Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, umqondo wamajikijolo njengamajikijolo abomvu ushintshile. Abafuyi bakhiqize izinhlobo ezintsha eziphuzi, eziwolintshi, ezinambitheka kamnandi. Phakathi kwabo kufanele kuphawulwe izinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo "I-Orange Miracle".
I-All-Russian Institute of Horticulture iveze umbono wesiteshi sokuhlola esisendaweni yaseBryansk, ngaphansi kobuholi be-I.V. Kazakov.
Incazelo yezihlahla namajikijolo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-raspberry ahlukahlukene we-Orange Miracle
"Isimangaliso esiwolintshi" kubhekiswa ezihlahleni ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, ubude bazo busukela kwimitha elilodwa nengxenye kuya emamitheni amabili. Amagatsha asehlathini amile, kepha ngaphansi kwesisindo sesitshalo angakwazi ukugoba kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uqinise ngokushesha ama-trellises lapho utshala izihlahla.
Bazogcina amagatsha esesimweni esiqondile, benze izimo zokukhanya kwelanga kwamajikijolo, nokuvuthwa kokuqala. Amahlumela ambozwe inqwaba yameva ashintsha umbala kusuka kokuluhlaza kuye koku nsundu. Amahlumela amasha amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa akhiwa minyaka yonke.
Izinhlobonhlobo zokulungisa i- "Orange Miracle" zinesivuno esikhulu. Amajikijolo anombala ophuzi-olintshi ngombala, oyindilinga ngokuma, oyindilinga kancane ezansi. Izithelo ze-orange raspberry zikhula zifike kumasentimitha amane. Futhi isisindo sabo sisuka kumagremu ayisikhombisa kuya kwayishumi nambili. Amajikijolo anesakhiwo esinyene esivimbela ukuchitheka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Orange Miracle" idume ngephunga layo elinothile nokunambitheka okumnandi kwamajikijolo. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo esibalele, amajikijolo aphenduka umbala o-orenji okhanyayo futhi athole ukunambitheka okumnandi. Ehlobo elipholile, umbala uzoba ophuzi kakhulu kunowolintshi, futhi ukunambitheka kube mnandi futhi kumuncu. Kuvunwa kuze kufike kumakhilogremu amabili nesigamu esihlahleni esisodwa. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa yiqiniso lokuthi kuze kufike ku-2/3 wehlumela kuhlala izithelo.
Ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okujiyile, amajikijolo awavamile ukuchitheka. Abesabi ukubambezeleka kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7 ekukhetheni amajikijolo avuthiwe, ngakho-ke izithelo eziyikhulu zingaba segatsheni elilodwa.
Isikhathi sokuvuna
Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuqala ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Kepha inani eliphakeme lokuvuna liqala eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Agasti, iqhubeke kuze kube sekwindla. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, iningi lamajikijolo asethiwe ayavuthwa.
Ubuhle nobubi
"Isimangaliso se-Orange" sithathwa njengesihle kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-remontant zokukhethwa kweRussia.Ake siqaphele izici ezinhle zalolu hlobo:
- isivuno esikhulu sonyaka;
- Ukudilika okuncane kwamajikijolo avuthiwe emagatsheni;
- amajikijolo amakhulu;
- ukunambitheka okumnandi okumnandi ngephunga elimnandi;
- sebenzisa ekwenziweni kokugcina, ukuminyana kanye nama-compotes;
- ukuthuthwa;
- ukumelana nezifo;
- ngenxa yokuqhuma kwezimbali sekwedlule isikhathi, mancane amathuba okuthi angathintwa izinambuzane;
- ukusatshalaliswa kwesimo sezulu okubanzi.
Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zezinhlobonhlobo ze-remontant "i-Orange Miracle" ngukuthela kwamahlumela wonyaka owodwa.
Ngakho-ke, ebusika, amahlumela anqunywa empandeni, okukuvumela ukuthi unciphise ubukhulu bendawo yokukhosela yamajikijolo ebusika.
