Kunzima ukuhlangana nomuntu ongathandi ukudla amajikijolo. Kepha uma kukhulunywa ngama-raspberry anezithelo ezinkulu, anephunga elimnandi, angenameva, khona-ke bonke abalimi baphupha ngokuba nesitshalo esinjalo, futhi akekho noyedwa ozokwenqaba amajikijolo amnandi e-dessert.
FUTHI le nhlobonhlobo, enalezi zici, ibizwa ngokuthi iMaroseyka.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zokusajingijolo iMaroseyka
UMaroseyka ngeminyaka yama-70s yekhulu elidlule, ekhishwe nguprofesa V.V. I-Kichina. KwakuseMoscow Institute of Ukulima. Owandulele lezi zinhlobonhlobo yi-raspberry yaseScotland.
UMaroseyka uthole lezi zimfanelo ezilandelayo:
- ukumelana nezifo;
- isimo sokuzithoba sesitshalo;
- isivuno esihle;
- izithelo ezinkulu;
- amaphesenti amakhulu kashukela ku-berry nephunga lawo.
Namuhla kunokuningi ongakhetha kukho kubathandi bamajikijolo - izinhlobo eziningi zivele emakethe, nazo ezifanele ukunakwa, kepha iMaroseyka iyathandeka njengoba yayinjalo eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinconywa kubalimi be-amateur., kanye nokwandisa uhla lokukhiqizwa okuncane. Kulokhu, isimo sezulu kufanele silungele.
Maphakathi neRussia, iMaroseyka ayanele ngokwanele ebusika futhi ayimelani nesomiso (inezimpande ezingenasisekelo), ngakho-ke ayifanele ukulinywa ezimbonini.
Yinhlobonhlobo engenameva futhi enezithelo ezinkulu. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa okuphakathi nendawo - amajikijolo afanele ukudliwa ekuqaleni noma maphakathi noJulayi. Kuvunwa ngezikhathi ezi-4-5, i-fruiting iphela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
UMaroseyka wayengowokuqala okusajingijolo waseRussia ongenameva. Amajikijolo anokunambitheka okumnandi ajwayelekile kusukela ebuntwaneni nephunga elimnandi kakhulu.
Isivuno sisetshenziswa ngokwesiko: okusha, iqhwa, abilisiwe, omisiwe, ama-compotes abilisiwe, amawayini ayalungiswa.
Lesi sitshalo sithela izithelo kanye ngonyaka, ngoba, Ibanga laseMaroseyka alibonakali ngokuzibandakanya, kepha isivuno sivunwa ngo-4-5 kg kwisitshalo ngasinye. Uma usebenzisa ukudla okunamandla, isihlahla siyakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-6 kg amajikijolo.
Ngokuqondene nokuvuna okuphelele, inkomba emaphakathi ngu 150-200 kg ngokweluka ngakunye, kepha ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo obuphansi basebusika, kufanele imbozwe ebusika. Ithela izithelo minyaka yonke, esifundeni saseMoscow iyinhlobonhlobo ethembisayo futhi ekhiqizayo.
Lesi sitshalo sinamagatsha ezithelo amade naphakathi nendawo, aminyene impela, kumahlumela atholakala kusuka kuma-oda amabili kuya kwayi-4 wegatsha. Igatsha elilodwa lingaqukatha amajikijolo angama-20, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nangaphezulu.
Amaqabunga ayizicaba, agobile, ane-warty emaphethelweni. Mikhulu, iluhlaza okotshani ngombala, futhi lesi sitshalo sibukeka njengesihlahla esinamandla.
Ukukhulisa izinhlobonhlobo zokusajingijolo iMaroseyka esimweni sezulu lapho amazinga okushisa okubandayo ehlela ku-30 ° C ebusika, nangaphansi, kufanele imbozwe ebusika... Ungathatha:
- i-spandbond;
- utshani;
- amagatsha ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi;
- semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ezivela ezitshalweni.
Ukuze imiphumela yokufihla iphumelele, benza lo msebenzi ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba. Amagatsha ezitshalo ngalesi sikhathi agobile kahle, ngalesi sikhathi awakabi naso isikhathi sokuqina.
Umsebenzi wokukhosela:
- Amagatsha atshekele eceleni, futhi agobeke phansi kwesitshalo, phezulu kwesihlahla kuboshiwe.
- Ukuze ukhosele, thatha noma yiziphi izinto ezisohlwini.
Uma lokhu kungenziwa esimweni esinzima, esibandayo, khona-ke noma ngabe okusajingijolo kusinda ebusika, isivuno saso sizokwehla.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinhlobonhlobo zokusajingijolo iMaroseyka zisamangaza ngezimfanelo eziningi ezinazo. Wonke umuntu uthanda isivuno saso esikhulu, isivuno, iphunga elimnandi nokunambitheka kwezithelo.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka akuyona into e-remontant, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyabamangaza abalimi ngaleli khwalithi - eminyakeni ethile emaphethelweni amagatsha izithelo zivuthwa futhi... Lesi sitshalo sinokumelana okuhle nezifo zokusajingijolo ezahlukahlukene.
Okubi kweMaroseyka kufaka phakathi iqiniso lokuthi amajikijolo asetshenziswa isikhathi eside amahlathi enziwe ngosayizi omncane. Incazelo yalesi simo ukungazinzi kofuzo kwalolu hlobo.
Le nkinga ikhona ecaleni lapho izitshalo zingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi ubudala... Inqubo enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi ukukhishwa noma ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo.
Zonke izinhlobo ezinesithelo esikhulu zinohlobo olukhethekile lwe-L1, ngokwemvelo olungazinzile. Imvamisa esitshalweni, isakhi sofuzo se-L1 siyabusa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi singehla.
