Njengamanje, izindawo ezincane zabelwe iziza zensimu, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukushiya umhlaba ungatshaliwe, kepha futhi kuyinkinga ukubona ukujikeleza kwezitshalo. Wonke umuntu osebenza engadini noma owengadi uyabona ukuthi ukutshala izithelo nemifino ephilayo yomndeni wabo kudinga amakhono athile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kulula ukuthenga nokufaka umanyolo emhlabathini, abaningi bakhetha ukufaka ama-humus enhlabathini, abazenzele bona.
Yini i-humus
- uhlobo lomhlaba ovundile oqukethe umquba obolile nezinsalela zezitshalo zokhula, izitshalo ezitshalwe ngokweqile ezitshalwe phambilini, iziqu ezingenalutho zezimbali zaminyaka yonke nojongilanga, amaqabunga awile.
- lokhu ukubonga lapho izakhamzimba eziningi ezizuzisayo, isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa nokondla izithombo zezitshalo nemifino etshaliwe, okwandisa ukukhula kwezihlahlana nezihlahla, okwandisa isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali zasendlini, kungumanyolo ophilayo futhi kunikeza inani lesicelo njengomanyolo.
- ngokubonakala kwe-humus, kungumhlaba onsundu onsundu omnyama, ngaphandle kwephunga elibukhali, elibolile, elengeziwe, izinsalela zezitshalo akufanele zibe khona kuwo.
Umanyolo ophumela obulalayo kufanele usetshenziswe ngokuqapha ngaphansi kwezimbali ezithile zonyaka (ngoba umthamo omkhulu womanyolo ukhuthaza ukukhula kwamakhasi amaningi), futhi izimbali zinciphisa ijubane.
Izinhlobonhlobo
Ishidi
Ukuqoqa amaqabunga awile esimweni sezulu sezulu sekwindla kuyinkqubo enzima, kepha umphumela otholwe ngemuva kokuthola i-humus kuwo ufakazela umzamo otshaliwe.
Kungakuhle ukuqoqa amaqabunga awile nge-fan fan, bese uwafaka ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile, kungaba njalo izikhwama zepulasitiki imfucuza yesoda, inkulu Izikhwama zikadoti noma uthango oluhle lwe-mesh yensimbi ngesimo sebhokisi elingaphezulu elivulekile.
Ngokuhambisana nomjikelezo ezindongeni zezikhwama zepulasitiki, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka izimbobo nangemva kokufaka uphawu ngamaqabunga thela amanzi amaningi nothayi (i-urea ingangezwa), kuyadingeka ukugcina izikhwama endaweni eseceleni (noma ngisho nasendaweni engaphansi komhlaba) lapho kungatshalwa khona izitshalo.
Ngemuva kokuqoqa amaqabunga ekwindla ngaphansi kwezihlahla izinambuzane aziqalinezifo azikhuleli ezibavimbela ukuthi bakhule futhi bakhule isivuno esihle.
Kule humus, zimbalwa izakhi zomzimba nezici zokulandela umkhondo, kepha uma ingeniswa enhlabathini, igcina umswakama ezimpandeni (ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esomile), kuthinta kahle ukuzala kwemisundu, ekhulula inhlabathi futhi inikele ekuyihlomiseni ngomoya.
Ngokwengeziwe, i-leaf humus isetshenziselwa ukukhosela izitshalo zemifino ezinjengotamatisi, ukhukhamba, upelepele, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kuyakhiwa, okuvimbela ukomisa, kwenza i-asidi inhlabathi futhi kube i-conditioner, ingasetshenziswa futhi njengomlimi wezitshalo zasendlini kanye ne-humus elungiselelwe ngaphambilini yokufihla izimbali nezivini ebusika (ivikela ekuqandeni).
Izithelo zezihlahla zezithelo ziphekwa njenge-humus cishe unyaka owodwa, kanye ne-acicular (conifers) ngesikhathi Iminyaka 2-3 (lapho kuvunwa, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyigaya). I-Loose humus itholakala emaqabungeni kungakapheli iminyaka engu-1.5 - 3.
