Lesi sitshalo esivuthwa ekuqaleni sithela izithelo kulo lonke ihlobo. Lesi sitshalo asihloniphi, kepha sidinga ukunakekelwa. Ukutshala nokulima kwenziwa emibhedeni evulekile, ukuze kutholwe izithombo zakuqala, izithombo zitshalwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi ungawutshala kanjani kahle umnkantsha wemifino emhlabathini ovulekile, nokuthi ungawunakekela kanjani ekhaya nokuthi uzowondla kanjani phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhula.
Izinsuku zokutshala imbewu ye-zucchini emhlabathini ovulekile
Qala ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini lapho inhlabathi ishisa ize ifike ku- +12 degrees, hhayi ngaphambi kuka-May. Enhlabathini ebandayo, imbewu ngeke ihlume, izobola futhi ife. Ngakho-ke, ukwehla kuye kushiywe kuze kufike isimo sezulu esifudumele. Ngamaqhwa asebusuku, amahlumela wethenda azobanda. Ukutshala imbewu ye-zucchini yezithombo kwenziwa ngentando, ngoba izithelo zinesikhathi sokuvuthwa futhi zitshalwa ngokushesha nembewu ekujuleni kwenhlabathi.
Ungakwenza lokhu ekuqaleni kukaMeyi (kulayini ophakathi), ngemuva kokuchitha imbobo ngamanzi afudumele. Indawo yokuhlwanyela imbozwe ngeplastikhi engu-5-litre esobala enentamo enqunyiwe. Kuvela ukushisa okuncane okutshala isitshalo ngasinye. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukutshala imifino emhlabathini futhi ku-greenhouse noma greenhouse kuhluke kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuqala kokushisa okuzinzile nokungabikho kwamakhaza ebusuku, i-canister iyasuswa futhi imbewu ingakhula ngokuqhubekayo
Ukulungiswa okufanele kwemibhede nokutshala imbewu ekhaya
Indlela enhle yokulungisa ama-ridges ekwindla. Lapho umba, umquba obolile noma umquba, kwethulwa uhla oluphelele lomanyolo - i-superphosphate, usawoti we-potassium, i-ammonium nitrate. Uma kunesidingo, afakwa umkhawulo wokuqala.
Kuphi futhi yiluphi uhlangothi lokutshala imbewu? I-Zucchini nayo ingahlwanyelwa ezinqwabeni zomquba. Inhlabathi evulekile, ecebile nge-humus iyindawo enhle yalesi siko.
Ungatshali i-zucchini eduze kwethanga. Impova izonciphisa isivuno sezitshalo zombili.
Kwanele ukukhulula umbhede olungiselelwe ekwindla entwasahlobo bese wenza izimbobo kuwo. Isihlahla se-zucchini sine-voluminous, sitshalwe ebangeni lamamitha angu-0.5-0.8. Imbewu iphathwa ngesisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate, umlotha noma i-nitroammofoska, ebambe imizuzu engama-20. Bese ugeza ngamanzi. Lokhu kuzovikela imbewu ezifweni futhi kuqinisekise ukuhluma okuhle.
Faka imbewu engu-2-3 emgodini, uma kwenzeka enye ingavuki. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, shiya isithombo esisodwa, unciphise okusele.
Ukunakekela ngenkathi yokukhula
UZucchini uthanda ukufudumala nomswakama. Esimweni sezulu esomile, kuniselwa kanye ngesonto ngamanzi, kungabandi ngaphezu kwama-22 degrees. Ngokukhula okukhulu kwezithelo - njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu. Kuze kufike amalitha amabili amanzi athelwa ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye. Unganiseli ngaphambi kokuvuna ukuze ukunambitheka kungathinteki.
Isiko alibekezeleli umswakama emaqabungeni. Nisela ngaphansi kwezimpande kusuka enkomishini yokuchelela ngaphandle kwesifutho. Ngemuva kwalokho, baphotha futhi bahlanganisa imithombo.
Isihlahla esikhulu nezithelo ezinkulu kudinga okunomsoco omningi. Ukufaka umquba kuqala ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga eqiniso futhi kuqhubeke sonke isikhathi sokuthela. Umanyolo kuhle ukufaka ifomu eliketshezi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke uthanda imvelo. Ukugqoka amaqabunga kunomphumela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni imifino. Ukufafaza isihlahla njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngesisombululo somanyolo kungakhuphula kakhulu isivuno.
