UJuni ubhekisa ezinhlotsheni ezindala, ezihlolwe isikhathi zeklabishi elimhlophe. Umsebenzi wokuzala ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-ultra-early, ezimelana ikakhulukazi neqhwa lasentwasahlobo, wenziwa ngo-1967 ngabasebenzi be-All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding.
Izici kanye nencazelo yezitshalo zezinhlobonhlobo
Iklabishi kaJuni lingelezinhlobo zokuqala. Isikhathi senkathi kusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekuvuthweni kwezobuchwepheshe izinsuku ezingama-92-100.
Lesi sitshalo sine-compact leaf rosette, ephakanyisiwe futhi enobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-40-50. Amaqabunga aluhlaza, aqinile, anengubo encane ye-waxy, emaphethelweni amapuleti amaqabunga ajiyile kancane.
Isitshalo esinamandla nesikhulu sakha izinhloko eziyindilinga zobukhulu obuphakathi. Ngaphandle, umbala uluhlaza okotshani, ekusikeni unombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Isiphunzi sangaphakathi sobude obulinganiselayo. Izinhloko zeklabishi zibonakala ngojuicity, ukufana nesisindo kusuka ku-1.2 kuye ku-2.5 kg. Umkhiqizo uqukethe okomile kunani lika-8.1%, ushukela - kufika ku-3.8% ne-ascorbic acid - 45 mg%.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Izinzuzo, ngenxa yokuthi okuhlukahlukene kudingeka kahle phakathi kwabalimi, zifaka:
- isivuno esizinzile nesiphezulu, kufika ku-6 kg nge-1 sq. m;
- ukuvuthwa kobungane kwezithelo, okukuvumela ukuthi utshale isivuno semikhiqizo yokuqala engathengiseka;
- ukunambitheka okuhle kwabathengi kanye nesakhiwo sethenda semifino;
- ikhono lezithombo ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi;
- umthombo wezakhi zomzimba, ikakhulukazi uvithamini C
Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezinhle, kukhona nokubi kokuhlukahluka, okungukuthi;
- ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwamakhanda, ngakho-ke, kudinga ukuvunwa ngesikhathi esifanele;
- amanani wokugcina aphansi, ajwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zakuqala;
- imifino ingeyokusetshenziswa okusha kuphela futhi ayifanele ukuvutshelwa.
Isikhathi sokutshala izitshalo zemifino zezithombo
Imbewu yeklabishi ayidingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile. Lapho ukhetha isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, udinga ukubala ukuthi utshale nini iklabishi lezithombo ukuze ngoJuni kube nethuba lokusika imfoloko yokuqala. Iklabishi kufanele itshalwe ngesikhathi esithile, kepha kuya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda: kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kuya kuMeyi. Uma uhlwanyela iklabishi ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, bese uyitshala endaweni ehlala njalo ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zizophuma, okuzothinta kabi ukuthela kwazo.
Into esemqoka ukuthi lapho utshala, iminyaka yezithombo ayidluli izinsuku ezingama-50.
Ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala ngomzamo omncane, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukutshala lesi sitshalo ekupheleni kukaMashi. Bese ukutshala izithombo kungenziwa eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi. Lesi sikhathi sithathwa njengendabuko yokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile.
Izimo ezikhulayo zangoJuni iklabishi
Ukutshala isivuno kuqala ngokukhetha isiza okufanele sikhanyiswe kahle yilanga usuku lonke. Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukubeka eceleni indawo esezingeni noma enemihosha emincane eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga.
Isiko lithanda inhlabathi evundile, evundile. Uma inhlabathi ine-esidi, khona-ke kufanele ifakwe kumalimu, ngoba ku-pH engaphansi kuka-6.0 iklabishi ayikwazi ukusetha amakhanda, futhi isengozini enkulu yokutholwa.
Ama-legumes, okusanhlamvu, u-anyanisi, ukhukhamba kufanelekile njengabandulelayo. Akunconyelwa ukutshala isivuno iminyaka engu-2-3 ilandelana endaweni efanayo.
Ukulungisa umhlabathi ozolinywa
Lapho ulima iklabishi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kutholwe isivuno esiqinisekisiwe esivulekile. Lesi sitshalo sifuna ukwakheka nokuzala kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala, udinga ukusebenzisa umhlabathi ovundisiwe kuphela futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kusengaphambili.
Ngalezi zinhloso, indawo eyabelwe ukutshala kumele igugulwe ngefosholo ekwindla futhi ifakwe i-humus nomlotha, okubhekwa njenge-antiseptic enhle yokuvimbela ukukhula kokubola. Ungakhohlwa ngamanyolo wamaminerali, bese ufaka i-superphosphate ne-potassium chloride enhlabathini. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, khulula isiza bese ufaka nezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Izici eziyinhloko zokutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile
Lapho isimo sezulu sisihle, ungatshala izithombo. Izitshalo kufanele zibe namaqabunga amane weqiniso ngaphambi kokutshala. Izithombo akufanele zingcwatshwe emigodini ejulile kakhulu eqabeni lokuqala leqiniso futhi, zizama ukungalimazi uhlelo lwempande. Akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa iphuzu lokukhula. Hlanganisa inhlabathi ezungeze iklabishi namanzi kahle.
