Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi eMuscat zidume ngokunambitheka kwazo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Yayitshalwa eGrisi naseGibhithe, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazithandwa kakhulu e-Italy naseFrance. Igama amagilebhisi e-Muscat atholakele ukunambitheka kwe-tart nephunga, okuyinto iberry eliyitholayo ngenxa yobukhona be-musk kuyo. Ngo-1828 walethwa endaweni yaseCrimea, lapho itshalwa khona ngempumelelo ngesikhathi samanje futhi isuselwa ezinhlotsheni ezinhle kakhulu zewayini le-muscat.
Izinzuzo zokukhula kwamagilebhisi eMuscat
Izinhlobo zeMuscat zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali e-thornoid atholakala esikhunjeni sesithelo. Futhi, leli berry liqukethe ama-phytoncides, anomphumela omuhle kwi-microflora yamathumbu nakuhlelo lwezinhliziyo.
Ungalima izinhlobo zezinhlaka ezindaweni ezifudumele, ngoba azimelene namaconsi okushisa.
Kungcono ukutshala entwasahlobo, lapho efihlekile isalokhu ilele. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi uhlelo lwempande lube nezimpande kahle. Kulokhu, amahlumela azothola zonke izinto ezidingekayo ezivela ezimpandeni, hhayi ezintweni ezinqwabelene emvinini.
Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ekwindla, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuzobe sekuvele kukhona amahlumela aluhlaza esihlwanyelweni. Uma isithombo sitshalwe ngokujula okungama-30 cm, entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukususa isendlalelo esingu-15 cm esizungeze isithombo, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha umgodi ozungeze isithombo ukuze izimpande zifudumale kangcono. Umgodi ubuye ulungele ukuchelela isithombo esinonyaka owodwa, ngoba ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe empandeni. Udinga ukunisela isithombo kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi esihlahleni ngasinye ngamabhakede ama-2.
Inqubo elandelayo okufanele ilandelwe ukudubula ukujwayela. Le nqubo iqukethe ukususa amahlumela abuthakathaka. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze isihlahla singadli izakhi zomzimba ezingaphezulu, kepha siwaqondisa kabusha ekukhuleni kwamahlumela anempilo, aqinile. Amahlumela wesobunxele kufanele abekwe phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka ngokhuni olungapheli, selokhu kwasuswa amahlumela aphansi futhi amaqabunga angavuki ahlala njengezithelo zesizini ezayo uma kwenzeka kuvuselelwa isihlahla. Amahlumela asele ngemuva kufanele abekwe ngaphandle kwehlathi. Lokhu, lapho kwakhiwa isihlahla, kuzonikeza ithuba elihle lokususa umkhono.
Ngemuva kokuthi umhlabathi ufudumele kuze kube ngama-degree angama-25 ngemuva kokuchelela, umgodi kufanele ufakelwe isigxobo. Ungasebenzisa utshani kulokhu. Imbumbulu izokwenza ukuthi kube lula ukuvimbela inhlabathi engaphezulu ukuthi ingomi futhi izonikela ekusatshalalisweni komswakama, nokuvikela ukubonakala kokhula.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu
Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-nutmeg, okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- UNovoshakhtinsky;
- Mhlophe;
- Blau;
- Ehlobo;
- Donskoy;
- I-Pleven;
- Ukujabula kweMuscat;
- Madeleine.
UNovoshakhtinsky
Yazalwa ngumfuyi waseRussia uPavlovsky. Kushiwo izinhlobo ezivuthwa kusenesikhathi. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo izinsuku eziyikhulu. Amajikijolo anamanzi amaningi, ayindingilizi, abomvu ngokunsomi ngokubomvu abe yi-cherry. Zinezinhlamvu ezi-3, isikhumba sincane. Amajikijolo awajwayele ukuqhekeka, anokunambitheka kwe-nutmeg ngenothi le-caramel. Ijikijolo ngalinye linesisindo esifinyelela kuma-gramu ayi-10, isisindo seqembu sifinyelela kumagremu angama-500. Iphesenti likashukela ezithelo lingama-30. Libekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa liye kuma - 24 degrees. Isivuno asikwazi ukususwa emvinini isikhathi eside, ngenkathi singalahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwaso.
Indawo ekhulayo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle yilanga futhi ivikeleke emoyeni. Inika isivuno esihle lapho ikhule enhlabathini ye-chernozem ngezinga le-asidi elingathathi hlangothi.
