Pear yi-apula elidala elitholakala ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izihlahla ze-Apple zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zibalulekile phakathi kwabahlali basehlobo nabalimi be-amateur bezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zama-aphula, ukumelana nesithwathwa nokuvunwa okuphezulu.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zezinhlobonhlobo zeGrushovka zisatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izifunda zeRussia Federation. Kepha uma uhlela ukutshala izithombo, kufanelekile ukutadisha izici zalesi sithelo sezithelo ezahlukahlukene.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula Grushovka
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobonhlobo zeGrushovka zinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ezavela ngokuzikhethela kwemvelo, okungukuthi, ngokwemvelo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingenye endala kakhulu, engaphezu kweminyaka engama-200 ubudala. Ngisho naseRussia yasendulo, kunezinkomba zala ma-apula. Ngo-1797, umuthi wama-apula waseGrushovka wachazwa ngokuningiliziwe ngusosayensi odumile u-A.T. Bolotov emsebenzini wesayensi.
Ngesisekelo seGrushovka ngokuwela, kwatholakala ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula - i-Early Grushovka, i-Winter Grushovka, iMoscow Grushovka.
Incazelo yesihlahla se-apula
Izihlahla zezinhlobonhlobo zeGrushovka zinezici ezilandelayo:
- Inkulu ngosayizi. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-6-7;
- Umqhele, ohlanganiswe nokubukeka okuyindilinga, izihlahla ezincane zinomqhele we-pyramidal;
- Izihlahla ze-Apple Grushovka isitshalo esime ngohlobo lwamagatsha ahambisanayo, amagatsha angenameva;
- Amagxolo amagatsha aphuzi ngokusawolintshi;
- Amahlumela wohlobo lwe-vegetative anegxolo elinombala onsundu ngokubomvu;
- Amahlumela wohlobo lokukhiqiza noma i-ringlet atholakala ngamanani amakhulu, umbala wawo umnyama kakhulu kunamagatsha amakhulu;
- Amaqabunga ahlelwe kuma-petioles amade, umumo okweqanda;
- Umbala wamakhasi amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi-luhlaza;
- Amaqabunga ezihlahla ezincane anomphetho ebusweni, kubantu abadala, kukhona ukungqubuzana okuncane emaqabungeni noma ubuso bawo bushelelezi;
- Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izimbali ezinamacembe abomvana ziyavela, ngemuva kwesikhashana zishintsha umthunzi wazo ube opinki noma omhlophe okhanyayo.
Incazelo yezithelo
Ngesikhathi sokuthela izithelo kuvela ezihlahleni zezihlahla zama-aphula zaseGrushovka ezinezici ezilandelayo:
- Ama-apula amancane avuthiwe... Isisindo sesithelo esisodwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa sisuka ku-60 kuye ku-80 amagremu. Isisindo esiphezulu siphakathi kuka-100 no-120 amagremu;
- Izithelo ziyindilinga ngesakhiwo esicabalele;
- Ubuso bama-apula bunombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi ngemivimbo eminingi namabhulethi anombala obomvu noma obomvana;
- Isikhumba sinesakhiwo esihle esinobuso obushelelezi. Phezulu kufakwe i-wax yemvelo;
- Izithelo zine-pulp ethambile ene-juiciness ephezulu, enephunga elikhanyayo nelimnandi.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingasetshenziselwa ukudla okunomsoco. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwama-apula kuphansi - ama-kcal angama-47 kuphela ngama-gramu ayi-100.
Isifunda esikhulayo
Izihlahla ze-Apple zezinhlobonhlobo zeGrushovka zikhula kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia. Zisabalele ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- Zonke izifunda zengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia;
- I-Ural;
- Izifunda zaseNtshonalanga;
- EMpumalanga yeSiberia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobonhlobo zikhula kwamanye amazwe e-CIS - eBelarus nase-Ukraine.
Ukukhiqiza nokugcina izinhlobo zaseMoscow nobusika
I-Grushovka iyinhlobonhlobo yokuqala. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesivuno siqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi nasekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Izihlahla ze-Apple zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50-60. Isikhathi sokuthela siqala kusukela eminyakeni emi-4 emva kokutshala. Isivuno ngonyaka wokuqala wezithelo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-10, futhi uma isihlahla sineminyaka engu-15 ubudala, izinga lesivuno lifinyelela kuma-80-100 kilograms kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa.
Ukuvunwa kwezithelo kuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti... Isikhathi sokugcina sesitshalo ngamaviki angu-2-3.
Njengoba inyama nesikhumba sama-apula aseGrushovka kunesakhiwo esithambile, akulungele ukuthuthwa. Ngalesi sizathu, le nhlobonhlobo ayisetshenziselwa ukuhweba.