Ngokudla umoya, amaqabunga kufanele ahlanganiswe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kusuka kumquba
Umanyolo i-humus wuhlobo lomhlaba ovundile otholakele kusuka kumquba obolile.
Ama-humus humus akhiwa ngemfucumfucu yezilwane, izinsalela zezitshalo zokudla kanye nombhede wezilwane obolayo isikhathi eside, Akufanele ibe nephunga elinamandla, umbala ovulekile, onenhlabathi futhi isetshenziswe njengomanyolo omuhle wezinto eziphilayo.
I-humus isetshenziswa kanjani njengomanyolo
Entwasahlobo, ukufaka umquba kusuka ku-humus kufakwa emigodini nasemiseleni ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu nezithombo, futhi ungondla inhlabathi yemifino etshalwe ekwindla (ugarlic, izaqathe, u-anyanisi). Amaphesenti amakhulu alo manyolo afakwa emabhokisini noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo lapho izithombo zicwiliswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlanganisa nokufaka umquba wezithombo ezitshaliwe.
Kungcono ukuletha ama-humus ngaphansi kwezihlahla, izihlahla namazambane ekwindla, kanye nezitshalo zemifino, kunalokho, kuyadingeka ukwenza ngaphambi kokumba, okungukuthi, entwasahlobo.
Uma i-humus humus ingabolile ngokwanele, izingxenye ezinkulu zomquba zingacwiliswa esitsheni esinamanzi (1: 1), vumela ukuthi iphuze isonto lonke bese unisela izihlahla ngesisombululo esiphelile njengomanyolo oketshezi (amanzi ngobumnene, ukuthela ngaphansi kwempande akunconyiwe).
Ungafaka umquba ekwindla, uwusakaze ngaphansi kweqhwa, kepha ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, kuvela inani elikhulu lokhula, elizodinga ukususwa kanye nokhula ukuvimbela ukukhula okuthe xaxa.
Ukusebenza ngomquba kwenziwa ngamagilavu.
Ukulungisa umanyolo ophilayo kusuka emqubeni, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulinganise inqwaba ize ikhululeke futhi ishiye izinsuku ezingama-5-7 nge "ukuvutshelwa", ngokuzayo, inqwaba ngomquba imbozwe ngomhlabathi obukhulu kuze kufike ku-10 cm futhi imbozwe ifilimu (ukugcina inani eliphezulu lokudla okunempilo). Entwasahlobo, umhlaba uyasuswa, bese ifilimu isala.
Ukwenza umanyolo owengeziwe ngezandla zakho
E-cottage yasehlobo noma esakhiweni somuntu siqu, ungalungisa ama-humus "ahlanganisiwe".
- Ukumba endaweni eyimfihlo umgodi emhlabathini (usayizi 1.5 m2, futhi cishe u-0.5 m ukujula).
- Izindonga zibekwe ngensimbi (ungayisebenzisa) noma izinsalela zesilayidi.
- Sigoqa utshani kusuka ekususeni ukhula, ungashiya ukudla komsuka wezitshalo, futhi ungeze inyoni encane noma omunye umquba otholakalayo.
- Fafaza ngomhlaba namanzi ngenkathi ungeza amakhambi.
- Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sehlobo, kungakuhle ukuthi wenze umsebenzi wokuxuba i-humus yesikhathi esizayo ebekwe emgodini.
Ukuthola umquba ovundile kungakapheli unyaka akunconywa ukufaka izimpande ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi kusuka ezihlahleni ezindala ze-sitrobheli, njengoba ziminyene futhi kungcono ukuzomisa nokuzishisa, bese usebenzisa umlotha ukondla (ikakhulukazi lapho utshala iklabishi).
Umanyolo ozilungiselele wona wonga imali futhi ungumanyolo obalulekile.
Lolu hlobo lokukhulelwa lubalulekile ekondleni izihlahla, izihlahla, zonke izitshalo, njengoba umhlaba uvundile ngokwengeziwe, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kuyanda, kunomthelela omuhle kokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba emikhiqizweni ekhulile, futhi kwandisa inani lesitshalo esitshaliwe ngaphandle kokungcola okuyingozi nobuthi.