Phakathi kwalezi zinzuzo, kunezinkinga eziningi. Izazi ze-Agronomists zibhekisela kuzo njengenani elincane lamahlumela amancane esikhundleni samagatsha asikiwe. Uma amagatsha engaboshiwe, khona-ke angakwazi ukugoba ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwesisindo sesithelo., zonakaliswa umoya onamandla, okuholela ekonakaleni kwamajikijolo.
Izinhlobo "Orange Miracle" ziyehluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlobene isivuno esikhulu, ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo amnandi nephunga. Amajikijolo asehlathini ane-hypoallergenic, ngakho-ke anganikezwa izingane ezincane kanye nalabo abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba. Ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwe-folic acid, ziphakeme kunezinye izinhlobo.
Ukukhiqizwa nokunakekelwa kwezihlahla
Ukutshala okusajingijolo izihlahla, indawo ikhethwe kuqala. Kufanele libalele futhi livikeleke emimoyeni esenyakatho. Lokhu kuvumela inhlabathi ukuthi ifudumale ngokushesha, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane. Amagatsha athuthukile aqala ukuqhakaza futhi athele izithelo phambilini, anikeze isivuno esikhulu.
Lungisa ibanga "I-Orange Miracle" kuyahluka ngokuzithoba kohlobo lomhlabathi nendawo yesimo sezulu... Umhlabathi ofanele walolu hlobo lwama-raspberries uzoba inhlabathi elula, evulekile, isibonelo, i-loam, enconywa ukuthi icebiswe ngomquba kanye ne-peat.
Izigaba zokulungiselela
Inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukulungisa inhlabathi, ukusebenzisa umanyolo. Isitoko sikamanyolo emhlabathini siqinisekisa ukuthela kwezihlahla endaweni eyodwa kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.
Abanduleli abampofu bama-raspberries ngamazambane, ukhukhamba, utamatisi nezitshalo zamaqanda. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukuhlehlisa ukufika endaweni enjalo. Cabanga ngokulandelana komsebenzi wokulungiselela.
- Okokuqala, izindawo zokufika ziyanqunywa. Ngendlela yasendle, izithombo zitshalwa ngesikhawu esingu-0.4 m ubude nemitha elilodwa nohhafu phakathi kwemigqa. Ukukhipha ukugoba kwamahlumela ngaphansi kwesisindo sesivuno, izazi zezolimo namahlathi eziningi zincoma ukubopha amahlumela akhulayo ku-trellises.
- Esigabeni sokuqala (inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo) lungisa ingxube ye-humus (cishe i-10 kg), i-superphosphate (15 g), i-potassium sulfate (45 g). I-Potassium ingashintshwa ngomlotha wokhuni (200 g). Ukwakheka okuqediwe kuhlanganiswe nongqimba ophezulu womhlaba.
- Ezindaweni zokufika bamba izimbobo ukujula kwesigamu semitha, uwagcwalise ngama-humus alungiselelwe ngomanyolo wezimbiwa, ohlangene.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, bamba umsele ojule ngemitha eduze kwemigodi. Inhlanganisela yomanyolo ithululelwa kuyo. Imitha yomsele izodinga ingilazi ye-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate kanye nelitha lomlotha wokhuni. Umsele umbozwe umhlaba, uvinjelwe. Lokhu kuvumela umanyolo kanye nomswakama ukuthi kufinyelele kancane kancane ezimpandeni, kuzondle. Isakhiwo silungele ukutshalwa.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo nesikhathi sokutshala
Izinhlobonhlobo zokusajingijolo ze-remontant zingatshalwa ekwindla, entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukugcina izici zezinhlobonhlobo, izingxenye ze-rhizome noma ukusika kusetshenziswa.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi uthenge izithombo zokusajingijolo ezindaweni zokugcina izingane endaweni efanayo yesimo sezulu lapho zizokhula khona.
Ukuze ukhiqize kabusha ama-raspberries kusayithi lakho, ungahlukanisa izingxenye zempande ngama-rhizomes ekwindla bese uzitshala emigodini elungiselelwe. Ngemuva kobusika, bazokhula kahle. Kunconywa ukutshala izithombo kanye nokusika entwasahlobo, ehlobo, ukuze kube nokuqothula okungcono.
