Amajikijolo amajikijolo athandwa kakhulu athandwa ngabantu abadala nezingane, yingakho atholakala cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo engadini. Kepha ngaphambi kokutshala leli siko, izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zibhekene nokukhetha okunzima kohlobo oluthile. Ukuze wonge isikhala engadini futhi uthole isivuno esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele unake ama-strawberry e-Elsanta. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuchazwa kwalolu hlobo lweVictoria.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-victoria elsanta
I-Elsanta sitrobheli yathuthukiswa eHolland ngo-1981 ngokuwela iGorella neHholide.
Kusukela ngokuzalaniswa kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo, sekube uhlobo lomkhiqizo ojwayelekile futhi kuze kube yilolu suku luyinkomba eyinhloko yekhwalithi.
Izihlahla zesitshalo zikhula zibe ngosayizi ophakathi, ukusabalala okubuthakathaka. Isici esithandekayo ukuthi bambalwa kakhulu amadevu nama-rosette akhiwa kuwo.
Ama-strawberry e-Elsanta mancane, ngokwesilinganiso, elinye lawo linesisindo esingu-45-50 amagremu, ayindilinga ngobubanzi noma ayindingilizi. Ngaphandle, izithelo ezinjalo zibomvu ngokugqamile futhi ziyacwebezela, kanti ngaphakathi zibomvu klebhu futhi zinamanzi amaningi. Ukunambitheka kwama-strawberry anjalo kumnandi, ngomuncu omncane. Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zamajikijolo anjalo kuzoba ukuminyana kwawo, ngenxa yokuthi agcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, futhi ukuthuthwa kwawo akulethi inkinga enkulu.
Ukuhluma kwe-Elsanta kwenzeka ngamagama aphakathi futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele, ukuze kufike kuma-1.5 kilograms amajikijolo esihlahleni esisodwa. Isivuno esivelayo singasetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusha, ukuqandisa nokulungiselela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamalungiselelo.
Ngokuya ngemithetho yonke yokutshala isitshalo, amajikijolo okuqala angavunwa ngesizini elandelayo.
Ukuthola isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu, ukutshala kumele kuvuselelwe kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo azibekezeleli amakhaza nesomiso kahle. Ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, isitshalo esinjalo sizofa uma izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwezinga -14 degrees.
Isifunda Sokukhula Kwemvelo
Uma ucabanga ukuthi u-Elsanta wazalelwa eYurophu, khona-ke isimo sezulu esishisayo noma esishisayo sizoba yizimo ezikahle zokulinywa kwaso.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zizokwazi ukugxila kahle esifundeni esiseningizimu noma enkabeni yeRussia, lapho lesi sitshalo singeke sibonakale emazingeni okushisa abandayo.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isithwathwa esibi kakhulu singeza enkabeni yeRussia, lapho kufanele kufihlwe futhi kuvikelwe khona ama-strawberry.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene:
- amajikijolo amakhulu ngokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu;
- isivuno esikhulu, ngenxa yokuthi i- "Elsanta" ithandwa kakhulu;
- izithelo zikubekezelela ukuhamba kahle;
- Impilo eshalofini lama-strawberry anjalo ekamelweni lokushisa izinsuku ezi-3, futhi uma ufaka amajikijolo esiqandisini, azogcina ukuqabuleka kwawo izinsuku ezi-5;
- i-shrub ayidingi ukondliwa njalo;
- isitshalo asesabi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, indawo yesikhunta kanye ne-verticillosis.
Okubi:
- ukumelana namakhaza amabi, okuvimbela i-Elsanth ukuthi ikhule ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi;
- ukuncika ekuniseleni okuvamile nokuchichimayo;
- ukuthambekela ezifweni ezifana nokubola kwezimpande kanye ne-powdery isikhutha.
Ukutshala nokushiya
Ukuze u-Elsanta anikeze isivuno esihle, kufanele ulandele yonke imithetho yokutshala izitshalo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-sitrobheli kunconywa ukuthi zitshalwe ekwindla, engxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba. Lapho utshala entwasahlobo, kunengozi yokuthola izithelo ezincane.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukulungisa imibhede, ngoba lokhu, umhlaba umbiwe ngokucophelela, ukhula, uqhekeze izigaxa futhi uniselwe kakhulu ngamanzi.
