I-Felt cherry iyi-shrub yezithelo efanele ukunakwa kakhulu ngabalimi nabalimi. Lesi sihlahla sinemvelaphi yaseMpumalanga Asia futhi maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 kuphela lapho saqashelwa njengesitshalo esitshaliwe ngabalimi baseYurophu naseMelika. Ukuthandwa kwe-cherry ezwakala phakathi kwabalimi kuchazwa kalula - ukunambitheka okungavamile kwesithelo nomphumela wokuhlobisa ophakeme wehlathi.
Isici
Indawo yemvelo ye-cherry esusiwe yizintaba zezintaba zaseChina, Korea neMongolia. Kunobufakazi obungokomlando bokuthi abamele lezi zinhlobo phambilini babetholakala ogwini oluseningizimu yoLwandle iMedithera. Kepha abatholanga ukuqashelwa phakathi kwabalimi futhi abaziswanga ngesiko. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yekhwalithi embi yesithelo.
I-Felt cherry yazuza udumo eRussia ngemuva kokuthi ichazwe yi-IV Michurin. Ngemuva kokutshala kokuhlola nokuhlola izici, uqaphele ukubaluleka kwalezi zinhlobo ze-cherry zokutshalwa kulimo lwezitshalo.
I-Felt cherry iyi-shrub enezimboko eziningana ezifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-1.5 kuya ku-2 m kanye nomqhele osakazekayo. Akuvamile ukuthola izitshalo ezide kuze kufike ku-3 m noma ngaphezulu. Amahlumela angapheli - ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okunamandla nokukhulu. Amahlumela wonyaka ukukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani okuneziqu zemifino emithathu yangemuva eqoqiwe. Ukwakheka kwezithelo kusebenza iminyaka engu-3-4.
Isici esivelayo se-shrub ukuvuleka kweziqu, amaqabunga nezithelo. Lona umsebenzi wokuvikela isitshalo ngokumelene nezinto zangaphandle. Izinwele (ama-trichomes) zibonisa imisebe yelanga, zivimbela ukushisa kwe-shrub. Ngokwengeziwe, lokhu kwenza isithelo simelane nokuthuthwa nokugcinwa. Izinwele ezikhanyayo ezithambile ngokuhlangene zifana nokuzizwa, okuchaza igama elithile - kuzwakala i-cherry.
Amaqabunga amancane ama-oval anendawo engamakhorali. Ehlobo zinemibala ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza okotshani, ekwindla bathola umbala wewolintshi. Qhakaza kanyekanye nezimbali.
Izimbali zinombala obomvana ngokukhanyayo, kancane kancane ziba mhlophe. Isigaba sokuqhakaza siqala ekupheleni kukaMeyi futhi sithatha izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-15. Ngalesi sikhathi, umphumela wokuhlobisa we-shrub ufinyelela phezulu. Izimbali ezisesihlangeni esifushane kakhulu ziqinisa ziqine ngeziqu, kanti isihlahlana siba yibhola elikhulu eliqhakazayo. Izimbali zibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi njengo -3 ° C.
Izithelo ze-shrub ziyi-polymorphic - zehluka kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene nasezithombo ngaphakathi kohlobo oluthile. Isisindo esimaphakathi seberry elilodwa sisuka ku-1 g kuye ku-4,5 g Umbala wezithelo usuka ku-pink uye ku-cherry emnyama, kaningi ungathola izihlahla ezinamajikijolo amhlophe. I-pulp inamanzi futhi iyanambitheka kusuka kumnandi kuya kumnandi-omuncu. Ngaphakathi kunethambo elincane elingenakwehlukaniswa.
Isigaba sezithelo zezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile, kusukela maphakathi noJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Ngokwesilinganiso, ihlala kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-10. Ukuqina kwezithelo emagatsheni kuphezulu. Ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka, kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa, ungaqoqa kusuka ku-5.5 kg kuye ku-14 kg wamajikijolo.
Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwe-cherry ezwayo kuphezulu - i-shrub ingamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi njengo -40 ° C. Ubulukhuni obumaphakathi besilinganiso sasebusika, iphuzu elibuthakathaka le-shrub yi-collar podoprevanie yezimpande. I-Cherry inesikhathi esifushane sokuphila, kusuka eminyakeni eyi-8 kuya kwengu-10.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry ezwayo
Ukuze uthole impova engcono kanye nomkhiqizo ozinzile waminyaka yonke, izinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinhlobo kufanele zitshalwe kusayithi. Inketho ethokozisayo: ngokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezinezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa, ungavuna isivuno esisha kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-40-45.
Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- Inkosazana. Icwecwe (1.2-1.5 m) nesihlahlana esikhiqiza kakhulu. Izithelo zivuthwa eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu kaJulayi. Isihlahla esisodwa singaqoqa ama-10 kg amajikijolo. Izithelo isisindo 3-4 g, ukunambitheka okumnandi nge-asidi encane. Izithelo zivuthwa ngemuva kukaJulayi 20. Izinzuzo: akukho ukukhula kwezimpande, ukumelana ne-coccomycosis. Okungalungile: ukungabi nenzalo nokungazinzi kwe-moniliosis.
- Khonzani. Isihlahlana esifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.6 Izithelo ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, amajikijolo avela ku-2 kuye ku-4 g, ukunambitheka okumnandi. Ukukhiqiza i-11 kg ngehlahla ngalinye. Isici samajikijolo ngumthungo oguqukayo ebusweni. Izinzuzo: ukuzala ngokwakho nokuhlobisa okuphezulu. Okungalungile: ukuthambekela ku-moniliosis.
- Inganekwane. Isihlahlana esiphansi esifinyelela ku-1.3 m. Ukuvuthwa okuphelele kwezithelo ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Amajikijolo asuka ku-3 kuye ku-3.5 g, akhiqiza kufika ku-10 kg. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kumnandi futhi kumuncu. Izinzuzo: ukuqina kwasebusika, ukwehlukaniswa kwezithelo okomile. Okungalungile: ukungabi nenzalo, ukumelana okuphansi ne-moniliosis, ukuchoboza izithelo ngesivuno esikhulu.
- UNatalie. Isihlahlana esinamandla, esifinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha ama-2. Izithelo zivuthwa kusuka ngomhlaka 10 kuya ku-15 Julayi. Isisindo esijwayelekile samajikijolo ngu-5 g, uginindela mkhulu, ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu. Isivuno se-shrub yabantu abadala siyi-6-7 kg. Isikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka eyi-18. Izinzuzo: ukuqina kwe-shrub ngokuhlobene nezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo. Okungalungile: ukuchoboza izithelo ngesivuno esikhulu, ukuzwela kumswakama ophezulu.
- UDamanka... Isihlahlana esinamandla sifinyelela ku-3.2 m ukuphakama. Izithelo ziyacwebezela, zicishe zibe mnyama ngombala, zinesisindo esingaba ngama-3 g. Isilinganiso sesivuno esingu-8 kg ngehlahla ngalinye. Amajikijolo avuthwe ngokuphelele ekupheleni kukaJulayi ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Izinzuzo: ukunambitheka kwezithelo, okubhekwa njengokuhamba phambili phakathi kwezinhlobo zalesi silwane, ukumelana nesihlobo se-moniliosis. Okubi: ukungabi nenzalo, ukuzwela kwesomiso.
Ukukhula
Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo, i-cherry ezwayo ihluke kakhulu kwezofuzo ku-cherry ejwayelekile kanye ne-steppe cherry, ngazo zonke izinkomba isondele kakhulu kwezinye izitshalo: iplamu, ibhilikosi nepentshisi.
Lesi sici kufanele sicatshangelwe ngesikhathi sokutshalwa kwezihlahla zalesi silwane.
Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwesiza sokutshala
I-Felt cherry ithanda ukukhanya okukhulu nokusakazeka. Ezitshalweni ezijiyile noma ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, amahlumela aluliwe, futhi ukuthela kuyancipha.
Lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala, kubalulekile ukuthi ucabangele ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwama-cherries azwayo - ukusekela ikhola yezimpande.
