Umkhiqizi uthathwa njengenhlobo yamakhabe okuvuthwa kusenesikhathi. Idume kakhulu kubalimi ikakhulukazi ngesivuno sayo, ukumelana nezifo kanye nokumuncwa kwesithelo. Kule ndatshana sizokhuluma ngencazelo kanye nezimpawu zomkhiqizi wamakhabe. Futhi funda ngezici zalolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Incazelo nezimpawu zomkhiqizi wezinhlobonhlobo zamakhabe
Umkhiqizi wamakhabe wazalwa ngabantu baseMelika ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Umkhiqizi kukholakala ukuthi inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yekhrimson elimnandi le-Crimson. Umehluko phakathi kwale nguqulo entsha ukuthi uvikeleke kangcono ezifweni ezidumile njenge-anthracnose nokubola, ngakho-ke isivuno saso siphezulu kakhulu.
Umkhiqizi unesisindo esisukela ku-10 kuye ku-20 kg, kuya ngezimo ezikhulayo nobuchwepheshe. Imivimbo ifinyelela ku-30-40 cm. Inesimo se-oval. Amagxolo anesisindo esiphakathi nendawo, anemigqa eshintshayo eluhlaza nelula eluhlaza. I-pulp inombala ogqamile obomvu, ogqamile. Imbewu imnyama phakathi. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, ushukela.
I-Scorik ikhule ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia - eKrasnodar, eCaucasus. Futhi e-Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Tajikistan. Ukutshala kungenzeka kulayini ophakathi nendawo naseSiberia, kepha kuphela ezimweni zokushisa okushisa ngobuchwepheshe bokunisela.
Umlando wokuzala
I-Afrika ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwamakhabe. Kodwa amakhabe adliwayo manje ("amakhumbi") avele okokuqala eGibhithe. Ukusuka lapho, zaqala ukusabalala emhlabeni wonke. Ngekhulu lama-20, ososayensi baqala ukubhekana nobunzima bokwenza amakhabe asebenziseke kalula - ukugcina isikhathi eside ngenkathi kugcinwa ukunambitheka kwawo kanye nokunotha kwawo. AbaseMelika bakwazile ukukwenza ngempumelelo. Yile ndlela ezavela ngayo izinhlobo zokuqala zeCrimson Sweet, futhi kuzo kwavela izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe - umkhiqizi.
Izifunda ezikhulayo: USA, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, China.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izici ezinhle zifaka:
- Limnandi
- Kukhulu
- Iphunga elimnandi
- ivuthwa kusenesikhathi
- Ukumelana nezifo
Okubi:
- Ayinamandla
- Kuya ngezimo zezulu
- kudinga ukuchelela njalo nokunikezwa ukunisela okukhethekile
- ingaphakathi alinaso njalo isikhathi sokuhambisana
Ukutshala imbewu yezithombo
Kungcono ukukhetha imbewu evuthwa kusenesikhathi, enesikhathi sokubuka esimalunga nezinsuku ezingama-90, noma ama-nzalo amelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu esibandayo. Imbewu yezithombo kufanele itshalwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Ingxube ye-sawdust, umhlaba kanye ne-humus kufanelekile njengenhlabathi, ungangeza i-peat. Inani kufanele libe ngu-3: 1. Ukuze ungazihluphi, ungathenga inhlabathi ekhethekile yamakhabe nemithambo esitolo sezwe. Iqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala, imbewu idinga ukulungiswa:
- Faka ingilazi yamanzi ngesisombululo se-sodium chloride esingu-3%.
- Hlanza imbewu esezinze phansi ku-gauze ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo
- yomile.
- fudumeza amahora ama-2 ekushiseni kwama-55-60 degrees.
- bamba i-potassium permanganate isigamu sehora
- faka i-cheesecloth engxenyeni, linda uqhwaku.
Kungcono ukutshala imbewu ezimbizeni ezihlukile ze-peat, ngoba kunamathuba amaningi okulimala ezimpandeni lapho utshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukufika kobuchwepheshe:
- yenza izimbobo esezivele ezimbizeni ezilungisiwe ngomhlabathi
- tshala imbewu emile
- Fafaza.