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo incishisiwe ukwenza izinto ezimbalwa ezilula:
- izimbobo ezilungiselelwe zithelwa ngamanzi ukuze zimunce ngokuphelele;
- Kwakhiwa indunduma maphakathi nendawo, phezulu kwayo kubekwa izithombo, kuqondiswa izimpande phansi kwegquma;
- umhlaba uthululelwa ezingxenyeni ezincane ngokuthayipha ngesandla;
- ikhola yezimpande kufanele iphume ngaphezu komphetho womhlaba ngemuva kokutshala;
- ukwenza umgodi ongajulile ozungeze isihlahla, unisele isitshalo;
- ngemuva kokumunca amanzi, sigcoba inhlabathi nxazonke, sisebenzisa i-humus, utshani, utshani, i-sawdust, i-peat yalokhu;
- ungqimba lwesivalo semvunge kufanele lube okungenani amasentimitha amahlanu.
Izithombo ezinde zifinyezwe zaba ngamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu.
Izici zokunakekela
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukondla izihlahla ngamanyolo wamaminerali. Ukusheshisa ukukhula kwamahlumela nokuqinisa izimpande, umanyolo we-nitrogen uxubekile (15g / m2), i-potassium noma okunye esikhundleni sayo semvelo - umlotha wokhuni (ingilazi ngemitha eyisikwele). Umanyolo we-nitrogen ungashintshwa ngomquba wezinkukhu. Kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe okokugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala eqhweni elincibilikayo ngendlela eyomile ukuze amaminerali anamanzi ancibilikile angene ezimpandeni.
Ehlobo, asikukhuthazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen, uma kungenjalo izihlahla zizophenduka indawo eluhlaza, inani lezimbali nama-ovari lizoncipha kakhulu.
Enye yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi yokunakekela okusajingijolo okulahlekile ukuthanda kwayo i-hydration. Izimpande zawo zitholakala ekujuleni okujulile, ngakho-ke, lapho kuniselwa, kwanele ukunisela umhlabathi ukuze amanzi angene ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ehlobo ngesikhathi sokusetha amajikijolo nokuvuthwa kwezithelo ngamanzi afudumele. Ngemuva kokuthi umhlaba womile, ukhululeka ngobumnene nangaphansi. Izwe elizungeze izihlahla ligxiliwe, eligcina umswakama, ngenkathi londla inhlabathi ngamahumus.
Ngaphambi kwezihlahla eziqhakazayo, ungafaka umanyolo ngomanyolo onzima ngesilinganiso: uhhafu welitha we-mullein no-50 g womanyolo uhlanjululwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Le mali yanele izihlahla ezinhlanu.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amahlumela abuthakathaka asuswa ezihlahleni, ashiye amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha aqine kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezilungisiwe izitshalo ezinomjikelezo wokuthuthuka wonyaka owodwa. Inzuzo yabo umjikelezo omfushane wokuthuthuka - phakathi nenkathi amahlumela akhula futhi athele izithelo. Ekwindla, ziyoma, futhi zisikwa empandeni, zishiya cishe amasentimitha amathathu.
Sika izihlahla zimbozwe ngotshani, amahlamvu, i-humus. Abanye abalimi bavala amajikijolo ngaphandle kokusika amahlumela ukuvimbela ukukhula okuncane ebusika obufudumele nobusebusuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela amakhulu asiza ukugcina iqhwa, elenza umswakama entwasahlobo. Ngemuva kwalokho ukusoka kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kobisi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Yize amajikijolo ane-remontant emelana kakhulu nezifo ezahlukahlukene futhi mancane amathuba okuthi athintwe yizinambuzane eziyingozi, ezinye izifo zizalwa nazo.
