Izinhlobonhlobo zikatamatisi weKhokhloma wenkampani yezolimo iGavrish yafakwa kwiRejista Yombuso yeRussian Federation ngo-2004. Ngokuya ngezimpawu nencazelo, kuhloselwe ukulinywa endlini ezingadini zemifino namapulazi.
Izici nokuchazwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zikatamatisi iKhokhloma
Izinhlobonhlobo akuyona i-hybrid, maphakathi nesikhathi sonyaka lapho izithelo zivuthwa khona Izinsuku eziyi-115-120 ngemuva kwamahlumela. Lesi sitshalo asihlali isikhathi eside, side ngobude besiqu esikhulu esifinyelela ku-2 m. I-garter nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla ngokususwa kwezingane zokutholwa kuyadingeka. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu itholakala ngokwakhiwa kwesihlahla setamatisi kwesinye seziqu ezimbili.
Amaqabunga alula, aphakathi nendawo, aluhlaza okotshani ngombala. I-inflorescence yokuqala ivela ngaphezu kweqabunga lesishiyagalombili, bese kuba njalo ngamaqabunga amathathu. Kufika ku-11 utamatisi akhula emabhulashini, awawi.
Izithelo ezinwetshiwe 12-17 cm, bushelelezi, buyindilinga. Utamatisi ovuthiwe unombala obomvu obomvu. Isisindo kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-150 amagremu... Isikhumba siwugqinsi. I-pulp iqinile, ayinamanzi.
Utamatisi ujwayelekile, ulungele ukusetshenziswa okusha kwesaladi nokonga, kulula ukuzifaka ezitsheni. Isivuno semakethe esibhalisiwe 8-10 kg kusuka ku-1 m2.
Ezakhiweni zensimu, utamatisi weKhokhloma utshalwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo; ingahlwanyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ezifundeni eziseningizimu ezinesimo sezulu esipholile.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinzuzo zokuhlukahluka zifaka:
- isivuno esikhulu ezindaweni ezincane, ngokuya ngemithetho ye-agrotechnical;
- ukuthela isikhathi eside kuyo yonke inkathi;
- ukunambitheka okumnandi;
- ukumelana nesifo se-mosaic, i-blight sekwephuzile, i-fusarium, i-cladosporium, amagciwane amaningi;
- ehlukile ikhono lokugcina isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwesethulo nokunambitheka;
- ukuthuthwa.
Ukushiyeka okuyimpikiswano kweKhokhloma kufaka phakathi ukwanda kwabantu, isikhumba esijiyile nezithelo ezingajwayelekile. Akunakwenzeka ukwenza ijusi ngamatamatisi anjalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokufaka isithelo sonke, lezi "zinkinga" ziphenduka zibe izimfanelo ezinhle.
Izidingo ezikhulayo
Ngokuya ngemithetho yokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, abahambi phambili botamatisi abaphambili izaqathe, u-anyanisi, i-zucchini, ukhukhamba, i-dill, iparsley.
IKhokhloma itshalwe endlini ebamba ukushisa. Kungenzeka endle, kepha isivuno sizobe siphansi kakhulu.
Njengoba uhlobo lude, i-greenhouse kufanele ibe nokuphakama okwanele. Ukuze uthole i-garter, kungcono ukusebenzisa inetha le-trellis.
Ukuze uthole isivuno ngoJulayi, imbewu idinga ukuhlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kukaMashi... Imbewu yenkampani yeGavrish inezinga eliphezulu lokuhluma, kuze kufike kuma-98.
I-algorithm ekhulayo imi ngokulandelayo:
- Sihlwanyela imbewu ephethwe kwizithombo enhlabathini emanzi, elula, enomsoco ekujuleni okungama-20 mm. Ukunakekelwa kwezithombo kuyinto ukuncipha, ukunisela nokondla... Sigcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo.
- Sitshuza lapho iqabunga lokuqala leqiniso livela ezitsheni ezihlukile.
- Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokuqala kufaka ukumba ngokwethulwa kwenani elanele lama-humus, umanyolo wezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi nomlotha.
- Sitshala izithombo ezindala Izinsuku ezingama-54-60 ukuthola indawo unomphela ngohlelo 40 * 70 cm, Izingcezu ezi-3-4 nge-1 m2. Sitshala ngo-Ephreli ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kuthi ngoMeyi - emhlabathini ovulekile, lapho kusungulwa umbuso omuhle wokushisa futhi inhlabathi ifinyelela kuma-degree ayi-14.
- Isitshalo esivuna kakhulu sakha ngesiqu esisodwa... Sisusa izingane zokutholwa ezinde ezingama-3-4 cm njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10. Izitshalo sibopha trellises mpo.
- Sisusa amaqabunga aphansi ngaphansi kwebhulashi lokuqala, elilodwa njalo ngesonto, ukuze singathathi ukudla ezithelweni ezivuthayo futhi siqoqe izinhlamvu zezifo emhlabathini.
- Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo ngokwesiko kunezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuxegisa umhlabathi, ukuchelela, ukhula, ukufaka umquba nokufaka imvuthu.
Njengokusetshenziswa kokugqoka okuphezulu ukumnika i-mullein, umquba wezinyoni, umanyolo wamaminerali futhi ulandelele izinto ngokuya ngezinkambiso ngokuya ngemithetho ye-agrotechnical.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, utamatisi uyasabela ekuvundiseni amaminerali ngokuqukethwe kwe-potassium. I-nitrogen ngalesi sikhathi icindezela ukukhula okuluhlaza okotshani kulimaze isivuno. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba nephutha ukufaka izinto eziningi eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwemiphumela eyingozi ye-nitrogen, izinto eziphilayo zinikela ekuthuthukiseni izifo.
Ukuvimbela izifo
Utamatisi weKhokhloma ubhekwa njengokuhlukahluka ngokuzivikela ezifweni nasezinambuzane.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ngemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo. Ukugwema izifo kuzosiza:
- ukukhulula inhlabathi;
- ukukhipha ukhula ngesikhathi esifanele;
- ukuchelela ngamanzi ahleliwe.
Utamatisi uthanda ukuchelela okuningi kepha okungavamile... Ngesikhathi sokuthela, akufanele usebenzise kabi umanyolo we-nitrogen futhi usebenzise umquba omusha.
Kepha futhi izindlela zokuvimbela ngeke ziphazamise, zingokulandelayo:
- udinga ukucubungula izithombo ngengxube engu-0.5% weBordeaux ngaphambi kokutshala;
- Emasontweni amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna izithelo zesitshalo, sebulala amagciwane ngesisombululo se-4 g se-sulfate yethusi ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi;
- engeza umlotha ngezikhathi ezithile ezihlahleni.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Utamatisi oqandisiwe ayikulungele ukugcinwa, ziwohloka ngokushesha.
Ukuvuna kufanele kwenziwe ezingeni lokushisa lomoya okungenani +8 degrees. Ukuqoqa izithelo zokugcina isikhathi eside, sikhetha usuku oluhle. Musa ukuqoqa ngemuva kwemvula.
Ukuze ugcine, udinga ukuqoqa izithelo ezincane, aminyene, akukho monakalo... Kufanele zibe nsundu noma zibe nobisi.
Emabhokisini akhethekile epulasitiki noma ngokhuni yemifino, beka utamatisi ephepheni ngeziqu zawo zibheke phansi, ufafaze i-sawdust. Beka amabhokisi ngaphezulu komunye nomunye egumbini elimnyama, elipholile nomswakama ongaphezu kuka-80%. Igumbi kufanele libe nomoya.
Kuhle uma kunethuba lokuhlukanisa utamatisi ngokwezinga lokuvuthwa. Uma ugcina okubomvu izithelo ezingeni lokushisa lama +1 degrees, nsundu - ezingeni lokushisa lama- +4 degrees, kanye luhlaza okotshani Ku +10, impilo yeshalofu izokwenyuka ngezinyanga ezi-2.
Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, utamatisi uvuthwa kancane. Ukunambitheka kwawo nokwakheka kwawo kwemvelo ngeke kwehluke ezithelweni ezivuthiwe emvinini.
Utamatisi Khokhloma ungowezinhlobonhlobo ezigcinwe kahle ezinokuma okusaqanda namakamelo anezinhlamvu ezincane, kanye nesakhiwo esinyene. Ngokugcina kahle, utamatisi ingagcinwa kuze kube sebusika.
Ingadi ngayinye ikhetha ukuhlukahluka kwayo ngokuzama nokwenza amaphutha. Uma uthanda utamatisi omude ominyene, bheka utamatisi waseKhokhloma. Banethuba lokuthola izithelo zakuqala, nokulondolozwa okulula, nokunakekelwa okulula. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zabizwa ngokuthi "utamatisi kulabo abavilaphayo".