I-Superphosphate ingumanyolo wamaminerali osetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile; yakhiwa ukubola kwama-phosphates emvelo. Kuwo wonke ama-macronutrients, utamatisi ukhetha i-phosphorus, njengoba ihlinzeka amandla ezihlahleni, ikhulisa ukumelana kwabo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nezimo zezulu ezimbi. Ngezinga le-phosphorus emhlabathini, utamatisi ukhula ngokushesha, izithelo zawo ziba mnandi ngokwengeziwe. Futhi ngokusweleka kwale macronutrient, kuyacaca ukuthi amahlathi asele emuva ekukhuleni, futhi, ngokufanele, athela izithelo ngokubi kakhulu.
Ulwazi oluvamile
I-Phosphorus, esesakhiweni sayo, inezimfanelo ezimbalwa ezidingekayo ezitshalweni zezitshalo:
- Ngosizo lwakhe, izitshalo aqale ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha;
- IMacronutrient ithuthukisa ukunambitheka kwemifino, izithelo namajikijolo;
- Ukuguga kwezitshalo kunciphisa;
- Ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande, izitshalo zezimpande, izilimo eziyizigaxa, isibonelo, amazambane;
- Ngenye yezinto izitshalo ezidinga umsoco.
Ukwakhiwa komanyolo
Isici esiyinhloko i-phosphorus. Kungaba yi-20-50%.
Into esemqoka ukuthi i-phosphorus oxide (P2O5), etholakala kumanyolo, encibilikayo emanzini... Leli khono livumela izimpande zezitshalo ukuthi zithole i-foliar phosphorus ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-superphosphate
I-Monophosphate
Impuphu empunga, uma umhlabathi unomswakama ngokwanele, khona-ke kunzima kakhulu ukukuqaphela. Kuyena kuze kufike ku-20% phosphorus oxide.
Umphumela wakhona ungaphansi kwalowo wezinye izinhlobo, kepha njengoba kubiza kancane, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa abalimi nabalimi.
Kuklanyelwe
Ikhiqizwa kusuka ku-superphosphate elula, iswakanyiswe futhi yagoqelwa kuma-granules ngemishini ekhethekile. Ukulungiswa kwama-granules kulula ukusebenzisa. Iqukethe 30% calcium sulfate ne-50% phosphorus oxide.
Kabili
Iqukethe i-calcium monophosphate, encibilika kakhulu emanzini. Kodwa wonke umanyolo awuncibiliki kahle.
Kufakiwe
Kuyena 40—55% i-potassium sulfate ne- Isibabule esingu-12%... Lezi zinhlobo ziyancibilika kakhulu emanzini.
Isetshenziswa ngokuyibeka ngaphansi kwesithombo, i-horseradish, isinaphi, iklabishi, edinga isibabule.
Isebenzisa
I-superphosphate ephindwe kabili - ukuhleleka kokusetshenziswa
Faka kabili entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokufika nasekwindla emva kokuvuna... Okusho ukuthi, ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi esithile ukuze i-phosphorus ihlangane nenhlabathi futhi ngokuzayo ilethe inzuzo enkulu, isize izitshalo zikhule futhi zikhule.
Kubalulekile ukunisela inhlabathi ngemuva kokufaka umquba, umanyolo uzoncibilika kangcono futhi uzongeniswa kangcono izitshalo kamuva. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-superphosphate ephindwe kabili ne-nitrogen ne-potassium kunikeza umphumela omkhulu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezithombo zikatamatisi
Izimpande zezithombo ezincane zikatamatisi ayithathi kahle kakhulu i-superphosphate elula, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-granular ephindwe kabili.
Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokuntywila kwezithombo ezincane zikatamatisi, izixazululo eziqukethe i-phosphorus zingahlanjululwa. Hlanganisa 1.5 tbsp. izinkezo ezimbili, 2 tbsp. wezipuni we-potassium sulfate no-2 tbsp. wezipuni we-ammonium nitrate. Thela zonke lezi zinto ebhakedeni lamanzi elingu-litre ayishumi.
Okwesibili kufakwa isixazululo nge-double Amaviki amabili ngemuva kokuphakelwa kokuqala... Chaza 0.5 tbsp. wezipuni we-superphosphate ephindwe kabili kumalitha ama-3 wamanzi amsulwa.
Isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokufika izithombo emhlabathini, kuyadingeka ukuyondla okwesithathu. Thela 1 tbsp ebhakedeni lamanzi elishumi. isipuni se-superphosphate ephindwe kabili no-3 tbsp. wezipuni we-potassium sulfate.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezihlahla zikatamatisi esizeni
I-Phosphorus iyafaka isandla ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande izitshalo. Izithombo zimunca i-superphosphate kahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukondla kwenziwa ngendlela yokukhipha noma ngesisombululo.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili ngemuva kokubeka izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, yenza umanyolo: engeza i-500 g yomquba kumalitha amabili wamanzi, shiya izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Masinyane ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, uthele amanye amalitha ayi-12.5 wamanzi bese ufaka ama-25 g aphindwe kabili.
Ukondla okunjalo kunezinto zonke ezidingekayo ezitshalweni. Ungakwenza izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesizini.
Yokudla Foliar of utamatisi
Amaqabunga amunca ngokuphelele i-phosphorus, ngenxa yalokhu, uma ufafaza amaqabunga katamatisi ngomanyolo, umphumela uzoba mncane ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3.
- Ukupheka, udinga ukunciphisa i-1 tbsp. isikebhe se-superphosphate noma uhhafu wesipuni se-superphosphate ephindwe kabili kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo.
- Ngemuva kwalokho uzoba nesisombululo esinokuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu. Yiyeke ifake usuku lonke.
- Bese ufaka amanye amalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
- Futha amaqabunga etamatisi ngale nhlanganisela.
Inani lomanyolo
Ku-12 kg womhlaba, lapho kuhlwanyelwa khona imbewu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthele ama-45 g we-double noma i-90 g elula, i-300 g kafulawa we-dolomite, i-40 g ye-potassium sulfate, i-30 g ye-carbamide. Ngemuva kwalokho i-substrate evelayo izoba nazo zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze zikhule izithombo ezinamandla nezinempilo.
Ekwindla, chitha phansi ngaphezu kwe-1 m2 - 30 g kabili noma 60 g elula, bese umba inhlabathi, futhi entwasahlobo ungatshala izithombo.
Yimuphi umhlabathi ongawusebenzisa
Umphumela omuhle utholakala ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi enezinto ezingathathi hlangothi noma ezine-alkaline.
Futhi uma uyisebenzisa emazweni ane izici ezimuncu, kunobunzima ngokufana kwayo nezitshalo.
Imvamisa, bazama ukwenza ukuthi umanyolo ungabizi, okusho ukuthi, bathatha izinto ezishibhile hhayi ezingahlanzekile zokukhiqiza i-superphosphate. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, awukho umehluko uma usebenzisa umanyolo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi ngaphandle kwalolo olune-asidi.
I-Superphosphate iyadingeka ukwengezwa enhlabathini enjalo, esezingeni eliphakeme, ngokwemiyalo, ngoba uma kungenjalo izoguqulwa ibe yinsimbi ne-aluminium phosphates nezimpande zezitshalo ngeke zikwamukele.
Umanyolo superphosphate usiza izitshalo ukwakha izithelo, ithuthukise ukunambitheka kwazo, kubalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwempande nokudla okunempilo kwesitshalo sonke.