Uma i-asidi yenhlabathi yanda, kuyadingeka ukwengeza umlotha noma umcako.
Isikhathi sokutshala esihle kakhulu intwasahlobo. Ungatshala zombili izithombo nokuxhunyelelwa kwezithelo. Imigodi yokutshala kumele ibe nongqimba wokuhambisa amanzi. Beka imigodi ebangeni elingamamitha amahlanu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Izinyathelo zokunakekela:
- ukuchelela;
- ukukhulula;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu;
- ukwelashwa ezilwa nezilokazane nezifo.
Isengozini yezifo ezinjengalezi:
- ukubola okumnyama;
- ukubola okumpunga;
- i-chlorosis.
Kunconywa ukwelashwa nge-3% Bordeaux liquid.
Izinambuzane ezithinta lomvini yilezi:
- isicabucabu;
- umqulu wamaqabunga;
- umkhaza - ukulunywa.
Ukubhubhisa lezi zinambuzane, izihlahla zifuthwa nge-phytosporin.
Mhlophe
Iqoqo lezinhlobonhlobo Elimhlophe - liyindilinga, isisindo esijwayelekile singu-120 g, yize singafinyelela ku-450 g. Amajikijolo aphakathi nendawo, ayindilinga, anephunga elincane kanye nofulawa omnene. Okuqukethwe ushukela ezithelweni kungama-20-30%. Lezi zinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ngamajikijolo we-waxy.
Izihlahla zamagilebhisi amhlophe zinamandla, zithela kakhulu (kufika kuma-60-100 centres ngehektha ngalinye). Ivuthwa cishe izinsuku eziyi-140, isivuno sivunwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze amajikijolo aqoqele ushukela omningi. Amagilebhisi amhlophe ngokuphelele alungele ukwenza iwayini.
Donskoy
Yazalwa ngo-1946 ePotapenko Research Institute yiqembu labafuyi. Kuyinto ehlukahlukene ye-hybrid yokuvuthwa kokuqala. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-115-125. Amajikijolo anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mnyama, ayindingilizi, amancane, anamanzi anele. Isikhumba siqinile futhi si-crispy. Zinezinhlamvu eziyi-2-3, iphesenti likashukela lifinyelela ku-30%. Ijikijolo ngalinye linesisindo esifinyelela ku-2 gram. Amabhulashi we-cylindrical, ubukhulu obuphakathi, isisindo sebhulashi ngalinye kusuka ku-160 kuye ku-250 amagremu. Imelana nama-degree angama-28 weqhwa.
Inokumelana okujwayelekile nezifo zefungal. Konakaliswe kakhulu yi-phylloxera... Ukulwa nalesi silokazane, kudingeka ukwelashwa ngeConidora. Inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla imbozwe isihlabathi esihle.
Idizayinelwe ukwenza i-dessert newayini elomile.
Blau
Izwe lamagilebhisi yiSwitzerland. Kungokwezinhlobo zokuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni. Amajikijolo aphakathi naphakathi, anomumo oyindilinga, umbala omnyama. Inethambo elilodwa elikhulu. Ubunzima berry ngalinye ngama-gramu ama-5... Izicubu zomumo oyindilinga, ezinesisindo esingu-300 gr, zikhululekile. Ukumelana namazinga okushisa kuze kube -23 degrees.
Ngaphandle kokumelana nesithwathwa, isivuno esiphezulu sitholakala lapho sikhule endaweni yokugcina izithombo. Esinye isizathu esihle sokuthi kungani kunconywa ukuthi sikhule ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ukuhlasela kweminyovu. Uma isihlahla sikhula emgwaqweni, izihlahla kufanele ziphathwe ngamalungiselelo akhethekile. Ibonisa ukuzivikela okuhle ezifweni zefungal futhi inokumelana okuhle nesikhutha.
Enye inzuzo yezinhlobonhlobo zeBlau ivezwa ngokuthi akudingeki ukuthi ikhethe izindawo ezikhanyiswe ngokugqamile. Ukukhula emthunzini akuthinti ikhwalithi yesitshalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo kungokwemvelo yonke. Bayidla ifresh, futhi bayisebenzisela ukwenza iwayini.
Akuvumeli ukulayishwa ngokweqile komvini ngezithelo. Lapho ulayishwa ngokweqile, ukunambitheka kuyawohloka futhi amajikijolo aba mancane. Ukulinganiswa kwezithelo kuyadingeka!
Ehlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhluma kuya ekuvuthweni, kudlula izinsuku eziyi-110-120... Lomvini uyisihlava esinamandla esinamaqoqo amakhulu ka-600-700 g. Amajikijolo amhlophe qwa, ama-7-8 g amakhulu, ama-cylindrical-conical shape, uginindela uyinyama, unamanzi amaningi. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokugcwele, izithelo ziqukethe ushukela ongu-17-20%.
IHybrid Hybrid imelana nesithwathwa impela, imelana no -23 ° C, inegciwane elihle lesikhunta naphakathi nendawo isikhutha. Uyehluka ekuthuthweni okuphezulu.
Kuyathandeka
Yazalelwa eBulgaria edolobheni lasePleven, yingakho igama layo. Izinhlobonhlobo zisheshe kakhulu, zithela kakhulu, isivuno esihlahleni ngasinye singama-60 kg. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sifinyelela ezinsukwini eziyi-100. Amajikijolo makhulu, aphuzi ngombala, isisindo seberry ngalinye sifinyelela kuma-gramu ayi-10. Ukunambitheka kumanothi ezimbali ezimuncu futhi amnandi, anezinhlamvu eziyi-3-4. Isikhumba siminyene, ngakho-ke siyakubekezelela ukuhamba kahle. Amabhulashi makhulu, ayindilinga, aphakathi nendawo.
Akukhethi ngokukhula. Ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, kunika isivuno esifanayo nasezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle. Impova ayithintwa yizimo zezulu. Uthanda ubuningi bomswakama namaminerali emhlabathini. Ukumelana nesithwathwa - kufika ku -24 degrees.
Sengozini yezifo nezinambuzane. Ukwelashwa kokuvikela kuyimpoqo!
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okukhethekile, ihlushwa izifo:
- i-oidium;
- isikhutha.
Konakaliswe izinambuzane ezifana:
- phylloxera;
- isibungu samagilebhisi;
- iminyovu.
Injabulo
Izinhlobonhlobo zikhula ngokushesha, zingamelana nesithwathwa. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa izinsuku eziyi-115-120. Amajikijolo amnandi, makhulu, aqinile, anombala omhlophe ophuzi. Ubunzima berry ngalinye ngama-10-12 amagremu. Iphesenti likashukela ezithelweni liphakathi kuka-20 no-26%. Amabhansele makhulu, amile okwenziwe ngesigaxa, anesisindo esifinyelela ku-2 kg. Inesivuno esikhulu - amasenti ayi-120 ehektheleni ngalinye
Indawo yokufika kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle yilanga futhi ivikeleke emoyeni. Okuncamelayo kunikezwa inhlabathi ye-chernozem noma i-loam elula. Izihlahla zitshalwa kude ngamamitha angu-4-6 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Inokuzivikela okuphezulu ezifweni, kepha ingalimala yi-phylloxera.
Kuphoqelekile ukuphatha izihlahla kabili ngesizini nge-phytosporin.
Madeleine
UMadeleine ungowamagilebhisi asetafuleni avuthwa kusenesikhathi. Amajikijolo ayindilinga, amnandi, ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga le-nutmeg, ophuzi. Inezinhlamvu eziyi-1-2, okuqukethwe ushukela kumajikijolo kusuka ku-19 kuye ku-21%. Ibhulashi le-tapered elinobukhulu obuphakathi, isisindo esisuka ku-230 kuye ku-270 amagremu.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kubonakala ngezithelo eziphezulu. Noma kunjalo, amajikijolo ajwayele ukuqhekeka nokubola. Kutshalwe kude ngamamitha ayi-1.5 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa okungenani amamitha ama-2. Izinhlobonhlobo azimelene nezifo, kudinga ukwelashwa okuyimpoqo kusuka ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni.
Izinhlobo zeMuscat zamagilebhisi zithola ukuthandwa okukhulu hhayi eCrimea kuphela. Zitshalwa ngempumelelo nakwezinye izifunda. Uma ulandela imithetho yokutshala futhi unakekelwa kahle, ungajabulela ukunambitheka okumnandi kwamajikijolo amasha futhi uphuze ingilazi yewayini elimnandi le-nutmeg.