Ngaphambilini, bekukholelwa ukuthi ukhukhamba ahlukaniswa nokuzithoba kwabo kubuchwepheshe bezolimo, bakhula cishe bodwa. Lokhu kuyinkohliso; akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuzokwazi ukutshala isivuno esihle samakhukhamba esimweni esingesihle semvelo ngezimanga zezulu. Kepha uma ucabangela iseluleko sabalimi abanolwazi, khona-ke ungaqoqa isivuno esicebile semifino kulo lonke ihlobo, kuze kufike isimo sezulu esibandayo.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile
Kungenzeka uthole isivuno esikhulu impela engadini yakho uma ulandela ubuchwepheshe futhi wenza ukulawula okufika ngesikhathi. Imithetho esemqoka yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo ifaka phakathi le misebenzi elandelayo:
- izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme,
- ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo nembewu, kuzilungiselela ukuhlwanyela;
- ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi (ukukhulelwa kanye nokubulala amagciwane);
- ukuhleleka kokuhlwanyela imbewu, izithombo;
- ukuchelela;
- ukukhulula nokususa ukhula;
- ukufaka okokugqoka;
- ukuvimbela izifo;
- ukuqoqwa kwezithelo.
Ukhukhamba uthanda inhlabathi evundile enomsoco, ngakho-ke baqala ukulungisa isiza ekwindla, ikakhulukazi uma ukutshala kwenziwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Isiza sonke kumbiwa sihlanganiswe nomquba ne-humus. Entwasahlobo, umhlaba kufanele uphinde umbe futhi unothiswe ngezinto eziphilayo. Ukuhlwanyela kungaqalwa kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ukubulala amagciwane kwenziwa ngokunisela imibhede ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
Lapho ulungisa inhlabathi, udinga ukunquma i-asidi yayo. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa iphepha le-litmus. Ngenkomba eyandisiwe, imvelo ene-asidi kufanele inciphiswe ngokwethula ufulawa we-dolomite noma i-lime echotshoziwe enhlabathini.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu iyahluma ukuze ithole amahlumela ngokushesha. Kusetshenziswa ama-specimens ahluma kuphela. Izinhlamvu zingcwatshwa enhlabathini ngo-2-3 cm.Uma utshala izithombo, izitshalo zisatshalaliswa ku-3-4 izithombo nge-1 m2.
Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela ngamanzi afudumele, amanzi abandayo avimbela ukukhula kwesitshalo. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithelo, ukuchelela kwenziwa isikhathi esi-1 ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, ngemuva kokuqala kokwakheka kwezithelo, umfutho uyanda ezinkambisweni zansuku zonke. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuma kwamanzi emhlabathini.
Esigabeni sokuqala sokwakhiwa kwezitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqhutshwe njalo, okuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokususa ukhula. Ukhula oluningi eduze kwamakhukhamba luyingozi esitshalweni, ngakho-ke akufanele uqale imibhede.
Isonto ngemuva kokutshala izithombo noma ukunciphisa izithombo, umanyolo uyaziswa. Isixazululo esisebenzayo silungiswa ngesisekelo sezinto ezilandelayo:
- ibhakede lamanzi;
- 10 g we-ammonium nitrate;
- 10 g superphosphate;
- 10 g kasawoti we-potassium.
Izinga lokusetshenziswa: 1 litre ngehlathi elilodwa.
Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, kwethulwa ukudla okuhambisanayo okuphindaphindwayo, okwandisa inani lamaminerali ngama-2 ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Izici ezithandekayo zezithelo eziphezulu
Ukukhulisa isivuno, kufanele kubhekwe zonke izinto ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwamakhukhamba.
