Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwethanga kunothe ngamavithamini namaminerali awusizo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwezitho zomuntu. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthandwa kwemifino ekhulayo emibhedeni yensimu. Amasiko ithokozela impumelelo phakathi kwabalimi ukuze kulinywe izimboni... Kulesi sibuyekezo, sizokhuluma ngezici zokutshala imbewu yamathanga nezithombo emhlabathini ovulekile nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo.
Imigomo yokutshala amathanga eBelarus, e-Ukraine, esifundeni saseLeningrad nakwezinye izifunda
Isitshalo sitshalwa emva kokuba inhlabathi isifudunyezwe ngokuphelele, futhi izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke elijwayelekile aliweli ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C. Uma, lapho uhlwanyela entwasahlobo, izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka- + 13 ° C, inqubo yokuhluma yehlisa ijubane, okusongela ukubola kwembewu. Emzileni ophakathi nendawo, izinsuku ezihamba phambili zokutshala imbewu ziwela eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaMeyi. Ngokwesiko lesintu, usuku lokuhlwanyela luhambisana neholide lesonto - Usuku lukaSt. George, kepha akufanele uthembele osukwini oluphawuleka ngaphandle kokucabangela izimo zezulu.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kanye naseBelarus, e-Ukraine, eDonbass, lapho izimo zezulu zivuma, ithanga lingatshalwa ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngokwekhalenda yenyanga, lesi sikhathi siqondana nenyanga ekhulayo, evumayo ekuthuthukiseni iziqongo zezithelo.
Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu
Okwesifunda saseMoscow
Umbukiso wokuqala
Isitshalo esiqinile esibandayo esinokuphamba okude nokunambitheka okumnandi izithelo ezinkulu ezilengayo ukuvuthwa kuze kufike ku-6 kg. Isiko alihloniphi ohlotsheni lomhlabathi, ukuzala kwawo.
I-Dachnaya
Amasiko anenkathi yokuqala yokuvuthwa (izinsuku ezingama-75-85). Imifino ibonakala ngokunambitheka okumnandi ngamacebo e-vanilla. Ithanga elivuthiwe linesisindo esingu-3-4 kg. Isikhathi sokugcina izithelo singaphezu kwezinyanga ezine.
Okwe-Urals
Owesifazane waseRussia
Lesi sitshalo simelana nezifo zasengadini nesithwathwa. I-pulp inamanzi noshukela, okwaziswa ochwepheshe bezokupheka. Ubunzima bethanga laseRussia budlula u-2.7 kg. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo yizinsuku eziyi-110-130. Isithelo esivuthiwe siwolintshi.
Pearl nutmeg
I-Butternut squash ivuthwa ezinsukwini eziyi-100 isisindo samathanga singaba ngu-5-7 kg. Ukunambitheka kugcwele umzimba ngenothi le-nutmeg. Lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukumelana namakhaza, sibekezelela isomiso nemvula enamandla, sinokuvikela okuqinile.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zaseSiberia
Freckle
Tshala ngezinsuku zohlaza. I-pulp inamanzi amaningi futhi imnandi, inambitheka njengekhabe. Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kugcina ukuthungwa okukhanyayo. Isisindo samathanga asidluli ku-3 kg.
Mamatheka
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla. Isiko libekezelela kalula ukushisa okweqile futhi limelana nesithwathwa, likhombisa ukumelana nendawo enomswakama. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokuphila isikhathi eside (kuze kube yisizini elandelayo). Isikhathi sonyaka okhulayo siyizinsuku ezingama-90-110, isithelo sesithelo - 2.1-3 kg.
Ukutshala okulungile emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukhiye wokuvuna ukutshala okulungile, okubandakanya ukulungiswa kwembewu nomhlabathi, kanye nenqubo yokubeka izinto zokutshala emgodini.
Ukulungiswa kwembewu: hlola ukuhluma nokuhluma
Izinto zembewu kufanele zihlolwe kuqala ukuthi azimila yini futhi zihlungwe, kusale kuphela izibonelo ezinempilo. Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlwanyela, okusanhlamvu kufanele kuhlume nge-gauze emanzi noma i-sawdust. Ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwembewu ekhaya, zifakwa kwisisombululo se-humate noma i-potassium humate izinsuku ezimbili. Isitsha kufanele sigcinwe egumbini sonke lesi sikhathi, lapho umbuso wokushisa ungama-20 ° C.
