Isihlahla se-apula isihlahla sezithelo esithandwa kakhulu hhayi kuphela endaweni emaphakathi yeRussia, kepha manje eSiberia.
Ngenxa yokukhethwa, izinhlobo eziningana ezingamelana nesithwathwa zazalulwa, kepha lo mbuzo usasebenza kumlimi wensimu, yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka esifanelekile ukutshala lesi sitshalo.
Ngisiphi isikhathi esihle sokutjala i-apula?
Izici zesimo sezulu zezifunda zezwe azikwazi ukunciphisa kuphela ukukhetha izinhlobo zama-apula, kepha futhi ziphoqelela umlimi ukuba alandele uhlelo oluqinile lokutshala.
Ngakho-ke, kulabo abahlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yezwe, isikhathi sokutshala sanoma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka ngokuvamile siyindla.
I-Eastern Siberia ne-Primorye kwakungeyona indawo ekahle kakhulu yokukhula kwesihlahla sama-apula, kepha ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha, simila kahle entwasahlobo, eduze naphakathi kukaMay.
Ngaphezu kwesimo sezulu futhi kucatshangelwa isikhathi sonyaka, kufanele kubhekwe ezinhlobonhlobo nobudala besihlahla.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezimelana nesithwathwa... Lezi yizithombo zezihlahla ezincane ze-Antonovka, iMedunitsa, iCharodeyka, iGift of Autumn, i-Young Naturalist, iBessemyanka Michurinskaya neSilver Hoof.
Ukutshala ekwindla kanye nezici zayo
Ngokuya ngesifunda, amakhaza angazwakala ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Iqiniso lokuqala kweqhwa yisiqalo sokutshala isihlahla se-apula.
Indlela engcono yokunquma isikhathi utshale nini isihlahla se-apula - gxila ekwindla kwamaqabunga, wonke umsebenzi wokutshala izihlahla wenziwa kahle kuphela uma usuphelile.
Imvamisa, umuthi uzothatha kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuye kwezingama-25 ukuya ezimpandeni, kuya ngokuhlukahluka, esikhaleni esivela ngoSepthemba 20 kuya ku-Okthoba 20.
Okusho ukuthi, cishe unenyanga eyodwa ukutshala ngisho nensimu yama-apula, kepha manje ake sikhulume ngezici zokutshala ekwindla.
Uma ucabanga ngezindawo zokufika ezinzima kakhulu, kunokubuyiselwa emuva okuncane ngokuya ngomsebenzi owengeziwe.
Izithombo ezincane zisengozini yokubanda kakhulu kunezihlahla ezindala, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokutshala izimpande zazo kufanele zimbozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce abanzi, noma kusetshenziswe utshani obunqunyiwe.
kodwa inketho yasekwindla inenzuzo engenakuphikwa:
- izithombo ezitshalwe kahle ngesikhathi esibandayo zigxila ngokuphelele futhi ziqine, futhi lapho kufika intwasahlobo ziqala kakhulu ekukhuleni;
- ngokuhamba kwesikhathi entwasahlobo, izimpande zesihlahla zizohlala zizuza enhlabathini emanzi enomquba obolile;
- Ukutshala ekwindla kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukungavikeleki kweqhwa esihlahleni se-apula.
Ungasitshala kanjani isihlahla entwasahlobo
Uma ngasizathu simbe ungakwazanga ukutshala isihlahla se-apula ekwindla, kuhlale kunenketho yokubuyela emuva. Vele, uzokwenza usheshe kancane, kusukela uzoba nesikhathi esincane kakhulu sokufika kunangekwindla.
Lesi sikhathi ngokuvamile sihlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga, kufanele usheshe qeda umsebenzi maphakathi no-May... Futhi, sikhomba izici ezinhle nezimbi zokufika.
Ake siqale ngokuhle entwasahlobo asisekho isidingo sokwesaba ukubanda kwezimpande zesihlahla... Kodwa-ke, kunezinkinga eziningi ezikulindile lapho ukhetha ukutshala kwentwasahlobo:
- phakathi nobusika, umswakama ungena emhlabathini, futhi umuthi omusha kuzodingeka uniselwe ngokuhlelekile nangokuningi;
- izinto zokutshala zihlala zibiza kakhulu futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngisho nasezinkulisa.