Ezingadini ze-amateur, lesi simo asijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke labo abafuna ukuba nezinhlobonhlobo zikaMaroseyka akufanele bakhathazeke ngalokhu - konke kuzolunga.
Izici zezihlahla namajikijolo
Okusajingijolo Maroseyka isihlahla esihle, esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, esisakazekayo, amahlumela awo avikelekile ngengubo ye-wax, eyigcina isuka ku-fungi ehlukahlukene, isomiso, isithwathwa. Inokuphakama okungu-1.5 kuye ku-1.8 m.
Izihlahla ziqukethe amagatsha anamandla kanye namahlumela okushintshwa, kanye nokukhula ngokweqile. ngakho-ke ukusabalalisa lokhu kuhluka ngeke kube nzima nhlobo.
Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Amahlumela wonyaka aqinile futhi anwebeka, anama-internode ubude obungu-3-5 cm.
Isihlahla ngasinye sikhula cishe amahlumela amahlanu okushintshwa kanye namahlumela ayishumi ezimpande. Kodwa-ke le nhlobonhlobo ayizinqobeli izindawo ezintsha.
Amajikijolo emahlathini okusajingijolo Maroseyka:
- isisindo esingu-4-12 amagremu;
- umbala oyindilinga, obomvu ngokukhanyayo, kunokuqhakaza okungabonakali kakhulu okwesibhakabhaka kubo, futhi kukhona okubili okuhlangene;
- uginindela unoshukela, unothi olumuncu olubonakala kancane olunezimbewu ezimbalwa;
- iphunga - liphinyisiwe;
- ukuvuthwa, zinamathela ezitshalweni futhi aziqubuki;
- lapho sezivuthwe ngokuphelele, zihlukaniswe kahle nesithelo;
- ukuminyana kwabantu kunokuthi abukho ubunzima ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithela iminyaka eyi-10-15, kepha umlando uyazi ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20, lesi sitshalo saqhubeka nokunikeza abantu isivuno.
Lesi sihlahla sakhula endaweni ekhanyiswe yilanga, endaweni ethokomele yesiza, lapho kwakukhona ukuvikelwa emoyeni, sondliwa ngamanyolo.
Izici zokutshala, ukukhula nokunakekela
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo, noma kunjalo i-photophilous, kodwa futhi ibekezelela umthunzi kahle... Futhi-ke, uma kungenzeka, khetha indawo ekhanyiselwe amahlumela amancane, kufanele wenze njalo. Izwe lokutshala kumele livunde.
Ukutshala iMaroseyka kwenziwa ngemigqa, khona-ke ukubopha kufakwa ebangeni elingu-120 cm ukusuka emhlabathini.Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwesekwa kufakwa ngocingo oluqinile olubophekiwe.
Njengoba isihlahla siveza amahlumela, okudlulele kufanele kususwe ukuze isitshalo siqondise ujusi omningi ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo.
Ukwenza i-fruiting isebenze ngokwengeziwe, emigodini ngaphambi kokutshala ama-raspberries, faka umanyolo we-nitrogen, kanye nezinto eziphilayo.
Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuqhakaza bese usetha isivuno esisha, Kusetshenziswa omanyolo abayimbudumbudu be-NPK... Bheka ukutholakala kwenani elanele lezinto zokulandela umkhondo, ikakhulukazi i-potassium.
Abalimi bezinkundla zokuzilibazisa beNovice badinga ukwazi lokho okuningi i-mass fruiting izoba yesizini elandelayo kuphela.
Ngemuva kokutshala, ukuhlukahluka okusajingijolo UMaroseyka udinga ukunakekelwa okuhle... Iqukethe izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-agronomic ezisiza isitshalo ukuba sizizwe kahle, futhi ngemuva kwalokho ngokuqinisekile sizobonga umnikazi ngesivuno esivulekile samajikijolo amnandi futhi anempilo.
Kuyadingeka ukunamathela kwezinye izincomo zokunakekelwa, ukuze iMaroseyka inikeze isivuno ngokugcwele:
- Ngemuva kokutshala, udinga ukukhipha umhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile bese ukhula ukhula.
- Ukunisela kwenziwa ngobuningi obanele nangesikhathi.
- Izitshalo ziyathenwa entwasahlobo ukususa amagatsha abuthakathaka nofriziwe, kuthi ekwindla, izihlahla zilungiselelwe ubusika. Ekwindla, banqunywa kungakapheli isigamu senyanga ngaphambi kweqhwa. Bese kususwa amagatsha amancane kakhulu futhi abuthakathaka.
- Ukuze uvimbele ukuminyana okukhulu kokutshala, kunqunywa ingxenye yamahlumela, kusale izingcezu eziyi-6-8 kuphela.
- Njengoba kuphawuliwe, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesikhathi nomanyolo odingekayo.
- Uma kunesidingo, izitshalo zivikelekile emakhazeni amakhulu ngokuzimboza.
Uma kunesifiso sokuqinisa i-branching, nciza amahlumela amancane ekuphakameni okungaba imitha... Le ndlela idala ukuthi kwakhiwe amagatsha asemaceleni amasha. Lesi sitshalo sivele sibe namandla kakhulu futhi sikhiqize.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Okusajingijolo Maroseyka ebonakaliswa ukumelana okwandayo nezifo nezinambuzane ezinambuzane.
Naye, njengezinye izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu, uthela izithelo noma ngabe kunesifo emagatsheni noma emaqabunga, lokhu akuthinti inani lesivuno.
Namuhla, ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezinhle zamajikijolo kuvezwa yizinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kepha uMaroseyka unambitheka nephunga lamajikijolo elithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi, futhi akesabi ukuncintisana.
Uma umnakekela njalo, lapho-ke uzohlala ekujabulisa ngokuvuna okukhulu.