- Ngokuhluma okusheshayo, vala ngefilili bese ufaka endaweni efudumele.
Ukuhlala emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuze utshale imbewu yamakhabe emhlabathini ovulekile, udinga ukukhetha indawo. Kufanele kube nelanga futhi kufudumele. Anyanisi, utamatisi, iklabishi akufanele zikhule eduze. Futhi, awukwazi ukutshala endaweni lapho amakhabe esevele esekhulile ngaphambili. Okokuqala udinga ukumba umhlabathi, uwukhulule kukhula. Faka umquba nge-sawdust, i-humus.
Ukufika kobuchwepheshe:
- Yenza ama-grooves
- Phakamisa imbewu nge-5 cm ekujuleni kwebanga elingu-2 cm komunye nomunye
- Fafaza ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukunakekela nokulima
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Inyanga ngemuva kokutshala, lapho kuvela khona imvubu, udinga ukufaka umvumba nge mullein (1: 6), superphosphate (1:15). Yenza okuphakelayo okulandelayo lapho sekuvele kukhona amaqanda.
Ukunisela... Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kabili ngosuku ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzokwanela kanye ngesonto. Lapho izithelo zivela, ukuchelela kuyama.
Ukuzinza. Ikhabe lidinga ukushisa njalo. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngama-25-30 degrees.
Ukugunda izinwele. Sika iziqongo zamahlumela ngesikhathi ukuze izithelo zibe zinkulu.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Amakhabe asakazwa yimbewu. Ngokwemvelo, izithelo zingawa, ziqhekeze, futhi imbewu inamathisele phansi.
Amakhabe angenazimbewu asakazwa impova yezinhlobo zikamama nobaba. Azikho izingane zesikhathi eside.
Izici ze-aerotechnics
- Umkhiqizi Wezinhlobonhlobo akanazwela ngokweqile. Kunzima ukuthwala ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, noma yikuphi ukwenganyelwa kokunakekelwa.
- Ukubola kwesiqu okumelana nezifo kanye ne-anthracnose.
- Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu.
- Izinga lokuhluma kwembewu lifinyelela kuma-95%.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngaphandle kokuthi umkhiqizi unamasosha omzimba okubola ne-anthracnoseZiningi ezinye izinambuzane nezifo okufanele wazi.
I-melon aphid... Isinambuzane esiyingozi esithelela iziqu zekhabe. Kuvela kubo amabala amnyama, iziqu ngokwazo ziyagoqeka. Ukuze ulondoloze ikhabe, udinga ukususa ngokuphelele amahlumela anesifo.
Isicabucabu... Njengomthetho, zivela lapho izithombo zisanda kutshalwa. Ubulembu bukhiwa ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, lapho kuhlala khona umkhaza. Isithombo sona siqala ukoma kancane kancane. Ukuze uvikele ukutheleleka kuso sonke isitshalo, amaqabunga athintekile kufanele ashiswe. Futhi fafaza njalo ngokulawulwa kwezinambuzane.
Isikhunta se-Powdery... Uhlobo lwefungus. Iziqu zimbozwe ngamabala amhlophe, zome kancane kancane. Lapho le fungus ivela ekhabe, udinga ukususa iziqu ezigulayo bese ufafaza ikhambi ngokumiswa kwe-caratan.
Ukubola kwezimpande... Isikhunta esibuhlungu emhlabathini. Lesi sitshalo siyabuna futhi sife ngokushesha. Ukuvimbela lokhu, udinga ukuhlola ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi (i-laboratory ekhethekile, njll.)
Ukuvimbela izifo jikelele
Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukufafaza inhlabathi ngesisombululo segciwane.
Hlola izitshalo nsuku zonke, ususe amaqabunga nezifo ngesikhathi.
Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zikhuluma kahle ngalezi zinhlobonhlobo. Okokuqala, ngenxa yesithelo esimnandi futhi esihlwabusayo. Okwesibili, naphezu kokungabekezelelani kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kuqinisile impela. Okwesithathu, ingagcinwa endaweni ebandayo kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha.