Amazambane yisitshalo esithandwa kakhulu eRussia. Ikhula kuyo yonke ingadi, kuthi ngokufika kwekwindla isuswe iye eziseleni ukuze igcinwe isikhathi eside. Kodwa, ngeshwa, kwenzeka ukuthi izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ziqala ukushintsha zibe mnyama. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sale nqubo isitoreji esingalungile. Ake sithole ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma izithombo zinesikhathi sokuqandisa.
Izinkinga zesitoreji
Ngisho nemifino ebukeka iphilile ingaba namabala amnyama. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka kaningi kuyimfihlo. Uma le nkinga isabalele kakhulu esivuno, kudingeka kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezingagcinwa ebusika
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-380 zamazambane. Zonke ziyehluka ngombala wesikhumba, uginindela, ukunambitheka, usayizi wezitshalo wezimpande, isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Lapho ukhetha amazambane wokugcina isikhathi eside, udinga ukuqondiswa enye inkomba - its ukugcina ikhwalithi.
Ukugcinwa kwamazambane kuthinteka ngqo yizinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe ngokuya ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Izinhlobonhlobo ezingafaneleki kakhulu ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, imifino enjalo ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ekudleni ehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla ephezulu. Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa okulingene kuze kube sekwephuzile zilungele ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside.
Lapho ukhetha ithemu, udinga ukubheka ukuze ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe besitshalo sezimpande kufinyelele Izinsuku eziyi-100-130... Amazambane anjalo akha isikhumba esinyene, abhekana kahle nezifo, futhi aqukethe inani elikhulu lama-tannins.
Kungcono ukuthenga izinhlobo eziningana zamazambane uma kungekho okuhlangenwe nakho kokutshala nokugcina uhlobo oluthile lwesitshalo sezimpande.
Izinhlobo eziseduze zokugcina isikhathi eside efanelekile kakhulu... Ziqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezilandelwayo futhi zizohlala kuze kube sentwasahlobo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zamuva: "Picasso", "Zhuravinka", "Lorkh", "Atlant", "Vesnyanka".
Ukushisa okulungile nomswakama wamazambane
Gcina imifino ezingeni lokushisa +2 +6 degrees, futhi umswakama womoya kufanele ube sezingeni 80-90%... Isikhala sokugcina esifaneleke kakhulu iyisela noma igumbi elingaphansi.
Ukuphefumula kwegumbi kuyinto efiselekayo. Ekushiseni kwama-0-1 degrees, amazambane awaboli, kepha aba mnandi, futhi inyama iba mnyama. Ekushiseni kwama-7-12 degrees, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziqala ukuhluma, zithambe, kuvele amabala kuginindela.
Kungani amazambane aphenduka amnyama ngaphakathi ngenkathi kugcinwa
Ukuhwalala kungenzeka ngenxa yezifo - indawo empunga.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokumnyama:
- isiko ayithandi into entsha ephilayo, njengoba kukhishwa i-nitrogen eyeqile, enikela ekukhuleni kwesikhunta. Lokhu kuzokwenza mnyama amazambane;
- lapho kuvela khona isivuno sezimpande, kukhona ukushoda noma umswakama owedlulele;
- isivuno sivunwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, uginindela ube mnyama kumazambane angavuthiwe. Amazambane avuthwe ngokweqile, ngezikhathi ezishisayo, angawohloka uma egcinwe egumbini elifudumele kakhulu;
- uma isivuno senziwe sekwephuzile phakathi nesikhathi seqhwa, izilimo eziyizigaxa zingashisa kakhulu futhi uginindela ube mnyama. Ekushiseni kwenhlabathi okungu-2 degrees kanye neqhwa, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziqala ukubola;
- ezokuhamba ezisezingeni eliphansi: ukushaqeka, ingcindezi;
- Izimo zokugcina ezingafanele esikhathini eside. Izinga lokushisa liphakeme noma liphansi kune-2-6 degrees;
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziqukethe iphesenti eliphezulu lesitashi;
- ukunqotshwa kwezifo - umnyama... Idluliselwa ngezinto zokutshala; izifo nobumnyama kuyaqhubeka ngenkathi kugcinwa.
