Akuzange kube khona ukuphikisana nokuxoxisana okuningi nganoma iyiphi enye inhlobo ye-sitrobheli njengaseChamora Turusi. Amajikijolo amakhulu, afinyelela ubukhulu be-apula elincane, akhulisa ukungabaza ngomsuka. Ukuzwa, noma kunjalo, ngokushesha kunikeza indlela yokuncoma ngemuva kokuzama kokuqala.
Iphunga lama-strawberry asendle nesakhiwo esibucayi soginindela alinakushiya noma iyiphi i-gourmet ingenandaba.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-chamora turusi
Izinhlobonhlobo zazalaniswa mhlawumbe ngabazalisi baseJapan abawela "imidondoshiya" emibili ndawonye. Imininingwane ayaziwa ngokuqinisekile, noma ngabe lezi izithelo zomsebenzi wososayensi, noma abalimi.
Ihlathi likhula libe lide ngomqhele osakazekayo onamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani kanye nentshebe ende. Ama-peduncles aminyene, aluhlaza futhi izimbali zikhulu.
Isivuno sesiko eliphakathi nendawo sekwephuzile esihlahleni kusuka ku-1.8 kuye ku-3 kg, isisindo samajikijolo kusuka ku-80 kuya ku-110 amagremu... I-Chamora turusi ivuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi - engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi (izinsuku eziyi-15-25).
Isikhathi sokuthela kanye nekhwalithi yamajikijolo kuncike ekunakekelweni kwesitshalo, ezimweni ezinhle kuyizinyanga eziyi-1-2.
Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, izihlahla azivunyelwe ukuqhakaza, izimbali nama-peduncle kususwa ngommese obukhali. Eminyakeni emibili elandelayo, ama-strawberry ajabulisa isivuno esikhulu nezithelo ezinkulu. Iminyaka engu-4-5, ubukhulu buyancishiswa, kanye nesikhathi sokuthela. Lolu uhlobo lwesiginali sokutshala ungene enhlabathini enomsoco.
Isimo sezulu samajikijolo akhulayo silinganisiwe, inhlabathi ivundile. Abenzi bezingadi bezandla bayakwazi ukutshala i-chamora turusi ezimweni ezisenyakatho. Kuyiqiniso, inkathi yezithelo imfushane, futhi izithelo zikala ngokwesilinganiso esingu-35-50 g izinhlobo zokumelana nesithwathwa.
Kepha akukufanele ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, lesi sitshalo siyafa ngokuma komhlabathi. Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabalimi, isitshalo ayibandi ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela ekhethekile kuma-degree angama -33... Uma usebenzisa i-agrofibre, isivuno siyanda. Isiko lingamelana nobusika ngesithunzi ngokulungiselela nokunakekela okufanele.
Akufanele utshale izilimo eziyizigaxa ezindaweni eziphansi nasezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Isistimu yezimpande ifa ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi.
Izici zamajikijolo
I-Chamora turusi berry inomumo oyindilinga oyindilinga namafolda nama-scallops. Isisindo esimaphakathi ngama-gramu angama-80, kepha ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo ungathola izithelo 110-130 gr.
Ama-strawberry avuthiwe abonakala ngombala obomvu omnyama onombala onsundu. Iphunga kuthiwa isitrobheli. Ngo-Agasti, umbhede ugcwele kakhulu izithelo, isithombe siyakhanga ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.
Isiko likwazi ukuthela izithelo ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele, kepha isisindo sesithelo kuleli cala akuvamile ukudlula ama-40-50 amagremu. Endaweni eyodwa, ama-strawberry athela izithelo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12 ngokunisela kokuqala.
Leli qiniso alibhekwa kumongo wokushoda kokuqina. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lokhu kuhluka akuyona eyokuvilapha. Kunalokho ukufuna ngenkani, ngobumnene ngisho nokuguquguquka.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda esikhulayo
Uhlu lozalo lwama-strawberry alwaziwa ngokuqinisekile, kepha kukholakala ukuthi i-hybrid yazalelwa ngokukhethwa ososayensi baseJapan basebenzisa UGigantella Maxim noma u-Queen Elizabeth.