Kungcono ukutshala ngokwendlela yokutshala engama-40x60 cm.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele emva kokutshala
Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunakwa okuningi okuvela engadini, ukunakekelwa njalo nokunikeza izimo ezinhle zokukhula. Ukuze uthuthuke ngokugcwele futhi uthole isivuno esihle seklabishi, kufanele kusetshenziswe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- vikela izithombo ezingavuthiwe elangeni eliqondile, ngoba izinhlobonhlobo azibekezeleli ukushisa okukhulu;
- isonto lonke emva kokutshala, fafaza izitshalo ezincane ngamanzi kathathu ngosuku usebenzisa ikani lokunisela;
- gcina imibhede yeklabishi ihlanzekile, isuse ukhula futhi ifaka izitshalo ezikhulayo;
- ukufeza ikhwalithi ephezulu ngesikhathi, ngoba isiko lidinga ngempela umswakama, futhi ukomiswa okuncane kwekhoma lobumba kuholela ekuqiniseni kwesiphunzi nokumiswa kokukhula kohlelo lwempande;
- ukuhlinzeka iklabishi elikhulayo nezakhamzimba ngokwethula umanyolo onzima wezinto eziphilayo namaminerali;
- hlola isitshalo ngokubonakala kwezinambuzane, ungaphuthelwa isikhathi lapho inani labantu liqala ukuthuthuka, futhi uma kunenkinga, ungasebenzisi i-chemistry, kepha khetha umuntu noma umenzi wezinto eziphilayo.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi imifino esezingeni eliphezulu ifika kusenesikhathi.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Iklabishi, njenganoma yisiphi isivuno semifino, lichayeka enambeni enkulu yezilokazane nezifo futhi lidinga izindlela ezifanele zokulawula.
IZIFO | |||
Igama | Incazelo | Izinyathelo zokulawula | |
UKeela | Ubukhona bokukhula ohlelweni lwempande oluvimbela izimpande ezincane ukuthi zingakhuli | Susa bese ushisa ama-specimens anesifo, sebulala amagciwane enhlabathini ngama-disinfectants futhi ungatshali iklabishi kule ndawo iminyaka engu-4. | |
Ukubuna kweFusarium | Ukuphuzi nokubuna kwamaqabunga, okuwa kamuva, kushiye isiqu esingenalutho nge-rosette yamaqabunga ekhanda. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya lokutheleleka, ukukhula kwezitshalo kuyama. | Lesi sifo asikwazi ukwelashwa. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kusabalale, susa izitshalo ezinesifo engadini kanye nesigaxa sobumba. | |
IBlackleg | Ikhola lempande elincanyana kanye nesisekelo sesiqu kuguquka kube mnyama bese kuqala ukubola, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo siyeke ukukhula bese siyafa kamuva | Isitshalo esinegciwane asikwazi ukwelashwa, kufanele sisuswe engadini bese sishiswa sibulawe amagciwane ngamalungiselelo afanele | |
Izinambuzane | |||
Izimbungulu zeCruciferous | Izinambuzane zibhoboza isikhumba sesitshalo bese zimunca ujusi emaqabungeni, kuyilapho amaqabunga egobile futhi isitshalo siyafa | Uma isiko lithintekile ezigabeni zokuqala, udinga ukulwa usebenzisa amakhambi wesintu ahlolwe isikhathi. Ngokuphindaphinda okunamandla kwama-parasites, udinga ukulwa nawo ngamakhemikhali | |
I-aphid yeklabishi | Isinambuzane esiluhlaza sihlasela lesi sitshalo, sisenze buthaka, ngaleyo ndlela siphazamise izinqubo ze-metabolic |
Ukuhambisana nayo yonke inkambiso yobuchwepheshe bezolimo kwezolimo ezimeni ezikhulayo kuzovumela izitshalo ukuthi zimelane ngempumelelo nangempumelelo amagciwane nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Imithetho yokuvuna nokugcina
Ngokwencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, amakhanda eklabishi avuthwa ngasikhathi sinye ekupheleni kukaJuni, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-55-60 ngemuva kokufakwa kabusha. Kungenzeka ukunquma ukulungela kwesitshalo ukuvuna ngezimpawu zangaphandle. Uma ikhanda lemifino liqinile futhi selifinyelele usayizi odingekayo, lapho-ke ungaqala ukuvuna. Futhi, isibonakaliso sokuvuna ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga angaphandle aphansi emifino evuthiwe, ekhombisa ukuqedwa kwenqubo yokukhula nokugcinwa kwezakhamzimba.
Kungakuhle ukuqoqa ekuseni lapho kunesimo sezulu esomile. Sika imifino ngokucophelela usebenzisa ummese obukhali. Kulokhu, udinga ukushiya amaqabunga amathathu nesiphunzi esingu-2 cm ubude.
Ukuvuna akumele kubambezeleke, njengoba izinhloko zeklabishi ezingamele ziqala ngokushesha ukuqhekeka nokuwohloka.
Iklabishi likaJuni alikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kungakapheli amasonto amabili emva kokuvuna.
Ukuthola imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme, udinga ukwenza umzamo othile, futhi wazi izici ezithile zalesi siko. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka iklabishi ngezimo ezikahle futhi ujabulele ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kwemifino enempilo futhi entsha ngoJuni.