Kungani iba mnyama entwasahlobo
Kwenzeka ukuthi imifino isinde emthonjeni wasebusika, kuthi ngokufika kwentwasahlobo iqale ukushintsha ibe mnyama. Isizathu kungaba ekungeneni kahle umoya.
Amazambane aqala ukubola lapho kufika ukufudumala futhi entwasahlobo iyahluma, uginindela ube mnyama, uba buthakathaka futhi uthambe. Kukhona ukwehla okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa kwisitoreji. Umswakama uyakhishwa futhi lokhu futhi kunomthelela engxoxweni.
Yini engenziwa futhi okufanele yenziwe ukuze imifino ingabi mnyama
Ukuvimbela amazambane angabi mnyama, udinga ukugcina umbuso wokushisa bese uwagcina emabhokisini okhuni anezimbobo zokungenisa umoya.
Faka ama-pallets bese uqhela kude nezindonga ngo-20 cm... Ngenxa yalokhu, ungakugwema: ukuba manzi nokubanda.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika, kunconywa ukuthi uhlele amazambane okungenani kanye bese ususa izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlumile, ezithambile, ezibolile. Kunconywa ukumboza izitshalo ezigcinwe efulethini kuvulandi ngengubo efudumele.
Ngemuva kokuvuna, udinga zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-20 shiya amazambane ukuze aphume emoyeni omusha. Akuvunyelwe ukugcina imifino yezimpande neminye imifino ngaphandle kwama-beet.
Ngesikhathi seqhwa
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi imifino iqandiswe. Akuyona ingozi ngokuphelele uma amazambane engakahlumi. Kepha uma kuvela amahlumela, ukufika kwamaqhwa kungathinta ikhwalithi yesivuno sesikhathi esizayo futhi kukushaye.
Ingabe isimo sezulu esibandayo siyesabeka kumasiko?
Amaqhwa entwasahlobo kubi kakhulu ekuvuneni amazambane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseSiberia. Amahlumela amazambane amancane asaba isithwathwa futhi azwela kakhulu emakhazeni asentwasahlobo, kanti noma yikuphi ukushisa okusuka ku-0 nangaphansi kungabulala isivuno.
Ngabe amazambane azohamba ngokwawo ngemuva kweqhwa
Abanye abalimi batshala amazambane ekuqaleni kuka Mashi, futhi kunezingozi zokuqandisa isivuno.
Uma amahlumela amancane efriziwe, lokhu kungathinta isivuno esizayo, yize amazambane ezoqhubeka nokukhula njengoba kufudumala. Izitshalo ezindala azithinteki kakhulu emakhazeni.
Ungonga kanjani ngemuva kweqhwa
Uma kuthenjiswa isithwathwa, usidinga ngokushesha huddle izithombo isiko, nangemva kwesithwathwa ukukhulula amahlathi bese kuthi amaqele.
Ukugwema ukubanda futhi unikeze amazambane ithuba lokusinda uma ngabe limisiwe, ungavimbela imifino ngokumboza ukutshala ngotshani. Abanye abalimi benza imililo ngotshani, ukushefa emaphethelweni omhlaba olimekayo bese ngaleyo ndlela befaka umhlabathi enhlabathini. Ukwandisa isisindo sentuthu, kunconywa ukuthi ulahle uwoyela wamaminerali noma itela lamalahle ngaphakathi komlilo. Nawe unga vala imibhede ngocwecwe.
Uma isithwathwa sidlulile, futhi imifino isivele ikwazile ukubanda, udinga ukunikeza amahlathi ithuba lokuzibuyisela ngokwawo. Izihlahlana ezonakalisiwe ziyakwazi ukwelulama, yize kungumzamo omkhulu. Ukusiza isivuno, udinga ukusondla ngamanyolo we-nitrogen.