Ukufana nezinhlobonhlobo nakho kushiwo encazelweni yesayensi. Ngakho-ke, iJapane ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kweChamora Turusi.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Ukwenza isithombe mayelana nokuhlukahluka kucace, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngobuhle nobubi besiko.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-chamora turusi zifaka:
- osayizi abakhulu amajikijolo anephunga elimnandi le-sitrobheli nokunambitheka;
- izithelo ziqinile, zikubekezelela kalula ukuthuthwa, kuyilapho zigcina ubuqotho;
- ikhule futhi ithele izithelo endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingi;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- isiko alifuni ngenhloso yokuloba;
- ukumelana nokwakheka kwe-powdery isikhutha.
Lapho ukhula ama-strawberry, kufanelekile ukucabangela ubuthakathaka bawo:
- ukuzwela ukuchelela ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuthuthuka kwamahlathi;
- ingahlasela imikhaza kanye nama-slugs;
- indawo enkulu iyadingeka ukwehla;
- izifo ezihambisanayo: i-verticillosis, ukubola okumpunga, izindawo ezinsundu nezimhlophe.
Ukuhambisana nemithetho ejwayelekile yokunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuvimbela ukuvela kwezinkinga eziningi ezibalwe.
Ama-nuances ama-strawberry aseJapan akhulayo
Imithetho yokukhulisa i-chamora turusi ngokuvamile iyafana nezinye izinhlobo ze-sitrobheli. Kepha kusekhona ezinye izici. Kufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze zigweme ukumangala okungathandeki.
- Lapho uhlela imibhede ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhwa ebangeni eliphakathi kwezihlahla... Ngokwesiko eliqinile, izinambuzane zimpande kahle, izifo zefungal ziyakhula. Isikhala esinconyiwe phakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa sinjalo 30x60 cm... Ezifundeni lapho umswakama ophezulu isikhathi esiningi, inkomba inyuka iye kuma-50 cm.
- Ukuba khona kwezinhlangothi eziphansi emibhedeni (20-25 cm) kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise i-agrofibre ukuthola isivuno sangaphambilini futhi uvikele izitshalo emakhazeni asekupheleni kwesikhathi.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi impela icebisile okungokwemvelo noma komanyolo wamaminerali. I-Chamora Turusi ithanda inhlabathi enomsoco.
- Ukunisela ngesikhathi se-fruiting kuncishisiwe. Ukunisela ngokweqile kuthinta ukuzwakala kwamajikijolo.
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa akudingeki ukujuliswa emhlabathini. Lokhu kungadala ukwakheka kwesikhunta esimpunga. Futhi, ukutshala okungafanele kunciphisa ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo.
Ukutshala izithombo
Indawo yokutshala izithombo iyakhethwa kukhanyiswe kahle (okungenani amahora ayi-12 ngosuku). Ezindaweni ezinemithambeka, kukhethwa ukuphakama. Izinhlobo ezingamaxhaphozi nezinhlabathi ezinosawoti azifanelekile.
Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululwe ngokuphelele futhi ucebiswe nge-humus noma enye into ephilayo. I-Chamora Turusi nayo iyathanda: umanyolo wezimbiwa, i-mullein, ubulembu bezinkukhu (sebenzisa udosi futhi ngokucophelela ukuze ungashisi isitshalo).
Lapho umaka imibhede, kufanele unamathele ezikhathini ezinconyiwe phakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa: 35x60 cm (1m2, 4 izitshalo).
Imithombo ayidingi ukwenziwa ijule kakhulu, kwanele u-12-15 cm.Impumelelo yokukhulisa isiko incike, ikakhulukazi, kwikhwalithi yento yokutshala. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukunaka ama-rosettes atholakala ku-bud ye-tendril yokuqala.
Ukutshala ihlumela enkomishini epulasitiki egcwele i-peat kubhekwa njengezimo ezinhle zokuqothula. Isithombo sibekwa emhlabathini ndawonye nesigaxa ukuze isitshalo singabi nengcindezi encane. Uma ikhwalithi yezithombo ingabazeki, uhlelo lwempande kufanele luphathwe ngesikhuthazi sokukhula (isisombululo seRadifarm).