- I-Chlorosis izibonakalisa ngokuphuzi kwamaqabunga eziqongweni, bese iziqu ziphenduka ziphuzi. Ngenxa yalokho, amajikijolo ayoma ngaphambi kokuvuthwa. Esigabeni sokuqala, ama-raspberries afuthwa ngeKugoplex. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukubhekana nalesi sifo, khona-ke indlela eqinile isala - ukusika, ukukhipha amahlathi nokuwashisa. Ukuze uthole i-prophylaxis, kuyadingeka ukuthi welaphe neNitrofen ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela, kanti izihlahla zeMethylmercaptophos zifuthwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ngemuva kwaleli khemikhali, ama-raspberries angavunwa kuphela ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu.
- Ukubola okumpunga kuthinta amajikijolo, ukuwahlanganisa ngokuqhakaza okumpunga. Amajikijolo anjalo ayavunwa futhi abhujiswe. Ngaphambi kokulala ubusika, izihlahla ziphathwa nge-colloidal sulphur ngesilinganiso esingu-100 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi. Amaqabunga aqhakazile - i-Kurpozan noma i-oxychloride yethusi. Ukuthela amajikijolo kufuthwa ngeFundazol, eRonilan. Abasekeli bezindlela zokulawula eziphilayo bayelulekwa ukuba bafafaze inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngomlotha noma i-carbon activated powder.
- Ukugqwala kubangela izigaxa ezibomvu emaqabungeni naseziqu. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, kunconywa ukuthi ufafaze ngengxube ye-1% yeBordeaux ngemuva kokuqhakaza nangemva kokuvuna. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, amajikijolo aphathwa ngeNitrafen.
- Isimanga se-orange kuyaqabukela kugula nge-anthracnose - izindawo ezimpunga, okuholela ekufeni kwezitshalo. Uma izimpawu zesifo ziqashelwe, khona-ke iBordeaux liquid, ithusi i-oxychloride inconyelwa ukwelashwa.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane, ama-raspberries "i-Orange Miracle" avame ukuthintwa yizinambuzane ezinjalo: i-aphid, okusajingijolo ibhungane, isiqu senyongo midge... Uma ama-aphid namabhungane edla amaqabunga nezimbali, khona-ke i-gall midge ibonakala njengokukhula okuyindilinga kumahlumela. Ukubabhubhisa, kukhiqizwa amakhemikhali amaningi ahlukene, phakathi kwawo okuthandwa kakhulu yiKarbofos, Confidor noma i-Aktara. Zisetshenziswa ngokuya ngemiyalo.
Ekuphetheni, siphawula ukuthi impumelelo yabafuyi baseRussia ekuzaliseni izinhlobo ezinama-remontant zama-raspberries ziye zaziswa abalimi. Phakathi kwabo, izinhlobonhlobo "I-Orange Miracle" ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu, ezisetshenziselwa ukudla nokulungiselela.
Ukubuyekeza
UGagina Julia: Ngiyayithanda le nhlobonhlobo ngokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi. Kulo nyaka sithole isivuno sokuqala. Ezihlahleni ezithuthukiswe kahle - amajikijolo amakhulu. Iningi lezithelo likhulu futhi lihle. Siyethemba ukuthi isivuno sizohlangabezana nokulindelwe kwethu.
UMihail66: "Isimangaliso se-orange" sangijabulisa ngesivuno, ukunambitheka nosayizi wamajikijolo. Izolo mina nomkami siqoqe isivuno sethu sokuqala. Sithole ngaphezu kwekilogremu kusuka ehlathini elilodwa. Azikho izilonda ezibonakalayo, isihlahla sibukeka sisihle. Ngivele ngabopha amahlumela, ngafaka izinsiza.
USvetlana Vitalievna: Ijikijolo limnandi kakhulu. Amajikijolo okuqala avuthwa, kepha umoya wawuthatha, amajikijolo amaningi alinyazwa emagatsheni. Ngemuva kwemvula, iberry elivuthiwe kakhulu emagatsheni liyathamba.
Kepha konke kunxeshezelwa ukunambitheka nosayizi wezithelo, iphunga labo. Benza ujamu omnandi onamakha ne-compote. Ngizokhula "i-Orange Miracle" kusayithi lami.