ipulamunjenganoma yisiphi isivuno sezithelo, idinga ukwakheka komqhele... Ukubhuka kungubuciko obufana nokwakhiwa. Umuntu osebenza engadini kudingeka ukuthi athuthukise ukucabanga kwendawo, kanye nolwazi lwe-physiology yezitshalo.
Ngaphambi kokuya esihlahleni nge-prunun, udinga ukuqonda kahle incazelo nenhloso yezenzo zakho futhi wazi amasu okuthena.
Izinhlobo nezindlela zokwakha umqhele ofanele
IPlum, ikakhulukazi encane, isitshalo esikhula ngokwedlulele... Kwisizini eyodwa yasentwasahlobo-ehlobo, uyakwazi ukuxosha amahlumela amaningi kangangoba "kukhulula" ngaphezu kokuqashelwa.
Lokhu akukuhle nje ngokusuka ekubukeni kobuhle. Esihlokweni esingahlanjululwa, izithelo ziba zincane, zivuthwe isikhathi eside, futhi zivame ukuthinteka yi-moniliosis nenundu. Ukumelana okubandayo kwesitshalo kuyancipha.
Yingakho ke isithombo se-plum kufanele sikhuliswe kusuka ekutshaleni.
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zokuthena izihlahla zezithelo, kuya ngenhloso:
- Okwakhayo... Inhloso ukuklama umqhele wesitshalo.
- Ukulawulwa... Inhloso ukugcina isimo siyanelisa.
- Ukulwa nokuguga... Inhloso ukubuyisa ukuthela kwesihlahla esidala.
- Ukuvuselela... Umgomo ukuqeda amagatsha omile futhi aphukile.
- Inhlanzeko... Umgomo ukuqeda amahlumela okugula kanye nezinambuzane.
Akunandaba ngenhloso, imvamisa kusetshenziswa amasu amathathu lapho kuthenwa ama-plums:
- Ukunqunywa kwendandatho... Ngale ndlela, igatsha elingadingeki lisuswa ngokuphelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, ayinqunyelwe ukungaholi nesiqu, kodwa ngasemngceleni wokuqina okunamandla lapho kufakwa khona ihlumela.
- Ukusika izinso... Isetshenziswa lapho udinga ukunciphisa ukushutha bese usetha inkomba yokukhula. Kukhethwa izinso eziphilayo kahle lapho zifunwa khona, bese kuthi ingxenye eyeqile isuswe nge-pruner. Kubalulekile ukukwenza lokhu ngokuqinile engxenyeni engu-45⁰ ukuze umphetho ophezulu wokusika uhambisane nesiqongo sezinso.
- Dlulisela ekuphunyukeni kohlangothi... Le yinqubo yokushintsha kakhulu inkomba yokukhula nokwenqaba amagatsha angakhiqizi. Ukwenza lokhu, okuthembisa kakhulu kukhethwa kumahlumela asemaceleni bese kusikwa kwenziwa u-2-3 mm ngaphezu kwendawo yokunamathiselwa kwayo ("izindandatho").
Udinga isethi elifanele lamathuluzi ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo. Uhlu okufanele ube nalo lubandakanya ukuthena, i-lopper, ama-hacksaws amabili engadi (amakhulu namancane), ummese omuhle wensimu, iladi kanye ne-pitch yensimu.
Iseluleko sabaqalayo nabalimi be-novice: ama-hacksaws wokwakha awafanelekile! Amanxeba emva kwabo aphola kakhulu.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele wePlum:
Ungasika ngasiphi isikhathi ama-plums entwasahlobo nasekwindla, imigomo
Ngemuva kokubhekana nezisekelo zethiyori zokuthwesa umqhele, ungakwazi thola isikhathi esifanele sokuthena amaplamu.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinqubo zenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla... Uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi kanye namanye ama-nuances kuzoncika eminyakeni kanye nesimo sesihlahla.
Intwasahlobo | |
Isikhathi esikahle sokuxhumana okusebenzayo nezihlahla kungukuqala kwentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo kulula ukubekezelela "ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa", futhi zithole isisusa sokubeka iziqu zezimbali. Isikhathi esiqondile sokuthena entwasahlobo sehluka ngesifunda. Udinga ukuzulazula ngesimo sezulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinso. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu yilapho iqhwa selivele lihlehlile, kepha amaqabunga awakaqali ukuvuvukala. | |
Izinhlobo zemisebenzi | |
Iplamu encane | Iplamu endala |
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Uma ama-plums weminyaka ehlukene ekhula esizeni, kungcono ukuqala umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo nabantu abadala. Isihlahla esidala, amahlumela ezimbali asheshe avuke.
Ukuwa | |
Ukuthenwa kwama-plums kwenziwa ngoSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, kuya ngesifunda. Isikhathi esiqondile sinqunywa ngumuthi waso uqobo: lapho iplamu isilahlile amaqabunga ayo, ungasebenza nayo. | |
Izinhlobo zemisebenzi | |
Iplamu encane | Iplamu endala |
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Awukwazi ukwenza i-sanitary nezinye izinhlobo zokusoka ngethuluzi elifanayo. Ngemuva kokukhipha amagatsha agulayo, kuyadingeka hlambulula ngesisombululo se-fungicide noma utshwala... Bese usula kahle ngendwangu ehlanzekile.
Ukusika noma cha ukusika amagatsha ekwindla?
Akukho ukuvumelana phakathi kwabalimi mayelana nokweluleka kokukhohliswa kwekwindla hacksaw. Ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ungathola, isibonelo, ukubuyekezwa okunjalo:
“Ngaphambi kobusika, umkhulu wayesika yonke imithi engadini ngaphandle kweplamu. Njengoba ngikuqonda, ukuthena izihlahla ekwindla kwandisa amathuba okuba yiqhwa. "
"Uma kuneziqhwa ezinzima ebusika, lesi sitshalo esisikiwe singathola isithwathwa necrosis yendawo."
Ngempela, ekwindla, udinga ukungenelela ngokucophelela empilweni yesihlahla... Ukusikeka kwekwindla nokusikeka akuphilisi kahle. Lokhu kungenxa ye-physiology yesitshalo.
Ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba esihlahleni kungenxa yokukhula kwe-cambium. Amaseli weCambial ahlukanisa ngenkuthalo, akha ukuthutheleka okuzungeze isilonda - ikholi Ukukhula kwe-cambium kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo, bese kuyeka kancane ekwindla.
Uma ungaqageli isikhathi futhi usike iplamu sekwephuzile, ingozi yokutheleleka inyuka kakhulu kanye nokususwa kobuso besilonda. Lesi sitshalo sishiya ebusika buthakathaka futhi asibekezeleli isithwathwa.
Ngakho-ke, uma inqubo ethile ingahlehliselwa kuze kufike intwasahlobo, kungcono ukushiya iplamu yakho yodwa. Ukuphoqelelwa okuphoqelekile kungukuthena kuphela isihlahla esigulayo nokuqedwa kwamagatsha aphukile.
Ukuthenwa kwenziwa kanjani kwezinye izinkathi zonyaka: ehlobo nasebusika
Kungcono ungaphinde uthinte ezinye izithelo zezithelo ehlobo. I-Plum, kunalokho, iyavuna ukuthena izihlobo.... Kungcono ukuhlela "ukugunda izinwele" ngoJuni.
Ungenza okulandelayo ngalesi sikhathi:
- susa amahlumela afriziwe angabonwa entwasahlobo;
- susa amahlumela anamafutha (okubizwa nge- "tops"), iplamu elithanda ukuwaxosha.
Lokhu kufezekisa izinhloso ezimbili: ukunqanda ukusabalala kwezifo engadini kanye nokunciphisa isidingo sokuthenwa kwendle okuphelele ekwindla.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuzijwayeza ingadi kuye kwaqhubeka nokubandakanya iplamu yokusika ebusika... Kunembile impela, ukuyibiza ngokuthi ubusika-intwasahlobo, ngoba le nqubo yenziwa eduze nasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Ukuthena ebusika kuya ngokuya kujwayelekile ngenxa yokungazinzi kwesimo sezulu okujwayelekile, lapho umuthi weplamu ungasabela ngokuvuka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ebusika, benza zonke izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zentwasahlobo zomsebenzi wokucheba.... Lesi sikhathi sinokuhlanganiswa kwaso: ngenkathi i-cambium ingakaqali ukukhula, amagxolo anamathela ngokuqinile okhunini, futhi asikho isidingo sokwesaba ukuwugobhoza nokuwudwengula.
Ukuthenwa kwama-plums ebusika kwenziwa kuphela ezifundeni ezinobusika obumnandi. Isihlahla akumele silimale uma kunengozi yokubuyela kwesithwathwa okuqhubekayo.
Ukuthena kwentwasahlobo kwama-plums nama-cherry plums:
Amasu okusika nezinhlelo
Ukubhuka iplamu kahle, udinga ukucabanga ukuthi umuthi weplamu olungiswe kahle ubukeka kanjani... Uma okuhlukahlukene kungafani nekholomu, khona-ke kuzoba yisihlahla esihlelekile, sibe nomqhubi oyedwa ophakathi nendawo namagatsha angama-4-5 wamathambo ahlelwe ngamathayi.
Ububanzi bama-tiers buyancipha - aphansi makhulu kunalawo aphezulu. Amagatsha wamathambo awaphambuki esiqwini nge-engeli ebukhali. Umqhele awugqinisiwe, amahlumela akhula ngaphandle, hhayi ngaphakathi.
Ngemuva kokwakha engqondweni "iphrojekthi" yesihlahla esizayo, ungaqala ukusakha.
Ukuthenwa ngemuva kokutshala kweplamu encane
"Izingane" zeplamu zonyaka owodwa azikabi yigatsha okwamanje, ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuqala ukukhulisa umuthi wakho kusukela kule minyaka. Udinga nje ukunquma ukukhula kweplamu yesikhathi esizayo bese usika isiqu ekuphakameni okufunayo.
Ukuthola isihlahla esihlangene, kuzokwanela ukushiya amamitha ayi-1-1.2 ngaphezulu komhlaba.
Izingane ezineminyaka emibili ubudala sezivele zinamahlumela ohlangothini... Udinga ukuhlola isithombo, uhlole ukuthi umqhubi wesikhungo usikiwe yini. Uma kungenjalo, kufinyelelwe kubude obukhulu.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kusukela ekukhushulweni kwe-lateral okusele, kukhethwe kakhulu okuthuthukile. Zifinyezwa ngo-25-30 cm ukusuka esiqwini. Lawa ngamagatsha wamathambo, uhlaka lwesikhathi esizayo lomqhele... Ukunqunywa kwenziwa ihlumela elingezansi ukuze igatsha lingakhuli phezulu, kodwa eceleni.
Okwakhayo kusukela eminyakeni engu-3
Esihlahleni seminyaka emithathu, amahlumela wamathambo sezivele zihle kahle. Udinga ukusebenza nabo kanjena:
- Sika ukukhula kwe-apical kubude obungu-30 cm.
- I-lateral - kufika kubude obungu-15 cm.
Zonke izingxenye ziphinde zenziwe ezinso elingezansi.... Umgomo ukusetha inkomba yokukhula kwamahlumela ngaphandle. Kulokhu, umqhele uzokhanya, hhayi ukuqina, igatsha ngalinye lizothola inani elanele lokukhanya kwelanga.
Leli fomu lingenye elula kakhulu. Ukunakekela isihlahla esakhiwe ngale ndlela akunzima. Esikhathini esizayo, udinga kuphela ukulawula ukusika izihlahla. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi kumele lwenziwe minyaka yonke ukuze isihlahla singakhuli.
Kwesinye isikhathi iplamu encane ingakhipha ihlumela elincintisanayo lomqhubi wesikhungo. Kufanele kunqunywe. Kuyadingeka futhi ukususa wonke amahlumela akhula ngaphakathi komqhele, kanye "neziqongqo" eziqondile.
Uma uhlala unakekela idreyini eyakhiwe, kuzofanele usebenzise ifayili kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Ngokuyisisekelo, ungathola ngokujaha okulula ngama-pruners.
Noma yikuphi ukusika kuyisilonda esivulekile emzimbeni wesihlahla... Kudingeka ivalwe nge-varnish yensimu. Izovikela isitshalo ekomeni, ekuthelelekeni nasekususweni kwezinsini.
Ukuthena ama-plums amancane:
Ukuvuselela isihlahla esidala
Ama-plums amaningi athatha cishe iminyaka eyi-15-20 ukuvuna.... Ungayandisa i-fruiting, ungavuselela iplamu, uma wenza ukuthena kwesihlahla kabusha ngesikhathi.
Lokhu kwenziwa kusuka phezulu kuye phansi ngokusho kohlelo olulandelayo:
- Ukuphakama komqhele kuyancipha... Ngenxa yalokhu, amagatsha aphezulu angamathambo anqunywa kubude obufunayo futhi adluliselwe kumahlumela amahle we-lateral akhula ngaphandle. Esimweni esinganakiwe ikakhulukazi, ungasika igatsha elingaphezulu lamathambo "libe yindandatho" ukukhulula isikhungo nokukhanyisa umqhele.
- Isusa ukuqina kwamahlumela... Zonke lezi ziqondiswe maphakathi nomqhele, noma zilukiwe zodwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, kususwa amagatsha owomile, abuthakathaka futhi onakalisiwe.
- Isusa amahlumela elengaephuma esiqwini noma emagatsheni esigaba esiphansi.
- Ukunciphisa amagatsha wamathambo, idlulisela ukukhula kumahlumela amahle we-lateral aqondiswe ngaphandle.
- Ukususa "iziqongqo" ezingadingekile.
IPlum kunzima kakhulu ukupholisa amanxeba ngobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-5 cm... Ngakho-ke, akufanele wenze ukusikeka okukhulu okuningi ngasikhathi. Kungcono ukuhlukanisa inqubo yokulwa nokuguga ibe "ngamaseshini" amaningana ngezikhathi zonyaka.
Ukuthena nokubumba izihlahla kubonakala kunzima lapho uthi nhlá. Eqinisweni, noma yimuphi umlimi wensimu angakwazi kahle ubuciko bokuthwesa imiqhele.
Njengebhonasi, uzothola hhayi kuphela izivuno ezihloniphekile kanye nensimu enempilo, kepha futhi uzokwengeza isikhala esizeni. Iplamu elungiswe kahle lithatha isikhala esincane kakhulukunokuba ukhule unganakiwe, futhi uletha injabulo yobuhle.