Isikhathi sokutshala ama-strawberry sincike ezimweni zezulu.
Emzileni ophakathi kungenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, nasezindaweni ezifudumele ezibonakala ngeqhwa elincane ebusika, ngoMeyi.
Esimweni sezulu esipholile, kukhethwa isikhathi sekwindla, lapho kusungulwa izinga lokushisa elihle nomswakama. Ochwepheshe batusa ukulungisa imibhede ekwindla: bamba uhlanganise inhlabathi nofulawa we-dolomite.
Izinyathelo ezibophezelekile zokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa ezintsha zifaka:
- ukucwilisa izimpande ze-sitrobheli kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate usuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi;
- ukuzicubungula ngenhlanganisela yomquba nobumba, kulandele amahora amabili omiswe;
- ukwakheka kwesiduli esincane emgodini sokufaka i-tuber;
- ukubuyisela emuva nokubumbana kwenhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokutshala, ama-strawberry aniselwa kakhulu kuze kube sekupheleni kwesigaba sokuzivumelanisa nemvelo yangaphandle.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukunisela
Nisela isitshalo kakhulu emva kokutshala nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Ngemuva kokuqala kwe-fruiting, inani lamanzi liyancipha. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi ungagxili kwizibalo ezinconyiwe, kepha ezingeni lomswakama womhlabathi.
Imvamisa yokunisela i 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini eziyi-3-4... Ama-Strawberries, yize eyisiko elithanda umswakama, angabola kusuka kumswakama oweqile.
Uhlelo lokudonsa olwakha indawo yokuhlala enethezekile lubhekwa njengenketho ekahle. Ukunisela nge-Sprinkler nakho kufanelekile. Nisela izitshalo kuze kube phakathi nasekwindla, lapho kungekho zimvula ezinkulu.
Inhlabathi nomanyolo
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ama-strawberry aqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokwehla... Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, isivuno sizotholakala ngonyaka wesithathu. Ukuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi yome futhi ibole izithelo ezivuthayo, udinga ukugubuzela ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ngotshani, sawdust noma enye into yokumboza.
Imvamisa asikho isidingo sokwethula umanyolo, ukondleka ngokweqile kuzoholela ekukhuleni kwamaqabunga, hhayi ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande.
Engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti, udinga ukuqeda ukusika amaqabunga nezintshebe... Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi liphathwa ngesixazululo se-fungicide (2%). Uma kutholakala izimpande zenhlabathi empandeni, zimboze nge-substrate.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, umbhede ugcwele ungqimba lwe-sawdust noma enye inkuni eyomile (ubukhulu bomcamelo okungenani u-5-7 cm). Ngenye indlela, sebenzisa i-agrofibre.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha
Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhiqiza kabusha i-chamora turusi.
Amadevu
Indlela elula yokuthola isithombo esisha ivela kumadevu. Ukwenza lokhu, esitshalweni esifinyelele eminyakeni engu-2-3 ubudala, izinketho ezithembisa kakhulu (kufika kuma-PC ama-5.) Zikhethiwe, zikhula eduze nendawo okuthengwa kuyo. Bangamane bangcwatshwe phansi kusetshenziswa ucingo olugobile, noma basikwe ukuze bangene engilazini yesisombululo esikhuthaza izimpande.
Esimweni sokuqala, ihlumela elincane lizoqala izimpande ngemuva Izinyanga eziyi-1-1.5 (ihlukanisiwe futhi itshalwe kabusha). Kwesibili - kudlule Amasonto 2-3 Amadevu azogxila futhi akulungele ukutshala.
Ukwahlukanisa isihlahla
Indlela yokwehlukanisa ifaka phakathi ukukhethwa kwesihlahla esihle esinempilo kokulandelayo kwehlukaniswe izingxenye 2-4.
Isiqephu ngasinye kufanele okungenani sibe namaqabunga ama-4-5 kanye nempande engu-5-6 cm ubude.Ngemva kwenqubo, izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Imbewu
Indlela yokusabalalisa ngezinhlamvu ithathwa njengesidla isikhathi esiningi futhi engalindelekile.
