
- i-fertika (i-granular complex ngokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen okuncishisiwe);
- i-humic "anyanisi, igalikhi";
- i-nitroammophoska;
- i-potassium sulfate.
Ezinye izinhlobo zika-anyanisi zitshalwa ebusika. Kuyadingeka ukucebisa inhlabathi ngezinto ezibalulekile zokulandela umkhondo Amaviki angu-2-4 ngaphambi kokufika... Umhlabathi ovundisiwe udinga ukuma kancane ukuze izinto ezisebenzayo zibe nesikhathi sokuhlangana nemvelo yenhlabathi.
Akufanele ukufaka isicelo ekwelashweni kwasekwindla omanyolo abalandelayo:
- umquba;
- equkethe i-nitrogen.
Lokhu kudla kuzosusa ukukhishwa kwezimpaphe ngaphambi nje kweqhwa, ngenxa yalokho okuzofa isitshalo.
Ukutshala izitshalo ezinkulu ngokudla okuvamile, ungathola isivuno esihle futhi uthole izitshalo zezimpande ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokuphila isikhathi eside.