Imithetho ejwayelekile yokutshala ngokwekhalenda yenyanga ngoMeyi nangoJuni
Abalimi abaningi bahlela ukutshala nokutshala izithombo ngokuya ngezinsuku ezinconyiwe zekhalenda yenyanga. Njengoba ososayensi banamuhla bathole, inyanga iyakuthinta impela ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi ingakhulisa ukuhluma. Umgomo wokufakelwa kabusha ususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi zonke izitshalo ezingaphezulu komhlaba ziyisidina ukutshala emva kwenyanga entsha, nezimpande zezitshalo ngemuva kwenyanga egcwele. Ngokwezinkolelo ezithandwayo, enyangeni egcwele nasezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, awukwazi ukutshala noma ukutshala noma yini. Kepha enyangeni entsha, yisikhathi sokutshala izitshalo zasemoyeni.
Ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zemvuno ephezulu
Ukukhiqiza ngokuyinhloko kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba, kepha lapho ukhetha, kufanelekile ukubheka isimo sezulu esifundeni kanye nezimo ezikhulayo zezinhlamvu ezikhethiwe. Abafuyi benza umzamo omkhulu wokugcwalisa imakethe ngezinhlobo zezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-universal, ezihlukaniswa ngokuvunwa okuphezulu nokuzivikela okuqinile. Phakathi kwalokhu:
- Masha;
- UZozulya;
- Isibindi;
- IPinocchio;
- Kibriya, njll.
Umanyolo, ukugqoka nokugunda
Lapho ukhula ukhukhamba, umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo kanye namaminerali usetshenziselwa ukugqoka. Ngokwendlela yesingeniso, zingamaqabunga nezimpande. Wonke umuntu ukhetha izinketho ezifanele zokuthi ungavundisa kanjani, kepha ochwepheshe batusa ukuzishintshanisa.
Sekukonke, kwethulwe ukugqoka okungu-4:
- Emasontweni amabili emva kokutshala;
- ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kwama-inflorescences;
- phakathi kokuthela;
- Emavikini ama-2.
Ukuze uvimbele umhlabathi ungomi, imibhede iyahlanganiswa. I-sawdust, i-peat noma umquba owomile usetshenziswa njenge-mulch. Indawo enjalo ivimbela ukukhula kokhula, okunciphisa inani lokhula kancane.
Ungayifaki inhlabathi ngotshani obusanda kusikwa, ingathelela isivuno semifino ngezifo.
Ukuqinisa uhlelo lwempande
Ukuze uthole izithelo zesikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo oluqinile lwamagxolo. Lesi sitshalo sidinga usizo ukwakha izimpande ezintsha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukucindezela ngokucophelela isiqu emhlabathini bese usifafaza ngenhlabathi.
Ukususa izihlahla ezinciphile
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwemibhede, udinga ukususa amaqabunga, imiqulu nezithelo ezilimele ezihlahleni, kunciphisa ukuzala kwesitshalo. Futhi, imivimbo emincane ibhekwa njengengadingekile kulesi sitshalo.Imbangela yentuthuko engeyinhle ingahle ihlobene nokugula noma ezinye izinkinga ezibekwe endaweni engcono. Umhlabathi lapho isitshalo sikhule khona kufanele uphathwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Ukuncinza okulungile
Ukudlula lapho kwenziwa isiswebhu esihle, kepha ngaphandle kwezithelo. Ngalokhu, kuma-axils amaqabunga amahlanu okuqala, amahlumela asemaceleni nama-ovari kuma-axils amaqabunga amathathu okuqala ayasuswa. Sika ngokucophelela ngethuluzi elibukhali ukuze ungalimazi isiqu namanye amahlumela. Kulungile ukwenza inqubo lapho ubude bezinsizwa bufinyelela ku-3-6 cm.
I-garter yokuqhuma kufanele yenziwe ukuze imifino neziqu kungaboli kusuka kumswakama okweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhukhamba uyakuthanda ukukhanya okuhlinzekwa yimibhede emi mpo ngokuphelele. Kulula ukwakha i-trellis: shayela izisekeli emhlabathini emaphethelweni omugqa, ubophe izintambo kubo bese wehlisa intambo eceleni kwazo, ezosala izungeze isiqu (hhayi esiqinile!) Izikhathi eziningana.
