Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwama-champignon nama-oyster mushroom kuyibhizinisi elidumile futhi elinenzuzo. Umkhiqizo omuhle utholakala enkambisweni esezingeni eliphakeme futhi emsulwa ye-mycelium, okuthi, uma ifiswa, ikhule ekhaya. Imininingwane eningiliziwe evezwe esihlokweni iphendula imibuzo yokuthi iyini i-mycelium nokuthi ungayilima kanjani kahle.
Yini i-mushroom mycelium nezici zayo zokusebenza
I-Mycelium noma elinye igama layo, i-mycelium - umzimba we-fungus (i-thallus) ohlwanyelayo -wuhlelo lwemicu yegatsha lekhethelo noma i-hyphae. I-Thallus ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- isisekeloyakhelwe ukunamathisela ku-substrate nokuhambisa izakhamzimba namanzi;
- umoyaukwakha izitho zokuzala ngaphezu kobuso be-substrate.
Inethiwekhi ye-hyphae, eyakha i-thallus, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ingasakazeka emabangeni amade. Ungabona ama-plexuses anjalo emhlabathini ngeso lenyama, abukeka njengembali emhlophe kakotini.
I-mycelium yenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile:
- ikhuthaza okunamathiselwe kwezinto eziphilayo ezingxenyeni zezakhi;
- ngosizo lwama-enzyme, icubungula i-cellulose, ithole kuyo izinto ezitholakalayo zokukhula nentuthuko;
- inomsebenzi ukujwayela imvelo;
- ubamba iqhaza ekuphefumuleni futhi ubhekele ukugcinwa kwezingxabano eziba khona.
I-mycelium isitho esibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphezu kokuthuthwa kwayo nomsebenzi wokudla okunomsoco, inesibopho sokukhiqiza imifino yezinto eziphilayo.
Izinhlobo zama-myceliums nokuthi abukeka kanjani
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-7 zomzimba okhulayo:
- Ifilimu, equkethe ukukhanya, i-hyphae ephothiwe yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukunamathisela ku-substrate nokuthola izakhamzimba kusuka ku-cellulose.
- Intambo, eyakhiwe ngenxa yokwanda kwe-hyphae futhi inesibopho sokunamathisela nokusabalala kwesikhunta ngenxa yegatsha elinamandla.
- Ama-Rhizomorphs yizintambo ezinjengezintambo ezinjengezintambo ezinemibala ehlukene, ezinquma ukumelana kwezinto eziphilayo nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo.
- Rhizoctonia, equkethe ukuqoqwa okuncane kwe-hyphae okuncane futhi okunomoya futhi okusebenzela ukunamathisela nokusabalala kwezinto eziphilayo.
- I-Sclerotia yakhiwa yimicu ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile futhi enamagatsha amakhulu. Njengama-rhizomorphs, kuyasiza ukubekezelela izimo zokuphila ezinolaka.
- I-Stroma akhiwa ezindaweni zokuxhumana nezicubu zesitshalo esiphethe, ezihlanganiswe nazo, futhi kuhloswe ngazo ukugcina izinhlamvu zefungal.
- Umzimba othelayo yindawo yokwakheka nokuvuthwa kwezinhlamvu zefungal.
Ngakho-ke, i-mycelium ukwakheka okuyingqayizivele okubandakanyeka ekusakazekeni, kokudla okunempilo nasekukhiqizeni isikhunta.
Kungani uthola i-mycelium
Inhloso enkulu yokulima i-thallus yile ukuvuna amakhowe adliwayo... Lapho nje abantu bebona ukuthi amaqoqo ama-hyphae enza umsebenzi wokukhiqiza, baqala ukusebenzisa izingxenye zamakhowe asendle ukuzalanisa ekhaya. Kepha umkhiqizo onjalo awukhiqizanga isivuno esikhulu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwenziwe imizamo yokutshala izitshalo zamakhowe ezihlanzekile ukukhulisa isivuno nokusimama kwazo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 eFrance kwakwenzeka ukuthi kutholakale isiko lamakhowe elinjalo, elikhuliswe endaweni eyisisekelo eyinyumba.
I-mycelium ekhulile ikhombise izici ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuthola i-thallus ezimweni zelebhu, kwaba lula ukukhiqiza amakhowe atshaliwe ngezinga lezimboni.
Ungayithola kanjani i-mycelium yekhwalithi
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukulima amakhowe, udinga ukuthola ukuthi ungayithathaphi i-mycelium. Ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu ye-mycelium iyatholakala kumalabhorethri... Umkhiqizo onjalo ungathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile ezinezibuyekezo ezinhle.
Uma ufisa, i-mycelium ingatshalwa ekhaya wedwa, ngokulungisa kahle i-substrate, iqinisekise izimo zezemvelo nezentofontofo. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa lo mbono.