Umhlabathi
Inhlabathi kumele ilungiswe ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukuze benze lokhu, bayamba, basebenzise umanyolo: i-potash, i-phosphorus, umquba noma umquba. Kungcono ukusebenzisa eziyinkimbinkimbi, zinothisa inhlabathi ngezakhi ezahlukahlukene zomsoco. Isibonelo, kwethulwa amabhakede ama-humus ama-2, ½ amabhakede we-sawdust, i-1 kg yomlotha, ingilazi eyodwa ye-nitrophoska nge-1 m2.
Ukujula kokumba inhlabathi kufanele kube okungenani amasentimitha angama-35-50. Ukuze ubulale amagciwane endaweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthele amanzi ashisayo phezu kwayo.
Ungatshala kuphi ithanga ezweni? Indawo yokumisa ikhethwa libalele, linomoya omuhle. Izandulela ezifana namazambane, ubhekilanga, amakhabe namakhabe ngeke zisebenze. Kepha ngemuva kwemidumba, utamatisi nama-beet, lesi sitshalo sizozizwa sikhulu. Isiza esifanayo akufanele sisetshenziselwe ukwehla; ikhefu kufanele libe yiminyaka engu-4-5.
Ukutshala imbewu nezithombo ezweni
Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo kufanele libe okungenani ama-60 cm, ngoba ukuqhuma kwesitshalo kukhula ngamandla futhi kusakazeka endaweni enkulu. Lapho kunqunywa isikimu, kungcono ukuholwa yizinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokuvamile, abalimi basebenzisa le nketho yokutshala:
- ukushumeka ukujula imbewu - 8-10 cm (enhlabathini ekhanyayo), 5-6 cm (ku-loams) ngohlangothi olubukhali phansi;
- isikhawu phakathi izimbobo zilandelana - 60-80 cm;
- ibanga phakathi kwemigqa - 1 m.
Ukusabalalisa imivimbo, uhlelo lusetshenziswa: 1x1.5 m. Ukuvikela ukutshala kusuka emakhazeni entwasahlobo, kunconywa ukumboza umbhede ngefilimu.
Abalimi abanolwazi basebenzisa ikhalenda yenyanga lapho behlela umsebenzi wokutshala engadini. Izinsuku ezikhonjiswe kuwo zithinta ijubane lokukhula kwezitshalo. Kunconywa ukutshala ithanga enyangeni ekhulayo:
- ngoMashi qala ukutshala imbewu yezithombo (izinombolo eziyi-18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23);
- ngo-Ephreli ukuhlwanyela kuvunyelwe emhlabathini ovulekile (17-22, 24-29);
- ngoMeyi (16 - 21, 23 - 28 izinombolo).
Ngaphezu kwezinhlamvu eziyi-3-4, umanyolo ophilayo wethulwa emgodini ngamunye: umquba, i-humus noma i-peat. Ukuze uthambisa, sebenzisa amanzi afudumele (amalitha ama-2 ngembobo ngayinye).
Esifundeni saseLeningrad, esifundeni saseMoscow, i-Urals, iSiberia, ithanga likhule ngezithombo. Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala izitshalo ezincane emhlabathini abuhlukile ekutshaleni imbewu.
Kepha yini okufanele uyenze uma izithombo zethanga ziqinile kakhulu?Ezimweni zomsebenzi owedlulele wokukhula kwezithombo, lapho isiqu siba mncane futhi sibe side ngokungadingekile, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukufaka izitshalo ezimbizeni ezinkulu, unikeze isikhala esidingekayo.
Ukukhula ekhaya nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo
Ekhaya, ithanga lingatshalwa cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. Isiko likhombisa ukubekezelela izimo zezulu ezingezinhle, noma ngabe seliqale ukuhluma. Kepha lamaqiniso awasho ukuthi isiko alidingi ukunakekelwa.
Imbewu izohluma isikhathi esingakanani?
Isikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu sincike kuphela embusweni wokushisa. Uma isibonakaliso sasebusuku singaweli ngaphansi kuka-12-14 °, imbewu izoqala ukuhluma ngesonto. Noma ngabe isimo sezulu sipholile ngemuva kwenyanga, amaqabunga ama-2-3 asevele ethuthuka ehlumela.
Ukufaka imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kuzosiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokuhluma. Ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo ekhethekile, i-aloe juice, ukumnika umlotha wokhuni, ijusi lamazambane, isisombululo sezinyosi.