Abavolontiya
Izinhlobonhlobo zeGrushovka ziyazikhiqiza; ukuze kusethwe izithelo, impova enziwe ngempova evela kwezinye izinhlobo iyadingeka. Ukuze uthole impova yalezi zinhlobonhlobo, ungasebenzisa izimpova ezifana ne-Antonovka, iPapirovka, i-Anis Polosaty, iCinnamon, iBellefleur-Chinese.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinhlobonhlobo zeGrushovka zinezinzuzo eziningi, zazo okuyizinto ezibalulekile okufanele uziqokomise:
- Izihlahla zinokumelana nesithwathwa okuphezulu futhi ingamelana namazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-50 degrees Celsius;
- Isikhathi eside sokuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50-60;
- Yiba nezithelo zokuqala;
- Ukubonakala okusheshayo kwezithelo ezivuthiwe;
- Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu;
- Izinga eliphakeme lezinto eziwusizo kuma-apula;
- Ungenza ama-compotes, ulondoloze, ujamu, amajusi nojamu kusuka kuma-apula.
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo, kunezinhlangothi ezingezinhle:
- Izihlahla zithathwa kalula yizifo, izinambuzane;
- Ukuthambekela okuphezulu ezimweni zezulu;
- Izithelo ezingajwayelekile;
- Inokuvuthwa okungalingani kwezithelo. Esihlahleni esisodwa, ezinye izithelo zivuthwa ngokuphelele ziwe, kanti ezinye zihlala ziluhlaza;
- Impilo yeshalofu emfushane. Isivuno esivuniwe sizolala isikhathi esingamasonto ama-2-3;
- Akuhloselwe ukuthuthwa.
Isithombe sama-apula avuthiwe
Ngezansi kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula ezinhlobonhlobo zeGrushovka:
Imithetho yokufika
Izisekelo ezikhulayo ezifanele zi-loamy, sandy and soddy.
Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli ekuqaleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla - Septhemba-Okthoba.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo:
- Kufanele kwenziwe imigodi ngemithambeka emikhulu. Izimbobo kufanele zibe ngu-100 cm ububanzi no-60 cm ukujula;
- Izinsuku ezine ngaphambi kokutshala, izingxube zomanyolo kufanele zifakwe emigodini. Umgodi ngamunye udinga ukugcwaliswa ngama-25 kilograms we-humus;
- Emgodini ombiwe, ukucindezelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngezimpande ezinamagatsha ezihlahla ezincane;
- Ukutshala kumele kwenziwe ngezikhonkwanefuthi, lapho izithombo ezitshaliwe ziboshelwe khona;
- Izikhonkwane kufanele ziqhutshwe zingeniswe zisuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho;
- Ngemuva kokutshala, isihlahla siniselwa manjalo. Isithombo esisodwa sidinga cishe amalitha angama-30 amanzi;
- Ngemuva kokuchelela, izimbobo ziyahlanganiswa ne-humus kanye nomquba.
Imithetho yokunakekela
Imiyalo yokunakekela:
- Ukuthuthuka okuhle kwesihlahla ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kokuqala, ama-85% wezimbali ayaqhuma, ama-50% ezithelo asesimweni esiluhlaza;
- Izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-Apple Grushovka ungabekezeleli isomiso esibi, ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuwanisela okungenani ama-2-3 ngesonto. Ukuphela kokuphela kokunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti nasekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, ukuze isihlahla sibe nesikhathi sokulungiselela ubusika;
Ukutshala umuthi kuyadingeka ngesizini yesibili. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwakhe, ungakhulula futhi unisele njalo.
- Ngentwasahlobo, umquba wehhashi obolile noma i-humus kufanele ithelwe emhlabathini ukuze kuvundiswe izihlahla. Kumamitha ayi-1 square 8-12 kilograms. Kumanyolo wamaminerali, i-400-600 gramu ye-urea isetshenziswa;
- Ekwindla, izihlahla kufanele zondliwe ngezingxube zomanyolo onzima. "UKemira uyasibekela". Okwesikwele esingu-1. imitha izodinga amagremu angama-30-40;
- Esikhathini sekwindla, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwasebusika kwesihlahla, ukuhlanganiswa nomquba wehhashi kwenziwa, ubukhulu besendlalelo kufanele bube ngu-5 cm;
- Ukwenza isiqu siqonde futhi sakheke, isihlahla sigundwa unyaka ngemuva kokutshala. Ngesikhathi sokuthena, amagatsha aphezulu anqunywa engxenyeni yesithathu. Isiqu sifushaniswa ngo-30-40 cm. Ukuncipha okuqhubekayo kwenziwa lapho kudingeka.
Kubalulekile ukugcwala izihlahla ngasekupheleni kwekwindla. Lokhu kuzovikela izihlahla ze-apula ekulimaleni yi-lichen, moss, futhi futhi kubhubhise izinambuzane nezinhlamvu zamagciwane kumagxolo.