Lo monakalo uvame ukwenzeka ebusika, lapho isembozo esinyene seqhwa siwela emhlabathini ongafriziwe. Uma ikhola lezimpande lonakele, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande kumila, okuholela ekufeni kwesihlahlana.
Ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhetha isiza ekuphakameni lapho ikhava yeqhwa ilele kusendlalelo esincanyana. Ukuze unciphise ubungozi be-podoprevaniya ekwindla, udinga ukuzamazamisa inhlabathi ezungeze ikhola yezimpande ekujuleni okungu-7-10 cm bese uthela isihlabathi esinzima emgodini.
Isihlahlana sithuthuka kahle emhlabathini owu-loamy no-sandy loam onokuthungwa okukhanyayo ne-aeration ephezulu enamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ukujula okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-3. Izimpande eziyinhloko ze-cherry ezwisiwe zitholakala ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-35, ngakho-ke lolu ungqimba lwenhlabathi kumele luhleleke futhi lunothe ngezakhamzimba.
Indawo ekhethiwe iyamba futhi ngasikhathi sinye kufakwa umanyolo nge-1m ngayinye2:
- umquba noma umquba 15 kg;
- i-potassium chloride 120 g;
- i-superphosphate 250g.
Emva kwalokho, kwakhiwa umgodi wokutshala onezindonga ezithe xaxa ngamasentimitha angama-50 ububanzi nokujula kwamasentimitha angama-45. Isakhiwo nomgodi wokutshala wokutshala entwasahlobo kulungiswa ekwindla, ekwindla ngesikhathi sasehlobo.
Ungatshala kanjani futhi unakekele isithombo sesihlahla esifundeni saseMoscow?
Ama-cherries azwakala angatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Njengoba kunikezwe ubulukhuni obumaphakathi basebusika be-shrub, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo, lapho kusungulwa izinga lokushisa elizinzile elingu- + 15 ° C. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sizoqinisa kakhulu uhlelo lwempande kanye nokuqina kwendawo. Lokhu kunikeza iziqinisekiso eziningi zokusinda kunangesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla.
Ngokutshala, khetha isithombo esifinyelela eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme - isithombo esifinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama, sinempande enempilo okungenani engama-25 cm ubude nenqwaba yezimpande ezikhule kakhulu.
Ukugcwalisa umgodi wokutshala uzodinga:
- umquba noma umquba amabhakede ama-3;
- i-superphosphate 40 g;
- i-potassium chloride 20 g;
Lezi zingxenye zixubene nenhlabathi ebekiwe. Uma izinga le-asidi lomhlabathi liphezulu, engeza u-300 g we-lime kubo. Inketho enhle ungqimba lokuhambisa amanzi phansi komgodi olwenziwe nge-limestone echotshoziwe, ezolawula i-asidi ye-substrate futhi iqinisekise ukuthi amanzi aphuma emgodini. Ngezansi komgodi, udinga ukunamathisela isigxobo (1.5 m) ukubopha isithombo. Isikimu esinconywayo sokutshala izihlahla singu-2x1m.
Maphakathi nomgodi, udinga ukwakha indunduma futhi usakaze izimpande ze-cherry ngaphezulu kobuso bayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukhololo wezimpande uhlale ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi cishe ngamasentimitha ama-5. Lokhu kuzoyivimbela ekujuleni ngemuva kokuncipha kwenhlabathi. Izimpande zesithombo zimbozwe ngengxube yomhlabathi futhi ingaphezulu lihlanganisiwe.
Isithombo sidinga ukuniselwa ngamabhakede ama-2-3 wamanzi afudumele futhi, ngemuva kokuthi umhlaba unciphe, ugcwalise izikhala ngenhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, isiyingi esiseduze nesiqu sigcwele ipeat noma sawdust.
Ngemuva kokutshala, ingxenye esemoyeni yezithombo zonyaka ifinyezwa ngo-30 cm. Ezitshalweni ezineminyaka emibili ubudala, kusale kuze kube namagatsha aqinile ayi-6, azifinyeze ngo-1/4.