Inhlabathi yoma ngokushesha entwasahlobo, okuzothinta kabi ukutshalwa kwentwasahlobo kwesihlahla se-apula, uma kungagcini umswakama ezingeni elifanayo.
Ngokubeka izimpande zesihlahla emanzini apholile ngosuku, ngaleyo ndlela uzigcwalisa kahle nangaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini.
Utshani obomile obomisiwe noma i-humus kuzosiza ukuqinisa umphumelalokho kuzodinga ukubekwa phansi kwesiqu somuthi wama-apula. Lokhu kuzovimba ukuthi ungqimba oluphezulu lungomi kanye nokukhula okusheshayo kokhula.
Amaphutha amakhulu
Yini engabizwa ngokuthi iphutha elikhulu ekutshaleni isihlahla se-apula? Abalimi bengadi basavuma ukwephulwa okuningi lapho betshala, futhi yingxenye kuphela lapho benakekela isihlahla. Nawa amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu
Lapho wehla
Ukutshala isihlahla se-apula kujule kakhulu emgodini okuqhuma kakhulu, futhi, mhlawumbe, ukwenganyelwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwabalimi be-novice.
Isihlahla sizokhula kancane kakhulu, ngoba umngcele wokutshala maqondana nokhololo wezimpande (isigaba sesiqu kusuka empandeni kuye kusiqhele) asinqunywa kahle.
Abaqalayo, ukuthenga isihlahla enkulisa, okungaba nokuxhunyelelwa ngaphezulu kokhololo wezimpande, kuze kufike ku-8 cm, kuvame ukubadida lapho betshala isihlahla ngaphambi kwaso.
Okujwayelekile kokutshala indawo yokhololo wezimpande ezingeni lomhlabathi noma amasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezulu.
Uphi ukhololo wempande esiqwini? Akunzima ukucacisa ngokugijimisa iduku elimanzi phezu kwalo. Ngakho-ke, lapho umbala uzoshintsha kusuka kokuluhlaza kuye konsundu, kukhona wona lowo mngcele.
Lapho uhamba
Ukunisela isihlahla, kufaka phakathi lapho utshala, ngamanyolo amaningi amaminerali kuzobhubhisa i-microfloralapho amabhaktheriya amahle engasakwazi ukuhlala khona.
Bheka inani njengoba liyalelwe ngumenzi womanyolo kwiphakeji ngalinye, ungasebenzisi i-urea ne-ammonium nitrate onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila kwesihlahla.
Kungashiwo okufanayo ngokudla izihlahla eziphilayo. Akunasimo awukwazi ukusebenzisa umquba omusha noma ongabolile kahle.
Ngokwethula isicupho esinjalo, uzobulala izihlahla zama-apula, ngoba i-ammonia ne-hydrogen sulfide ekhishwe umquba omusha isusa umoya-mpilo emhlabathini ongaphansi kwempande.
Ungazikhetha kanjani izithombo ezifanele
Inhloso enkulu yokuzikhethela ukucacisa kahle isimo sesithombo, okungukuthi, ukufaneleka kwaso ukukhula nokukhiqiza okuhle.
Ukwehluleka ukuqonda izimfanelo eziyisisekelo zomuthi omuhle kuzobangela ukuthi isihlahla sesithelo sithathe isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuthi sikhule noma somile.
Usayizi nenombolo yezimpande zesihlahla se-apula kubaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Ukuphishekela isihlahla esikhulu esingapheli, ngethemba lokukhula isihlahla sama-apula esinamandla, kungaholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo.
Naka isimo nobungako kubo ohlelweni lwempande. Isithombo esikhulu, yebo, sineziningi zazo, futhi ingxenye enkulu yazo zilimele, ngoba zazikhuliswa ezinkulisa futhi zembiwa ngendlela yemishini (igeja).
Ngemuva kokutshala isihlahla esinjalo, kuzodingeka ukuthi unqume ngokushesha wonke amagatsha omqhele wesihlahla, ngaphandle kwalokho amagatsha azoma ngenxa yezimpande eziphukile noma azolimala.
Unyaka owodwa ubudala unezimpande ezincane futhi uhlala ephelele... Nokho, ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele usheshe uthenge isihlahla se-apula esinezimpande ezivulekile ngaphambi kosuku lokutshala, okuyiqiniso elilinganayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sokutshala. Isihlahla ngeke nje simile izimpande, kepha kuzoba nzima ukusindisa.