Izenzo ezingeziwe zokukhulisa isivuno
Ngaphezu kwemithetho evunyelwe jikelele yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, abalimi abaningi basebenzisa izimfihlo zabo ukukhulisa isivuno. Phakathi kokusebenza ngempumelelo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu okuqinisekisiwe, amathiphu alandelayo ayabonakala.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kufanele uhlole umhlabathi. Ngetafula lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushintshele ezitshalweni ezikhulayo ku-greenhouse enesistimu yokuhambisa amanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sebenzisa i-hydrogel ezodonsa umswakama owedlulele womhlabathi.
- Lesi sitshalo sine-thermophilic. Abaningi abasoli ngisho nokusola ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukunisela ngamanzi agobhozayo avela emibeni yamanzi noma emithonjeni, ngoba lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokuthela. Uketshezi olusetshenzisiwe kufanele luxazululwe kungakapheli ama-23-24 degrees.
- Ukuqoqwa kwezithelo kufanele kwenziwe njalo, akunandaba ukuthi kuyinto yansuku zonke noma kanye ezinsukwini ezimbili. Ukungahambi kahle kunomthelela ekwehliseni isivuno. Ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa, udinga ukuphatha ngokucophelela ukuqhuma, ukulimala esiqwini noma kumagatsha nakho kuthinta kabi ukuthela.
- Ukhukhamba udinga i-carbon dioxide ye-photosynthesis. Lapho ikhulele ku-greenhouse, ukuntuleka kwayo kuvame ukuvela, ngakho-ke kunesidingo sokugcwaliswa kabusha kokufakelwa. Kulula ukukwenza lokhu: ukumboza inhlabathi ngomquba (ungqimba oluyi-3-5 cm), khanyisa isifutho segesi isikhashana, noma usakaze izingcezu zeqhwa elomile eceleni kwemibhede.
- Ukondla ngobisi kuzosheshisa ukukhula kwesitshalo, futhi kuqinise amasosha omzimba. Njalo emavikini amabili, kufakwa ubisi, kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2 empandeni.
- Izithelo zithonywe izitshalo ezingomakhelwane. Ezinye zakha ukuvikeleka kwamakhukhamba ezinambuzane nasezifweni, ezinye zinciphisa ukuthela. Kunconywa ukutshala imidumba (ubhontshisi, isilimo esinengono emnandi edliwayo, uphizi), upelepele, izitshalo zamaqanda, njll.
Ikhalenda le-Lunar lokutshala ukhukhamba wango-2018
Ngokwekhalenda yenyanga ngo-2018, umsebenzi wokufika unqunywa yizinombolo ezilandelayo:
- izitshalo ezingaphezulu komhlaba - ngoFebhuwari (16-28), Mashi (17-29), Ephreli (16-28);
- izimpande zezitshalo - Februwari (1-15), Mashi (3-16), Ephreli (1-15).
Ngokucabangela i-constellation ye-zodiacal, evumelana nokukhula kwamakhukhamba, kunconywa ukutshala: ngoMashi kusuka ku-19 kuya ku-24 no-27.28; ngo-Ephreli kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-9 nokusuka ku-20 kuya ku-24.
Usuku ngokwekhalenda yenyanga lukhethwa kucatshangelwa izici zesimo sezulu sendawo kanye nohlobo lwamasiko. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esivumelana kakhulu nokwehla kolwandle kungaba ukuqala kukaMeyi.
Kwezinye izifunda, nguJuni kuphela ofanele ukwehla. Izeluleko namasu achaziwe ayenzeka futhi ayafinyeleleka, ngakho-ke impumelelo yesivuno esisha isezandleni zensimu. Ngonyaka okhiqizayo, ungaphuthelwa yithuba lokususa inani elirekhodiwe lezithelo engadini encane noma emasimini.