Izincomo zokuhlanza:
- Ngaphambi kokuqala ukugezwa okomhlophe, yonke imifantu nezimbobo ezahlukahlukene zamagxolo esihlahla kufanele zimbozwe nge-pitch yensimu;
- Ngokuhlanza umhlophe, udinga ukulungisa isisombululo, okufanele sibe namakhilogremu ama-2 we-quicklime, amalitha ayi-6 wamanzi kanye nekhilogremu elilodwa lobumba olunamafutha. Zonke izingxenye zixubekile, engeza ubisi oluncane ukuze i-whitewash inamathele kahle ngokhuni;
- Ukuhlanzwa kwabafundi ngezihlahla kufanele kwenziwe ngoNovemba, ngemuva kokuphela kwemvula yasekwindla%
- Ubuso besiqu kanye nezimfoloko, okuyisisekelo samagatsha amakhulu, kwenziwa mhlophe.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane
Ukuze ugweme ukonakala kokhoko ezihlahleni zama-apula, njalo ngonyaka ekwindla, ingadi kufanele ihlanzwe ngokuphelele ngamahlamvu amadala, amavolontiya. Kubalulekile ukumba yonke indawo yombuthano wesiqu, futhi uphathe wonke amanxeba ngama-ejenti akhethekile, isibonelo, i-varnish yensimu.
Uma izihlahla sezivele zinezilonda zesikhumba, khona-ke zidinga ukwelashwa ngenhlanganisela yeBordeaux enesisombululo esingu-1-3%. Lapho ulungiselela le ngxube, kuyadingeka ukuxuba isixazululo se-sulfate yethusi ne-lime.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwesisombululo esingu-1, amagremu ayi-100 we-sulfate yethusi kanye no-120 amagremu we-quicklime kufanele athelwe kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Okokuqala, i-sulfate yethusi kufanele ihlanjululwe kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi abilayo... Bese uthela kancane amalitha ama-5 amanzi abandayo kule ngxube.
I-lime nayo idinga ukuhlanjululwa kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi abilayo. Bese kuthululwa amalitha ama-5 wamanzi abandayo kulesi sixazululo. Zombili izixazululo zihlungwa ngazinye ngezinto ze-gauze. Okulandelayo, isixazululo se-sulfate yethusi sithelwa kusisombululo se-lime. Konke kuyaxubana. Izihlahla kufanele ziphathwe ngale ngxube ezinhlangothini zombili.
Ukufafaza izihlahla kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sekhefu. Ukwelashwa kwesibili kungenziwa ngemuva kokuthi zonke izimbali seziwile.
Amanye amakhambi azosiza ukuqeda izilonda zotwayi. Okuphumelela kakhulu yi "Strobi" ne "Speed". Izihlahla ze-Apple kufanele ziphathwe ngeStrobi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, naseSkor ekwindla. Zombili lezi zidakamizwa ziyahlanjululwa ngendlela efanayo - i-1 ampoule kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi.
Ukubuyekezwa kwengadi
U-Olga: “Isihlahla sama-apula saseGrushovka besilokhu sikhula engadini yami isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuhluka kusheshe. Ngikha izithelo ezivuthiwe ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Yize ama-apula mancane ngosayizi, anambitheka kakhulu. Lapho sezivuthwe ngokuphelele, ziba wudaka oluhlaza nokuphuzi okuluhlaza okunamabala amaningi abomvu noma abomvana. Isakhiwo se-pulp simhlophe. Kodwa-ke, azihlali isikhathi eside kakhulu. "
U-Elena: “Nginezihlahla eziningi zama-aphula zaseGrushovka ezikhula esizeni sami. Baneminyaka engaba ngu-15 ubudala. Ngithola isivuno esikhulu, ngiqoqa kufika kumasaka amathathu ama-apula esihlahleni ngasinye. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siqala ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ama-apula avuthiwe anambitha enhle kakhulu nejusi ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, impilo yeshalofu kuphela ayiyinde, kuphela amasonto ama-3. "
U-Alexander: “Sinesihlahla esisodwa sehhabhula lezinhlobonhlobo zeGrushovka esikhula engadini yethu. Cishe uneminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kusenesikhathi. Sesivele sikha ama-apula avuthiwe ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Umbala wezithelo ezivuthiwe ungumbala oluhlaza okhanyayo onamabala amaningi abomvu. Zinambitheka kahle - zinamanzi, zinoshukela futhi zinamakha. "
Isihlahla sama-apula iGrushovka yizinhlobonhlobo ezindala ezinenani eliphakeme. Izihlahla zimila kahle esifundeni esinanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu, futhi zibekezelela nesithwathwa esibi. Ama-apula avuthiwe anambitheka enhle kakhulu nezinzuzo zezempilo. Ngasikhathi sinye, cishe njalo ngonyaka ungathola izinga eliphakeme lokuvuna.