Kunendlela eyodwa yokuphuma: yibeke egumbini elingaphansi ngaphambi kokufikalapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-40 C.
Ukulungiswa kwesiza
Okokuqala, khetha indawo efanelekayo bese umba umgodi. Ukulungiselela ukutshala kungahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lokutshalwa komhlaba nokwakheka kwawo.
Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ungatshala isihlahla emgodini kuphela u-10-12 ngemuva kokulungiswa kwendawo... Umgodi kufanele ube njalo ukuze impande ingenele kalula kuwo ngaphandle kokugoba.
Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi izofudumala futhi ihlale phansi, futhi impande ngeke isawela ngaphansi kwekhola lempande. Okuhlukile ukutshala ekwindla, ngakho-ke udinga ukumelana namasonto ama-3-4.
Kungcono ukwehlukanisa umhlaba okhethiwe ube izingxenye ezimbili: phezulu nezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho wonke umhlaba kufanele ususwe ukhula. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, inhlabathi engaphezulu ivame ukumbozwa ngaphansi kwempande.
Lungisa okungenani ama-gramu angama-800 omlotha nomanyolo esihlahleni ngasinye... Uma kuyi-humus, khona-ke ibhakede elingaphezu kwelilodwa. Umthamo wamanyolo wamaminerali mncane kakhulu, imvamisa awukho ngaphezu kwe-1 kg.
Futhi futhi mayelana nezinhlobo zenhlabathi, ngoba indlela yokulungiselela izoncika kulokhu:
- ngenhlabathi evundile nokuxegiswa ngokucophelela, umgodi ungama-35 cm ukujula no-45 ububanzi;
- inhlabathi esindayo engama-70 ukujula nemitha ububanzi;
- uma lokhu kungumhlaba, okubandakanya itshe elichotshoziwe nobumba oluboshwe, bese uzama ukumba umgodi ongu-90 cm, bese wenza ububanzi bawo bube ngaphezu kuka-120 cm.
Inhlabathi elungisiwe ithelwa emgodini iphinde ikhululwe futhi... Ngemuva kwalokho bashiya umgodi wezimpande bese belinda usuku lokutshala.
Inqubo yokutshala izihlahla
Wonke amahlumela omile anqunywa esihlahleni esincane... Ngokuvamile kunengqondo ukushiya okungekho ngaphezu kwesihlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho isikhonkwane sokhuni sikhishwa emgodini wezimpande u-2/3 wobude baso, bese impande yesihlahla uqobo sehliswa.
Ngemuva kwalokho umhlaba uthelwa kancane kancane emgodini futhi ungqimba lwe-ramm ngongqimba. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe cishe emaphethelweni omgodi, kushiye umgodi wokugcina amanzi.
Ukugwema ukuphula isiqu somuthi, ibophe nge-twine esikhonkwaneni... Kungemva nje kwale nqubo lapho unganisela khona kakhulu empandeni, kuze kufike emabhakedeni angama-5 amanzi, kuya ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Umgodi osele kufanele uhlanganiswe nge-sawdust noma i-humus.
Ukunakekelwa kwezithombo
Izihlahla amagatsha owomile futhi systematized ukuthambisa esifike ngesikhathi yizithako zokutshalwa kwe-apula okuphumelelayo nokumelana nesithwathwa kwesihlahla.
Njalo khipha inhlabathi engaphansi kwesihlahla futhi uvimbele ukhula ekukhuleni.
Uma izimbali zivela ngonyaka wesibili, zivame ukususwa.njengoba kuyimbali engatheli. Ngemuva kwesivuno sokuqala sezithelo, hlikihla amagatsha, ususe lawo omile.
Kuze kube phakathi nehlobo kubalulekile ukwenza okungenani okuphakelayo okuyisihlanu kwe-nitrogen, kusekelwe kumanyolo wezamaminerali kanye nowezinto eziphilayo.
Amagama okuvalelisa umgadi wensimu osemusha
Ngiyethemba lokho lawa macebiso alula azokusiza ukuthi ungatshali kahle isihlahla se-apula kuphelakepha futhi uthola isivuno esihle sezithelo.
Ukwenza lokhu, qapha minyaka yonke isimo sesihlahla, unqume amagatsha agulayo futhi ungakhohlwa ukunisela ngesikhathi.