Ukunakekelwa kwezithombo
Lapho unakekela ama-cherries azwayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ubuthakathaka be-shrub: ukuqina komqhele, ukuthambekela kwezifo zefungal nokusekela uhlelo lwempande. Enye i-cherry ayithobeki futhi ayidingi umsebenzi okhethekile wensimu.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa:
- Ukunisela. Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile kakhulu, kulawulwa njalo izinga lomswakama.
- Ukubeka umkhawulo. Ama-cherry ayazwela ku-asidi womhlabathi. Ngokuphambuka okuqinile kusuka ekuphenduleni okune-alkaline okujwayelekile ku-shrub, imetabolism iyaphazamiseka. Lokhu kuthinta ngokushesha ukuthela, ngakho-ke ukumiswa kwenhlabathi kwenziwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
- Ukuvimbela izifo. Ukwelashwa okuphoqelekile ngama-fungicides ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Le nqubo yenziwa ngoSepthemba nangaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela entwasahlobo. Ngalokhu, isihlahla sifuthwa nge-Bordeaux liquid.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, isithombo asidingi ukondliwa. Izihlahlana zabantu abadala zondliwa kabili ngesizini. Ekwindla ngemuva kokuvuna esiyingini sesiqu nge-1 m2 letha: i-superphosphate (15 g), i-potassium chloride (20 g), entwasahlobo ngaphambi kwekhefu le-bud - ammonium nitrate (20 g).
- Ukulungiselela ubusika. Izithombo ezincane zigobile emhlabathini futhi zimbozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce noma ngotshani. Isiyingi sesiqu sigcwele ipeat (30 cm).
- Izinambuzane. Isihlahlana akuvamile ukuthi sithintwe izinambuzane. Ingozi yama-cherry ukunqotshwa okukhulu kwesiza ngama-aphid kanye nama-scabbards. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali.
Inqubo ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwezihlahla ukusika izihlahla. Kumele kwenziwe minyaka yonke ukuze unciphise umqhele.
Ukuthena
Izihlahlana zazo zonke izinhlobo zama-cherry alezi zinhlobo zivame ukushuba umqhele. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu umkhiqizo wabo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwakha umqhele nokugcina izinga eliphakeme lokuminyana eminyakeni elandelayo.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele wehlathi kwenziwa ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha usuku olubalele maphakathi no-Mashi, lungiselela i-pruner ebukhali ne-var var.
Ukuthena kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kobisi, okucushwa ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuvuka kwezinso. Uma lezi zikhathi zokugcina zingaphuthelwa, kungcono ukulinda kuze kube sekwindla, lapho isihlahla singena esimweni sokulala okungahambisani. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isihlahla sizomosha amandla ekutholeni ukulimala, futhi sinciphise izinqubo zokuthuthuka. Imvamisa, i-cherry iyagula.
Izinyathelo zokuthena:
- khetha u-10-12 wamagatsha aqinile;
- amagatsha anezifo, awonakele futhi omile asuswa ngokuphelele;
- ukukhula ngaphezu kuka-50 cm kufinyeziwe ngo-1/4.
Eminyakeni elandelayo, kufanele uhlale unamathela kule mingcele, ulawula ukukhula kokukhuphuka. Umsebenzi wokuthena minyaka yonke ukufinyelela okuphezulu kokukhanya komqhele.
Njengoba iminyaka yamahlathi, kuthenwa izihlahla kuyenziwa. Kususwa amahlumela amaningi ohlangothini ngale nqubo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahlumela wonyaka azovela eduze nokusikwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi unqume wonke amahlumela amadala atholakala ngaphezulu kwawo. Ukuthenwa okufanayo kwenziwa ukukhulisa ukukhula nokubuyisela izihlahla ezibandayo.