Isidingo esikhulu sokutshalwa ngempumelelo kwamakhowe ekhaya ukuhambisana nezimo zokushisa, ukukhanyisa nokuhlanzeka.
Ukuthola i-mycelium ngezandla zakho kuyindlela efanelekile yabalimi bamakhowe abasanda kuqalwa, ngoba yenza kube lula ukuzama le ndlela ngeqoqo elincane futhi ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphezulu.
Izici zobuchwepheshe obukhulayo
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa i-mycelium ngenhloso yokuzalanisa ama-champignon, ama-oyster mushroom, i-honey agarics ibandakanya ukuqaliswa okulandelanayo kwezinqubo eziningana.
Inqubo yokuqala yokuthola isiko elihlanzekile kusuka ezinhlotsheni ze-champignon isasetshenziswa kabanzi ukulima i-mycelium esezingeni eliphakeme, ebizwa nge-uterine. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi utshale izitshalo ezimsulwa, eziqinile ezinikeza isivuno esihle futhi ezinezici ezinhle kakhulu.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko womlimi wamakhowe ekutholeni i-uterine thallus ngu ukugcina izimo ze-aseptic, ukuze ungatheleleli isiko ngamagciwane amancane akhona emvelweni. Ukuhambisana nalo mthetho kuqinisekisa umkhiqizo wekhwalithi onambitheka omuhle kakhulu.
Izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe noma ingxenye yomzimba othelayo itshalwe kwi-substrate, okuyindlela yokudla engenamsoco i-wort agar, i-oat noma i-carrot agar.
Abezindaba balungiselelwa kumashubhu okuhlola, futhi ngemuva kokuba eseqinile, isiko lethulwa lapho ngensimbi oyinyumba, okungaba yicingo noma inaliti yokuluka enomchilo ekugcineni. Ukuze kugcinwe inzalo, kwenziwa konke ukukhohlisa ngaphezu komlilo.
Amashubhu avalwe ngesivalo esiyinyumba sikakotini-gauze futhi agcinwe lapho kushisa njalo cishe ama-degree angama-24 kungakapheli amasonto amabili kuze kube ukwakhiwa kwe-mycelium egcwele. Isiko lesitoko kumashubhu lingagcinwa isikhathi eside ezingeni lokushisa 1-2 amadigri ngokuvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile (kanye ngonyaka) ukugcina izakhiwo ezinhle ze-mycelium.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola imbewu kusuka kumquba noma okusanhlamvu i-mycelium. Umquba osezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu wakhiwa ngezithako ezilandelayo:
- umquba, mhlawumbe ihhashi noma inkomo;
- utshani;
- i-gypsum;
- ucezu lukashoki;
- urea;
- i-superphosphate;
- ufulawa we-alabhasta.
Isebenziseka kalula njenge-substrate umquba olungile... Ibekwe emathinini amalitha amathathu ngo-2/3 wevolumu, kwenziwa ukucindezeleka phakathi, amathini agoqwe ngesivalo sensimbi esinembobo engu-2-3 cm phakathi. Umgodi uvalwe ngesivalo sikakotini-gauze kanti iziqukathi ziyahlanzwa.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aseptic, i-mycelium yesibeletho itshalwe ekhefeni lomquba ngokusebenzisa imbobo esembozweni, evalwa futhi ngemuva kokuphela kwenqubo. Ukutshalwa kwembewu ye-mycelium kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo neyesibeletho.
Okhulayo amakhowe ekhaya, kulula ukuthola okusanhlamvu mycelium... Ngalokhu, kubalulekile ukulungiselela kahle okusanhlamvu:
- Bilisa okusanhlamvu emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1.5 imizuzu engama-30-60 bese usipholisa.
- Yomisa okusanhlamvu bese ukubeka ezitsheni noma ezikhwameni ze-polypropylene, ukugcwalise maphakathi.
- Hlanza izinto ezilungiselelwe.
- Hlwanyela i-mycelium, njengasendabeni yomquba.
Isiko elihlanzekile linokubonakala kokuqhakaza okumhlophe okuluhlaza ngaphandle kwamabala aluhlaza noma ansundu. I-mycelium yokuhlwanyela eyenziwe ngomumo isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa isivuno samakhowe kuma-substrates.
Ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ye-mycelium kudinga ikhono elithile nokulungiswa ngokucophelela kwezimo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokungena ebhizinisini, kungcono ukuzama ukutshala inqwaba yezitshalo bese uvuna isivuno sokuqala. Okuhlangenwe nakho okutholakele kuzoba wusizo olukhulu futhi kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlole zonke izinzuzo nezingozi zephrojekthi ekhulayo yamakhowe.