Izizathu zokuthi amazambane ensimini aqandisiwe
Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla ngaphansi kuka-zero degrees, noma amakhaza asebusuku aqala entwasahlobo, amazambane aqala ukubanda futhi angahle abe yiqhwa. Lokhu kuthinta amahlumela, bona phenduka umnyama ubune... Ngokuzayo, noma ngabe izitshalo ziyaqhubeka zikhule futhi "zisuke", izithelo zomtlolo zingase ziqale ukushintsha zibe mnyama.
Okufanele ukwenze uma izithombo neziqongqo bekuba nesikhathi sokubanda
Uma ama-frosts aqala ngokungalindelekile futhi izithombo zaqina, uzodinga ubenze mnyama bungakakhanyi ngosizo lwe: amaphephandaba, ifilimu emnyama, amanikiniki.
Into esemqoka ukuthi ukuncibilika kwenzeka kancane kancane, khona-ke iziqongo ngeke zibune futhi ukubanda kungabalulekile.
Ungondla kanjani
Isitshalo esithintekile sidinga ukwelashwa i-nitrogen, kanye nokuthi kuyadingeka ukwenza ukugqoka okuphezulu: i-nitrophoska 5 gr. ngo-1 sq. m.
Ukugqoka amaqabunga nge-20 g ye-urea ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi nakho kuyasiza. Ukuze wenze iziqongo ezibandisiwe ziphile, udinga ukuzifafaza "I-Epinom Extra».
Uma isithwathwa siqala lapho isivuno sesiqhakazile, kepha singakavunwa, ungasondla ngomlotha noma ngamalungiselelo e-potassium. Ngemuva kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, akuvumelekile ukumba amazambane, udinga ukulinda ukufudumala.
Izenzo zokuqala uma isithwathwa sishaya ngemuva kokutshala
Uma, ngemuva kokutshala, babamba futhi bashaya isithwathwa, imifino yakwazi ukumisa iqhwa, khona-ke ukuze igcinwe, kuyadingeka ngokuphuthumayo ukuvuselela kabusha nokwelapha ngezindlela ezikhethekile.
Izindlela zokonga isivuno uma isithwathwa sibonakala:
- i-hilling... Ngemuva kwesithwathwa, amahlumela ayahlupheka, ngakho-ke, isivuno kufanele sifakwe ukuze iziqongo zibe ngaphansi ngokuphelele kokhalo;
- umbhede... Ukufudumeza isivuno ngongqimba olujiyile lotshani, ifula noma sawustust;
- ukumboza isivuno ngefilimu. Yifilimu kuphela okungafanele icindezele amahlumela amancane. Izikhonkwane kufanele zifakwe emaphethelweni futhi ifilimu kufanele idonswe;
- ukufafaza... Isitshalo kufanele siniselwe kakhulu uma u-0. Amanzi azoqala ukushabalala futhi avikele isitshalo;
- intuthu ukufudumala... Le ndlela yokuvikela isithwathwa ishiwo ngenhla. Udinga ukubasa umlilo ezinhlangothini zombili zesivuno ukuze intuthu ithele yonke indawo. Ukuze wakhe isibuko sentuthu, udinga ukukhanyisa umlilo ukuze umlilo uvuthe ukuphakama okungama-50-70 cm. Ukwenza lokhu, ungashisa utshani, izinkuni zokubasa, umquba. Umlilo kufanele uvuthe amahora angama-3-4 ekuseni. Le ndlela iphumelela kuphela esimweni sezulu esinomoya;
- ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba... Ngisho nangaphambi kokutshala isivuno, kubalulekile ukuqinisa okokutshala ngosizo lwabalawuli bokukhula. Basiza amahlumela amancane ukumelana nanoma yiziphi izimo zezulu. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-Silk, Biostim, Epin Extra.
Ukuze uhlinzeke wena nomndeni wakho ngamazambane ebusika bonke, udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo zamazambane "eziqinile" kakhulu, futhi ulandele imithetho yokugcina izitshalo eziyimpande. Isivuno esinothile!