Izigaba zenziwa kuphela phezu kwezinso ezithuthukile emthambekeni omncane. Ngakho-ke, amanzi ngeke aqoqane endaweni esikiwe. Lapho kususwa amagatsha aphelele, ukusikwa kuyenziwa ebusweni bobuhlalu be-annular, ukwephula lo mthetho kuholela ekwakhekeni ngokweqile kweziqongo. Amanxeba amakhulu kufanele ambozwe ngendwangu encane ye-varnish yensimu.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
I-Felt cherry isakazwa yimbewu, ukusikwa nokubeka. Indlela ngayinye inezici zayo, ngokuya ngokuthi kudingekile ukukhetha inketho efanelekile kakhulu. Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Lapho ukhetha okokutshala, kubalulekile ukunaka isimo sehlathi. Izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zembewu zinezinhlamvu zezithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuphelele, izihlahla ezihlangene ngaphandle kokulenga amagatsha abuhlungu ngamagxolo acwebezelayo anempilo.
Izinhlamvu zihlukaniswa noginindela, zigezwe ngamanzi bese zomiswa endaweni eyomile egumbini elinomthunzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, zibekwa ezinhlakeni zesihlabathi esimanzi bese zisuswa ziye egumbini elipholile.
Kuhlwanyelwa amathambo ngaphambi kobusika. Ngalokhu, igebe lomhlabathi ongenisa umoya futhi olinywe kahle ulungiswa kusengaphambili. Imbewu ihlwanyelwe enhlabathini izinsuku eziyi-15 ngaphambi kweqhwa.
Izigaba zokutshala:
- umsele onobude obungu-2 cm nobude besikhala semigqa engama-30 cm bakheka ebusweni bomphetho;
- amathambo atshalwe kanye nesihlabathi ebangeni lama-50 cm komunye nomunye;
- ingaphezulu lesitshalo ligcwele ngokhuni noma nge-peat;
- ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesine, izitshalo zincishisiwe, kushiye kuphela amahlumela aqinile;
- lapho izithombo zikhula ziye ku-30 cm, phusha 1/3 wezimpande eziyinhloko;
- kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhula, kwenziwa umanyolo kathathu ngomanyolo we-nitrogen;
- ukuchelela kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile, kabili ngesonto.
Isithombo sitshalwe kabusha endaweni ehlala njalo ngemuva kweminyaka emibili. Izihlahlana ezitshalwe ngale ndlela ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4.
Okukhethekile kwe-cherry ezwayo kungukulondolozwa okuphezulu kwezimpawu zesitshalo sikamama lapho sisatshalaliswa yimbewu. Le ndawo ayivelakancane futhi emasikweni amaningi ibonakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza imifino.
Ukusabalalisa ngokusika ekwindla nasentwasahlobo
Indlela eyinhloko yokusabalalisa ama-cherry azwakala ukusikwa okuluhlaza. Izinto zokutshala zivunwa eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni kusuka ekukhuleni okuncane, lapho zifinyelela ku-15-20 cm.
Izindlela zendlela yokuzala:
- isiqu esinamahlumela angu-3-4 sinqunywa ekukhuleni;
- ukusika okuphansi kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezinso, kubhekwa i-slope angle ye-45 °, engenhla ngenhla kwezinso - ngokuvundlile;
- ukusika kubekwa amahora ayi-12 kusikhuthazi sokukhula - isisombululo se-heteroauxin (30 ml) namanzi (1 l);
- endaweni ebamba ukushisa, isihlabathi se-calcined (4-5 cm) sithelwa ungqimba lomhlabathi ocebile;
- ama-cuttings atshalwe ku-substrate ebangeni elingu-15 cm nge-angle engama-60 °, kushiya amahlumela amabili ngaphezulu.
Ama-cuttings azomila ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-greenhouse idinga ukugcina umswakama ophezulu futhi imanzise njalo i-substrate. Ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo, i-shrub ikhulile unyaka owodwa endaweni yokushisa noma emgodini. Ngale ndlela yokuzala kabusha, isihlahlana siqala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu.
Ukukhula kwama-cherries azwayo akuthakazeli kuphela abathandi bezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokupheka. Izithelo ze-shrub zinezimfanelo eziphakeme zokudla futhi zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekwelapheni i-atherosclerosis kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Abakhiqizi be-shrub ne-landscape bayaziswa, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthwebula noma njengesitshalo se-specimen.
Ekugcineni, ividiyo emfishane yokuthi ungawanakekela kanjani ama-cherry azwayo (kufaka phakathi ama-burgundy) esifundeni saseMoscow: