I-African swine fever (ASF) yaziwa njengesinye sezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi kakhulu futhi eziyingozi. Izinga lokufa phakathi kwezilwane zasendle nezasekhaya liphezulu kakhulu. Leli gciwane lithinta yonke imfuyo, ngaphandle kweminyaka nezinga lamazinyane ezingulube... Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi i-ASF ayidluliseli kubantu, kepha idala ukulahleka okukhulu kwezolimo, ngoba bebengakayenzi i-serum yokwelapha lesi sifo. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ngezimpawu zalesi sifo nokuthi ungasinqanda kanjani.
I-African swine fever
I-African swine fever yisifo sesilwane esithathelwanayo. Umthombo wezifo - i-DNA equkethe igciwane. Kungokwesigaba esehlukile. Kunezinhlobo ze-A no-B zaleli gciwane, kanye nama-subspecies C. Alikwazi ukumelana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, alizibandakanyi ekubandeni, ekuboleni nasekumiseni.
I-ASF yeza kithi ivela eNingizimu Afrika... Izimpawu zokuqala zokubonakala kwezifo zabhalwa ngo-1903. Ngemuva kwalokho, leli gciwane lavela ePortugal naseSpain, futhi ukusuka lapho kwavela eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Namuhla, amathuba okuthola isifo ayatholakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba.
Ukutheleleka kuthwalwa izingulube ezinegciwane noma ezitholakeleezithwala igciwane kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-18.
Ukutheleleka kungena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwamafinyila olonakele, isikhumba, igazi, ukulunywa yizinambuzane, ngokudla okungcolisiwe nange-alimentary. Ngokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala, cishe abantu abangama-37% baba izisulu zalesi sifo. Lesi sifo siyingozi, noma ngabe sigcinwa kuphi isilwane.
Izimpawu zokuqala nezimpawu
Inkathi yokufukanyelwa ihlala amaviki angu-1-2. Ngakho-ke, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngokushesha nangokunembile. Kuya ngezinga lesifo, kuvela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene:
- phezulu izinga lokushisa (ngenhla kuka-40 ° C);
- ukuntula ukudla;
- ukubonakaliswa kokunganaki;
- kuvinjelwe umoya;
- ukukhishwa kusukela ekhaleni nasemehlweni;
- kwezinye izimo - i-molt;
- bukhali, akunangqondo icala;
- ukwephulwa kwamakhono emoto;
- ukungasebenzi kahle komgudu wamathumbu;
- ukulimaza, i-edema engaphansi kwesikhumba;
- imfiva eguquguqukayo;
- inyumoniya;
Ngenxa yokwehluka kwezimpawu (ukuguquka kwegciwane), kungenzeka zingabonakali kuzo zonke izilwane.
Isimo esingalapheki nesingajwayelekile sesifo
Kuya ngezinga lokutheleleka, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingapheli zesifo.
Isifo esingalapheki ingahlala izinyanga ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Izingulube zihlushwa isifo sohudo esivela njalo, ukuhlaselwa umkhuhlane, ukungakuthandi ukudla, inyumoniya. Izilwane zinciphisa isisindo, imibimbi yazo yesikhumba, imihuzuko ivela ezindlebeni, emsileni nasemilenzeni. Ngaleli fomu lesifo, izimpawu zomtholampilo zingahluka kakhulu. Zonke izimo zokutheleleka ziphela ngendlela yesilwane esibulalayo.... Leli gciwane alisuswanga emzimbeni, futhi lezi zingulube zihlala zithwala igciwane.
Uhlobo lwe-Atypical lwegciwane laseMelika Kuvame ukutholakala ezingulubeni ezincelayo nakulabo abalumulile abanokuvikeleka komama, noma bangenwe yigciwane elibuthakathaka elinamandla le-serogroup B. Ezigabeni zokuqala zalesi sifo, isifo sibonakaliswa emtholampilo ngokwenqaba ukudla, i-conjunctivitis, nokulimala. Ezinye izingulube zilulama ngokuphelele, kanti ezinye zivele zibe nezinkinga ngamagciwane wesibili amabhaktheriya. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela inyumoniya enkulu ne-gastroenterocolitis, ephela ngokufa kwesilwane kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu. Izingulube ezithelelekile azilulami ngokuphelele futhi zihlala zithwala lesi sifo isikhathi eside. Ukufa ezimweni ezinjalo kungama-30 - 60%.
Umuthi wokugomela osebenza ngempumelelo wokulwa nalesi sifo awukenziwa, futhi ayikho imishanguzo engaselapha. Izinga lokufa kwezilwane ezigulayo cishe liyi-100%.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ASF
Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile kwesifo sase-Afrika. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo sedatha ye-pathological and epizootological, izimpawu zomtholampilo kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelabhoratri. Kulokhu, kuthathwa isampula segazi ezilwaneni ezigulayo, futhi izingcezu zezitho zomzimba zithathwa ezidunjini.
Ukulethwa kwezinhlayiya zobende ezivela ezilwaneni eziningi kwenziwa uma igciwane lingahlukaniswa futhi kusungulwe izifo. I-biomaterial idluliswa ngefomu lekhwalithi futhi ihanjiswa ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngakho-ke, inhlayiya ngayinye ibekwa esikhwameni ngasinye, bese isitsheni esineqhwa. Izicucu akumele zifrizemina, ukupholisa okulula kwanele.
Isampula yegazi yezilingo ze-immunosorbent exhumene ne-serological enzyme (ELISA) kufanele ithathwe ezilwaneni ezigulayo isikhathi eside noma ezixhumene nezingulube ezinegciwane, futhi ngokusola ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesifo.
Ukwelashwa ngegciwane, ukwahlukaniswa
Kuze kube manje, azikho izidakamizwa ezenzelwe ukulwa nalesi sifo, futhi I-African swine fever ibhekwa njengeyingozi... Ngesikhathi sokuqala sokutheleleka, esiphakamise izinsolo ze-ASF, amanye amapulazi ezingulube ahlinzeka ngemigomo ephuthumayo yazo zonke izilwane. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zivumela ukusindisa ezinye izingulube ezinegciwane. Imfuyo ubuchwepheshe, yonke imfuyo iyahlatshwa endaweni eqhelile nokushiswa kwezidumbu okwalandela.
Izindlela zakudala zokuvimbela izifo
Ngoba, ukuvikela ukutheleleka ipulazi lezingulube, zombili ezine-distemper yakudala ne-ASF, kufanele landela le mithetho:
- ukuthenga okuphakelayo ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa ngaphambi kokudla;
- ngokuhlelekile sebulala amagciwane epulazini bese wondla izinqolobane zokugcina ukudla, kanye nokwelashwa ngokumelene nama-parasites ahlukahlukene;
- vimbela izingulube ukuthi zihlangane nezilwane ezivela kwamanye amapulazi, izilwane ezifuywayo nezinyoni ezidla inyama ezithwala izifo;
- ungalethi imishini engafakwanga amagciwane epulazini lezingulube, kanye nokuthuthwa okusuka endaweni engcolisiwe engacutshungulwanga;
- thenga izingulube kuphela ngemibhalo yezilwaneeqinisekisa idatha yezilwane. Izingulube ezethulwe kufanele zihlukaniswe ngaphambi kokungena esibayeni esivamile;
- njalo goma izifo ezinkulu, ungakhohlwa ukwenza izivivinyo zezilwane. Ukuhlatshwa kwezilwane kufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile.
Ngokusola okuncane kokutheleleka, ingulube kufanele ihlukaniswe, futhi ukufinyelela kwezinye izilwane kufanele kuvalwe. Uma kunesidingo, thumela ekuhlatshweni.
Ingabe i-African swine fever iyingozi kubantu futhi ingabe inyama enjalo ingadliwa?
Uma ubuza lo mbuzo: "Ingabe kufanelekile ukwesaba lesi sifo kumuntu?", Khona-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuthola impendulo eqondile. Kubantu, lesi sifo asibeki ingozi ethile.... Ngokuqondile, awekho amacala okutheleleka komuntu aqoshiwe. Imikhiqizo yezilwane ezigulayo ingasetshenziswa ekuphekeni kuphela ngemuva kokwelashwa isikhathi eside kokushisa (ungapheka futhi uthose inyama, kepha ukubhema akuwabulali amagciwane). Kepha uma ucabanga ngakho, isekhona ingozi yokutheleleka. Lesi yisifo, futhi asikaqondakali ngokugcwele. Ezinye izibonelo zalokhu:
- Igciwane le-ASF aliyona ingozi kubantu, kodwa noma yikuphi ukutheleleka kunciphisa ukusabela kokuzivikela kwanoma yisiphi isidalwa. Kube nezimo zokutholwa kwamasosha omzimba alwa nobhubhane emzimbeni womuntu, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abantu bangabekezelela lesi sifo ngaphandle kwezimpawu.
- Lokhu ukutheleleka kuvela ngokungalindelekile, okunguye kuphela omele isigaba sama-asfaviruses. Leli gciwane liyashintsha, okungaholela ekwandeni kohlobo lwalo. Kukhona ingozi yokuthi umuntu angatheleleka ngayo.
- Kunobufakazi bokuthi leli gciwane selitholakele kubantu abaphethwe yilesi sifo imfiva eshisayo... Lokhu ukutheleleka kungahambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene ezinzima.
Kungaphethwa ngokuthi I-African swine fever ayibeki ingozi enkulu kubantu, kepha ukuphepha, ukuxhumana nezingulube ezinegciwane kufanele kugwenywe.
I-African swine fever iyabulala. Kubangelwa ubungqabavu obukhethekile begciwane, okuthi, lapho lingena emzimbeni wengulube, liqale ukwanda ngokushesha. Kuthinta izilwane ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwendawo eyi-10 km. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi, ezingeni likahulumeni, athuthukile izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula ukutheleleka kwe-swine fever e-Afrika, kanye nohlelo lwezemfundo mayelana nokuthi kungaba yini nokuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu ze-African swine fever ngesikhathi.