Ukhula luyingozi kuphela luze lukhule ngokuzayo, bamane nje ngeke bakwazi ukukhula ngaphansi komqhele osakazwayo.
Ungayondla futhi uvundise kanjani i-zucchini?
Yimuphi umanyolo osetshenziselwa isitshalo, siwabala:
- Amaminerali.
- Okungokwemvelo.
- Umanyolo ovela kuzindlela ezithuthukisiwe.
Umanyolo wamaminerali
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi siko, kusetshenziswa umanyolo ophelele ophelele ekubunjweni okulandelayo: 1 tbsp. isipuni se-potassium sulfate, i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili, i-urea incibilika kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Ngemuva kokuqedwa okuphelele, kuniselwa ngaphansi kohlelo lwempande ngamalitha ayi-1.5 ngesitshalo ngasinye.
I-nitrogen kubangele ukukhula kobukhulu obuluhlaza besitshalo. Faka isicelo entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Eduze nasekwindla, ukusetshenziswa kwabo akufuneki. Lezi yi-urea, i-ammonium, i-calcium ne-nitrate ye-sodium, i-ammonium sulfate.
I-Phosphoric siza izithelo zivuthwe ngokushesha, unciphise inkathi yokukhula. Lezi yi-superphosphate, i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili, ufulawa we-phosphoric.
Potash ukwandisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ukungabi nomswakama nokushisa. Kwandisa ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Hlukanisa i-potassium sulfate, i-potassium chloride, usawoti we-potassium.
I-Magnesium nokuqukethe i-iron kufaka phakathi i-magnesium oxides, boron, iron. Khulisa isivuno sesithelo nekhwalithi. IMagnesium inegalelo ekunciphisweni kwenhlabathi. Kungcono ukufaka umquba ekwindla ngokohlelo oluthile, oluboniswe kumiyalo.
Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa umanyolo olungiselelwe owenziwe ngomumo. Ziqukethe izakhi zamakhemikhali ezidingekayo njengephesenti. I-Azofoska, i-nitrophoska, i-diammophos ifaka i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen ne-potassium esimweni sokuhlanganiswa kalula kwezitshalo.
Ama-Microadditives abaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezitshalo: i-boric, i-molybdenum, i-manganese, ithusi. Zidinga inani elincane, ziyangezwa enkingeni.
Umanyolo wemvelo
Okungokwemvelo - isakhi esibalulekile kokudla okunomsoco we-zucchini. Zihlanganisa izakhi eziyinhloko - i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, ukulandelela izakhi, amavithamini. Konke lokhu kulula ukukugaya. Ngakho-ke ungondla i-zucchini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Umquba. Imvelo yemvelaphi yezilwane. Ukungondli okunomsoco kakhulu. Ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi. Ukusetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye komanyolo wamaminerali nomquba kuthuthukisa ukwenziwa komanyolo wezimbiwa.
Humus. Umquba obolile. Ithuthukisa isimo nokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Yenziwe ngemuva kwesicelo ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngesikhathi esifushane.
Umquba. Itholakala ngemuva kokubola kwemfucumfucu yemifino nekhishi. Ukuvuthwa kwayo kuhlala okungenani iminyaka emithathu. Isetshenziselwa ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukuhlanganisa.
Ubulongwe bezinyoni... Kuqukethe zonke izithako ezidingekayo, umanyolo obaluleke kakhulu. Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi sikulungele ukufaka isicelo ngaphansi kwezitshalo. Lapho isentsha, iyimbangela futhi ingashisa izimpande namaqabunga.
Peat... Kwenza umhlabathi ube lula, uyondla. Akuyona yonke i-peat enempilo. I-peat emuncu isetshenziswa kumquba.
Eminye imanyolo yemvelo kanye nokufaka umquba
Utshani namaqabunga, imvubelo, umlotha, imfucuza yokudla kusetshenziselwa umsoco.
Utshani obuluhlaza, imbabazane ilunge kakhulu, ifakwa emgqonyeni wamanzi, igcinwe izinsuku eziyi-10-15, bese ithola ukumuncwa ngamakhambi. Yicindezele bese uthola umanyolo omuncwa kalula ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ukugqoka okwenziwe ngamakhambi okuhlaza kutholakala ngokumba nokufaka emhlabathini okhuliswe embhedeni wensimu.
Kushukumisa ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwama-zucchini, izithako zemvubelo. Imvubelo ingangezwa ekufakweni ngamakhambi noma ihlanjululwe emanzini afudumele noshukela.
Ukumnika abantu ngomlotha wokhuni kuqukethe izinto eziningi zokulandela umkhondo, kunciphisa i-asidi yenhlabathi. Ayinayo i-nitrogen, kufanele ingezwe.
Izinambuzane kanye nokulwa nazo
I-Zucchini ingaphansi kwezifo ezilandelayo:
- Ukubola okumhlophe
- Ukubola okumpunga.
- Isikhunta se-Powdery.
- Ukubuna kweFusarium.
Ukubola okumhlophe nokumpunga ihlanganisa amaqabunga, iziqu nama-ovari ngokuqhakaza, ayathamba futhi ome. Kuyisikhunta. Kubonakala esimweni sezulu esibandayo, esimanzi ezindaweni eziminyene. Izinhlamvu ziyaqhubeka emhlabathini. Ukuqeda lesi sifo, fafaza nge-sulfate yethusi, i-zinc sulfuric, isisombululo se-urea. Musa ukuqina ukutshala, amanzi ngamanzi afudumele.
Isikhunta se-Powdery. Amaqabunga athinteka kuqala, bese lesi sifo silimaza sonke isitshalo. Imunca umsoco wezitshalo, inciphisa isivuno. Isakazeka ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, i-nitrogen eyeqile. Iphathwa ngokufafaza nge-colloidal sulphur, ukumnika umquba, isisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Ukubuna kweFusarium kuthinta izimpande. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, idlulela esiqwini, bese iyafa. Kungabhujiswa kuphela ngokushintsha ngokuphelele inhlabathi.
Zonke lezi zifo ziyaqhubeka kudoti wezitshalo nasemhlabathini. Ukubukeka kwazo kungavinjelwa ngokulungiswa okuphelele kwemifula, ukushisa izinsalela zezitshalo, ukucubungula emva kokuvuna, nokubuka ukushintshashintsha kwezitshalo.
Izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane zesikwashi:
- I-melon aphid.
- Isicabucabu.
- I-Whitefly.
Izibungu i-melon aphid ebusika kudoti wezitshalo, zanda ngokushesha entwasahlobo. Zonakalisa iziqu namaqabunga, ngemuva kwalokho ziyoma. Ukuhlanzwa kwamagquma ekwindla, ukushiswa kwemfucumfucu yezitshalo kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane. Ehlobo, izitshalo zifuthwa ngokumuncwa upelepele oshisayo, u-anyanisi, iziqongo zamazambane bese kufakwa uthuli lwogwayi.
Isicabucabu inkathazo encane engabonakali. Kuvela engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga. Kubangela ukuqabuleka kwamaqabunga nokuma. Izinyathelo zokulawula ziyefana nezintwala.
I-Whitefly yakha isembozo esinamathelayo sikashukela ngemuva kwamaqabunga. Lesi yisimo sokwakheka kwezifo zesikhunta ezahlukahlukene nezifo zezitshalo. Izinambuzane zingagezwa ngamanzi, zingazivumeli ukuthi zihlale phansi ngemuva kwalokho. Uma kunesibalo esikhulu sezinambuzane, phatha inhlabathi ngemuva kokuvuna ngesibulali zinambuzane iKomandor.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Izithelo ezimnandi kakhulu futhi ezinempilo yizithelo eziluhlaza ezifika ku-25 cm ubude. Zinesikhumba esincanyana nezinhlamvu ezincane ezingakavuthwa. Ngokususa i-zucchini ngesikhathi, sisiza ukwakheka nokukhula kwama-ovari amasha. Kulokhu, sizoba nemifino emisha kulo lonke ihlobo. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, siqala ukwenza okungenalutho ukugcina ebusika. Sivuna izithelo ngesikhumba esiqinile nesiqu eside sokugcina kangcono. Siqoqa isivuno kuze kube yiqhwa.
Isikwashi esivuthwe kahle singagcinwa egumbini elipholile izinyanga ezi-4-5 kuze kube uMashi.
I-Zucchini isitshalo sokuqala sokuvuthwa, sithola isivuno sokuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Isivuno sokuqala sikuvumela ukuthi uthole amavithamini amasha ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuhlukahlukene kwenza i-zucchini isitshalo esithandwayo phakathi kwabalimi.