Ngemuva kosuku, ungaqala ukwakha izimbobo nokutshala izitshalo. Abalimi abanesipiliyoni bancoma ukubeka ama-strawberry ngendlela yokuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingamasentimitha angama-40, futhi phakathi kwezimbobo kulayini owodwa lingamasentimitha angama-25.
Laba manyolo abalandelayo bafakwa kumamitha ayi-1 square inhlabathi:
- 3 kilograms womquba obolile noma umquba;
- 10 amagremu we-potassium chloride;
- 30 amagremu we-superphosphate.
Kungcono ukutshala ama-strawberry esimweni sezulu esinamafu, esinemvula.
Inqubo yokutshala uqobo ilula, futhi wonke umuntu angabhekana nayo. Okokuqala, umhlaba uthukululwe ngokuphelele, ngemuva kwalokho bagumba izimbobo ezijule ngamasentimitha angu-8-10 bese bebeka izihlahla lapho. Ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi, ama-strawberry ayaniselwa futhi ahlanganiswe ne-peat, umquba noma i-humus.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Strawberry
Izinhlobonhlobo azibekezeleli isomiso kahle, ngakho-ke umthetho oyinhloko lapho utshala la majikijolo uzokwanela futhi ufike ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokutshala, inqubo iphindaphindwa nsuku zonke, ngemuva kwalokho inani lokuchelela lincishiswa kancane kancane libe yisikhathi esi-1 ngesonto. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo nezomile, u-Elsanthu uyaniselwa kanye ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amalitha ayi-8-10 wamanzi afakwa ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele lokutshala.
Izihlahla kufanele zivikelwe ngokwengeziwe elangeni elishisayo futhi zifuthwe ngamahlamvu emanzini ashisa kakhulu.
Enye inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kuzoba nokukhululeka ngesikhathi esifanele nokususwa kokhula, okwenziwa kanye njalo emavikini amabili.
Abalimi abanesipiliyoni abakukhuthazi ukufaka umanyolo kulezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-sitrobheli, ngaphandle kweminyaka emithathu yokuphila, lapho isitshalo siphelile futhi ngaphandle kokuxhaswa okwengeziwe, ubuningi nekhwalithi yesitshalo kungashintsha kube kubi kakhulu.
- Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ekupheleni kwesithelo sesibili, izihlahla zondliwa ngamanyolo wamaminerali aphilayo futhi ayinkimbinkimbi;
- Entwasahlobo, lapho nje likhithika futhi isimo sezulu sizinzile, i-urea noma eminye imanyolo equkethe i-nitrogen isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwama-strawberry.
Usebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali, kungcono ukuchelela ama-aisles ukugwema ukulimala kwamahlamvu ezitshalo.
Ilungiselela ama-strawberry ebusika
Uma ucabanga ukuthi u-Elsant "akakubekezeleli ukubanda, kufanele kulungiselelwe ukuqala kobusika, ngoba lokhu kwenziwa izinhlobo eziningana zomsebenzi:
- Amahlamvu athenwayo;
- Ukususwa kwezingxenye zezitshalo ezinesifo;
- Ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zezilokazane;
- Ukuxegisa umhlabathi, ngenkathi kungcono ukushiya ukhula endaweni, ngoba ukususwa kwawo kungalimaza uhlelo lwempande lwama-strawberry, okungenzeka lungabi nesikhathi sokululama ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala;
- Ngemuva kwalokho benza ukuchelela okuthe xaxa ngomswakama bese bembesa isitshalo nge-peat, izinaliti, utshani obomile noma amaqabunga;
- Isinyathelo sokugcina kuzoba ukumboza ngqo ama-strawberry.
Kunemibono emibili maqondana nokuthena u-Elsanta:
- Iqembu elilodwa labalimi balibona kungcono ukuthi lingaphazamisi izinqubo zemvelo noma lisuse amaqabunga ngaphambi kokuba kufike ubusika. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zinganikeza indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe yezinso;
- umbono wesibili ngukuthi ukuthena amaqabunga kuvuselela isitshalo kahle futhi kuveze ngaphezulu ngonyaka ozayo.
Ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo ngesikhathi sokuthena, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amaqabunga kanye nezimpondo ze-sitrobheli kuphela okufanele zisuswe ngqo, kanti iziqu kufanele zihlale zinjalo.
Zimboza izihlahla ngemuva kokudlula kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze zikwazi ukuqina futhi zisinde kangcono kwiqhwa lasebusika. Amagatsha esihlahla sonwele, utshani, amahlamvu omile noma okokumboza okukhethekile kungasetshenziswa njengezinto zokumboza. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukunika ukuthanda izinto zemvelo, ngoba umoya ugeleza ngazo, uvimbele ama-strawberry angaboli futhi abole.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-Elsanta sitrobheli iyinhlobonhlobo ye-hybrid, ukusakazwa kwembewu akuvamile ukusetshenziswa, ngoba kulokhu mancane amathuba okugcina izici zesitshalo sabazali.
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo kusuka embewini imi kanje:
- Ekuqaleni, imbewu iyagezwa futhi yomiswe kahle;
- Izinyanga ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, imbewu ibekwa ezitsheni, imbozwe ungqimba oluncane lomhlaba futhi lumanziswe ngokucophelela;
- Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kuzoba nokunisela okujwayelekile nangesikhathi esifanele.
Ukusabalalisa amadevu kulungele kuphela izitshalo ezinamandla nezinempilo. Esihlahleni ngasinye esinjalo, bakhetha amadevu anamandla kakhulu bese bewagoba nge-rosette emhlabathini, wonke amadevu kufanele asuswe. Kuyadingeka ukunakekela ihlumela elinjalo njengesithombo. Izitshalo zingahlukaniswa ngesonto ngaphambi kokufakwa kabusha.
Ekwindla, isitshalo esidala esineminyaka emithathu ubudala sikhishwa emhlabathini sihlukaniswe saba izingxenye eziningana, ngasinye sazo kufanele sibe nesicubu esinempilo esinamaqabunga amathathu.
Akuvunyelwe ukusika nokusingatha izimpande nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Izici ze-fruiting
Izinhlobonhlobo ziletha inani elikhulu lokuvuna, elidumile hhayi ukunambitheka nokubukeka kwalo kuphela, kodwa futhi nangokuqina kwalo okuphezulu. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sinezici eziningi ezengeziwe:
- Ama-strawberry okuqala alezi zinhlobonhlobo anganambitha kakade ekuqaleni kukaJuni, futhi uma unakekela kahle i-shrub, angakuthokozisa ngamajikijolo amnandi amasonto ama-3-4;
- Ukugcina ukuminyana kwamajikijolo, udinga ukugcina umbuso ofanele wokunisela, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokuhluma, umhlabathi ongaphansi kwesihlahla uswakanyiswe kuphela ngemuva kokuba usome kancane;
- Esinye isici ukuthi ngokungabi khona kwelanga, amathiphu amajikijolo awavuthwa futhi ahlala emhlophe.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa kokubili endle nasendaweni ebamba ukushisa, kepha abalimi abaningi bathi lesi sitshalo sithela izithelo ezinhle kakhulu ngaphansi kwesembozo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ingxenye ebucayi kakhulu yesitshalo izimpande, ezingabola noma isikhunta, okuvame ukuthi kube nzima ukusisusa, futhi ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma ukususa ngokuphelele isihlahlana.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zomsebenzi zisebenza njengezinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- ukususwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwamaqabunga amadala;
- ukumba nokushisa izitshalo ezithintekile;
- ukuhambisa ukutshala endaweni entsha njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4;
- ukukhipha ukhula nokugaya okuvamile;
- ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokulungiselela isitshalo ebusika, inhlabathi ezungezile ichitheka ngesisombululo se-Brodsky liquid noma i-emulsion yethusi.
Ingxenye yomhlabathi yezitshalo kuyaqabukela ihlupheka ngezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ama-strawberry e-Elsanta awuhlobo olujwayelekile lwaleli siko lamajikijolo. Ama-pods avelayo anezinzuzo eziningi, futhi ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo akudingi mzamo omkhulu.