Imithetho yokuchelela
Ithanga lidinga ukuchelelwa, kepha ngokulinganisela. Umswakama owedlulele uzobangela ukudonsa kwezithombo. Kungcono ukunisela umhlabathi ngemuva kokuxegisa nokususa ukhula. Isiko sibekezelela isomiso kahle, kepha ukusabela emanzini abandayo kusuka kulayini omkhulu kungaba kubi. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa uketshezi oluhleliwe emthonjeni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Lesi sitshalo sithanda kakhulu ukondla. Kakade ngemuva kwesonto kuhluma izithombo, kwethulwa ukudla kokuqala okuhambisanayo. Lesi sitshalo sithola umsoco ofanele kusixazululo se-mullein. I-Nitrophoska ibhekwa njengengasebenzi kangako (amagremu ayi-15 ebhakedeni ngalinye lamanzi). Yena futhi afeze yokudla elandelayo nge isikhawu kwezinsuku 10-14.
Ukwakheka okulungile kwesithombo kuvezwa ngesiqu esiphansi kepha esinamandla, ama-internode amafushane, ukuba khona kwamaqabunga ama-3 ngemuva kwenyanga.
Ukwakha amathanga
Ngokushesha lapho amaqabunga angama-2-3 eqiniso evela ezitsheni, udinga ukunciphisa umbhede. Lapho ukhula ithanga elinethelo elikhulu kusala ihlumela elilodwa, i-nutmeg ne-bark eqinile - izithombo ezi-2 lilinye.
Ukuqhuma okuthuthukayo kufanele futhi kubunjwe ngokususa ama-ovari amaningi kanye namahlumela asemaceleni. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngesiqu esisodwa nambili. Esimweni sokuqala, kunconywa ukushiya ama-ovari ama-2-3 kuphela, okukhona kuwo amaqabunga ama-3-4. Ngendlela yesibili, izithelo ezi-2 zisale esiqwini esikhulu, kanti esisodwa ohlangothini. Ngaphandle kwenqubo enjalo, izithelo zizoba ncane futhi zingabi mnandi kakhulu.
Izinambuzane nokuvimbela
Ithanga libhekwa njengesitshalo esingenakuzithoba, noma kunjalo, leli siko nalo lisongelwa izinambuzane. Ukunciphisa umkhiqizo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukubhubhisa amahlumela amancane kunga:
- ama-slugs;
- i-melon aphid.
Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuhlasela kwezinambuzane, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo akhethekile (Actellik, Fufanon, Tsitkor, njll.). Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezinto zebhayoloji iphephile. Ngokusebenza kahle, kwesinye isikhathi izindlela zomuntu aziphansi, phakathi kwazo okufanele zinakwe:
- ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions kusuka ekhemisi chamomile;
- infusions of amazambane kanye eziqongweni utamatisi;
- ama-decoctions omhlonyane namanye amakhambi anamakha;
- umlotha wezinkuni;
- uthuli lukagwayi;
- umcako osikiwe, njll
Izixazululo zokusebenza zisetshenziselwa ukufafaza izitshalo, futhi izimpushana zisetshenziselwa ukufothula izintuli. Izinqubo ziphindaphindwa ama-2-3 ngezikhathi zezinsuku eziyi-7-10.
Ukuze usabele ngokushesha ekuhlaselweni kwezilokazane, kubalulekile ukukwenza kube umthetho wokuhlola imibhede ngokujwayelekile okungu-1 njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabeka inkinga bese ulondoloze isivuno.
Ukuvuna
Unganquma ukuvuthwa kwethanga ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- i-peduncle iba lukhuni ngokwengeziwe, ubuso bukhonjiwe, ukhuni lwayo lwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye nesiqu esinikezela ukudla;
- amaqabunga esiswebhu ayoma, shintsha umbala ube ophuzi;
- noma yini yokuqala umbala wesikhumba, ngemuva kokuvuthwa, kukhombisa iphethini yokuthungwa okugqamile;
- uma uhambisa uzipho lwakho phezu koqweqwe, akwenziwanga umkhondo;
- lapho ucindezela iminwe yakho embungwini, uzizwe unzima;
- umkhiqizo ovuthiwe uyambozwa ukuqhuma kwamatte;
- ezwakalayo lapho uthepha ukukhala okungqongqozayo;
- lapho kuvunwa i-peduncle kulula ukuyisusa.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isivuno sinempilo eshalofini ende, kubalulekile ukukha izithelo ngokucophelela, unakekele ukuthi zingalimazi i-rind. Imihuzuko kufanele ivalwe ngosimende obulala amagciwane ukuze amagciwane angangeni emifino.
Izithelo ezisuswe engadini zifakwa egumbini elomile, lapho zivuthwa khona isikhathi esingangenyanga.
Isiqinisekiso esikhulu sokuvunwa okuhle ngu Ukukhetha okulungile kwembewu nokunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi. Ithanga elizikhulisayo lihlukanisa imenyu yamakhaya, linothisa umzimba ngezakhamzimba.