Le nqubo ifaka ukuhlukanisa uginindela kumajikijolo amakhulu ukuze omiswe ngokulandelayo. Imbewu ekhethiwe itshalwe ngoMashi esitsheni esine-substrate (inhlabathi yonke, i-peat, i-humus) futhi embozwe ngesembozo.
Emasontweni amabili alandelayo, ukutshala kugcinwa esiqandisini, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho kubekwe efasiteleni bese kumanziswa ngezikhathi ezithile ngokufafaza. Ngemuva kokwakheka 2 amaqabunga ihlumela lifuduselwa embizeni ehlukile. Futhi ngemuva kokubonakala 5-6 amashidi - emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ama-Strawberries athanda uku izifo fungal, kodwa ngokuvamile kuyamangaza i-verticilliasis... Ukwelashwa akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele.
I-Verticillosis
Lapho isihlahla sonakaliswa yi-verticillosis, isitshalo siyabuna nokwakhiwa kwamabala amaqabunga aphuzi ngokubomvu aphethe umbozo ocishe ube mnyama ku-tuber. Isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa: iBenorad, iFundazol. Abakwazi ukuphatha isitshalo esigulayo hhayi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu ngesizini.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvikela, ngaphambi kokutshala, impande ifakwa kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, amaqabunga alimele namahlumela kususwa ngokushesha.
I-Fusarium
I-Fusarium ibonakala ophuzi, amashidi omisa ngokusheshaisokhethi eliwayo. Amadevu aphenduka ansundu.
Isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa: Benomil, Benorad, Fundazol. Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukusindisa isitshalo, inhlabathi endaweni yayo iphathwa ngeNitrofen.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvikela, kusetshenziswa lezi zindlela ezilandelayo: ukudluliswa okufika ngesikhathi kwemibhede enhlabathini evundile ngokwengeziwe, ukwethulwa okuvamile kofulawa we-dolomite emhlabathini, ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo kwesiza nge-fungicide.
Ukubola okumpunga
Ukubola okumpunga kubonakala ngokubunjwa izindawo ezimpunga ezimnyama ku-berryembozwe inqwaba elula enamachashazi amancane amnyama.
Ukwelapha, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa: I-Fundazol, i-Teldor, i-Bayleton, njll. Njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuthi kugcinwe le mithetho elandelayo: lapho utshala, shiya isikhala esanele phakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, uvuselele imibhede ngesikhathi esifanele, ungasebenzisi umquba omusha wokuheha.
Ukubola kwezimpande ezimnyama
I-Rhizoctonia noma ukubola kwezimpande ezimnyama kuthinta uhlelo lwempande, izibonakalisa ngesimo samabala ansundu, omile futhi ewa amaqabunga.
Azikho izindlela zokulawula lesi sifo, kepha inkinga ingavinjelwa ngokubulala amagciwane izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala nokutshala kabusha izihlahla endaweni entsha.
Izinambuzane
Kusuka ezinambuzane kuma-strawberry, izibungu ziyahlasela Kwangathi ibhungane nesitrobheli izimbuzane... Esimweni sokuqala, amaqabunga amakhulu aphuzi futhi awayo abonwa ekuqaleni kwesizini. Futhi kowesibili - ukusonteka kwabo nokusonteka babe amashubhu.
Lapho kutholakala izinambuzane, kufanele usabele ngokushesha ukuze ube nesikhathi sokulondoloza isitshalo. Kuyadingeka ukufafaza izihlahla ngamalungiselelo akhethekile: Karbofos, Neoron, Fitoferm, njll.
Kusuka kwizibungu Kwangathi ibhungane ukuvimbela kuzosiza - ukwelashwa kwemibhede ngaphambi kokutshala ngeBazudin, Antichrushchev, Aktara, ukutshala i-turnips eseduze, i-lupins ne-clover emhlophe. Ukuvela isitrobheli mite kuvimbela ishawa yokuqhathanisa (ukushintshanisa ukufafaza ngamanzi ashisayo nabandayo).
Wonke umuntu angakhula ijikijolo elikhulu, umuntu kufanele akhombise ukubekezela okuncane futhi anikeze isitshalo ngokunakekelwa okufanele.