Kuyacasula noma yimuphi umlimi wensimu lapho izitshalo zakhe zingakhuli futhi zingakhuli njengoba kufanele. Ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo, abanye abalimi babhekene nenkinga evamile - igalikhi iba phuzi. Ukuze uvikele ukuhlwanyela kwakho ekuphuzeni futhi kulondoloze isivuno sesikhathi esizayo emva kobusika, kufanele uthole ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze.
Ubusika nogalikhi wasentwasahlobo nawo ungashintsha uphuzi, njengomthetho, ekuqaleni, uphenduka uphuzi usuka kuphaphe nakwisiqu. Ukwelapha, udinga ukwenza ukucubungula noma ukondla ngezindlela ezikhethekile.
Izifo zikagalikhi namakhambi okuphuzi kwezimpaphe namaqabunga
Izinkinga ezinkulu ngale mifino ebabayo ziwela ezigabeni ezintathu ezibanzi:
- Ukunakekelwa okungalungile
- Izifo
- Izinambuzane
Izifo eziyinhloko zikagalikhi zifaka okulandelayo:
- Ukugqwala
- I-Fusarium
- I-Peronosporosis
- Ukubola kwamagciwane kanye nomlomo wesibeletho
- I-penicillosis
Izifo nezinambuzane yizinkinga ezinkulu ezidinga ukutholwa ngesikhathi nezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukwelapha izitshalo. Isifo ngasinye sinezici zaso.
Ukugqwala nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nakho
Isifo esivame kakhulu sikagalikhi eRussia ukugqwala. Inkinga enkulu okufanele isingathwe ngokushesha.
Ngaphandle, lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngale ndlela elandelayo: ukusabalala amabala amancane ewolintshi kuwo wonke amaqabunga ugaliki. Ngokubukeka "ukugqwala" kubukeka njengama-bulges amancane aphuzi ombala ogqwalile. Uma umlimi engasebenzi ngesikhathi, lesi sitshalo siba mnyama size sife.
Ngokwemvelo, ukugqwala isifo sefungal... Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sihlale emhlabathini kusukela ngonyaka odlule. Ngakho-ke, njengendlela yokuvimbela, akunconywa ukutshala izitshalo endaweni efanayo minyaka yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhede kagalikhi kufanele ibekwe kude nemibhede anyanisi.
Uma kutholakala amaqabunga agqwalile, kufanele unqunywe ngokushesha... Uma ukutheleleka kukhulu, kufanele ukwelashwa nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Zisetshenziswa ngokuqinile ngokuya ngemiyalo.
I-Fusarium - ungayiphatha kanjani ukuze ilwe
Isifo se-fungal. Kubantu abavamile ibizwa ngokuthi "ukubola".
Ukutheleleka kwenzeka emhlabathini futhi uma kutshalwa imbewu esezingeni eliphansi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo kwenzeka ezingeni lokushisa 13-30 degrees nangomswakama ophezulu... Ngaphandle, lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngale ndlela elandelayo: amahlamvu kagalikhi aqala ukujika aphuzi esicutshini, ome futhi afe... Kulokhu, izimpande ziyabola, ukukhula kwekhanda kuyama bese isitshalo siyafa.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvikela, kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo sento yokutshala. Futhi ungafaka amagciwane futhi unisele inhlabathi ngamakhemikhali akhethekile.
Ukuze ulwe nalesi sifo, udinga ukusebenzisa ama-antifungal agents, ngokwemiyalo noma indlela.
I-Peronosporosis
Igama elidumile lalesi sifo ngu isikhutha... Lesi sifo siyisikhunta ngokwemvelo futhi sivamile kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia. I-Peronosporosis isebenza ikakhulukazi kumswakama ophezulu.
Ngaphandle, izimpawu zesifo zibukeka ukulimala kweqabunga okugxile... Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwemifino kuncipha, amaqabunga ashintsha umbala nokuma kwawo, izingongolo zembali ziphenduka zibe phuzi.
Ukugwema ukungcoliswa emibhedeni yakho, udinga ukutshala imbewu enempilo kuphela, ubheke umswakama wenhlabathi. Kungcono ukubeka imibhede nezitshalo ezindaweni ezinelanga nezingenisa umoya engadini yakho. Uma lesi sifo sisashaya i-garlic, udinga ukusebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile.
Ukubola kwamagciwane kanye nomlomo wesibeletho
Izifo zebhaktheriya zithinta igalikhi kaningi kunezifo zefungal. Ukubola komlomo wesibeletho kuyazithinta amazinyo... Ukuze ugweme lesi sifo, udinga tshala imifino minyaka yonke ezindaweni ezahlukene nokuqapha impilo yembewu.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukusebenzisa izifutho ezikhethekile zokulawula izinambuzane. Izinambuzane zingasibhebhethekisa lesi sifo futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziba ngisho nomthombo wazo.
I-penicillosis
Abantu babiza lesi sifo isikhunta esiluhlaza... Ama-causative agents ayisikhunta. Lesi sifo sivame ukuzibonakalisa ngesikhathi sokugcina okungafanele. Amakhanda ayawohloka futhi awe ngaphakathi.
Izizathu zokuthi igalikhi ingashintsha ibe phuzi entwasahlobo
Ngesikhathi sasehlobo ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga kubonisa ukuvuthwa kwawo. Kepha, entwasahlobo ukuphuphuka kubonisa izinkinga.
Kunezizathu eziyinhloko zalesi simo:
- ukufika kuqala;
- ukubanda;
- inhlabathi ene-asidi;
- ukungabi nokunisela;
- izinambuzane.
Ukutshala kusenesikhathi nokuqandisa
Igalikhi yasebusika iba phuzi kaningi, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yesithwathwa sentwasahlobo... Uma itshalwe kusenesikhathi, igalikhi yasentwasahlobo nayo ingathinteka emazingeni okushisa abandayo. Amahlumela amancane kagalikhi ambozwe ifilimu - lokhu kubavikela ku-hypothermia.
Uma umthelela omubi wesithwathwa ubungeke ugwenywe, kufanele ukuchelela izitshalo ngezikhuthazi ezikhethekile zokuthuthuka. Le mithi izosiza imifino ikhule ngokujwayelekile ngokuzayo.
Inhlabathi ene-asidi
Imifino ebabayo ikhula kahle futhi ikhula emhlabathini ngebhalansi engathathi hlangothi... Umhlabathi one-esidi kakhulu uzodala ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi kufanele ivuleke futhi ingene nge-oxygen.
Unganciphisa i-asidi uma wondla umhlabathi nge-lime. Izilinganiso zalesi sithasiselo zibalwa ngokususelwa kuzici zomhlaba.
Ukunisela okunganele
Ezitshalweni ezincane, ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga kungabangelwa ukungabi khona komswakama. NgoMeyi-Juni, ukwakheka kwemifino kwenzeka. Ngalesi sikhathi udinga uvule inhlabathi njalo futhi ukhiqize ukuchelela ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukunisela imifino, sebenzisa amanzi ahleliwe, afudunyezwa elangeni.
Izinambuzane
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezonakalisa ugalikhi no-anyanisi yizo i-anyanisi fly, i-nematode, i-root mite, ugwayi thrips... Bayakwazi ukudala umonakalo ongalungiseki ekuvuneni kwale mifino ebabayo.
Ukugwema ukungena kwezinambuzane, kutshalwa ugalikhi isikhathi ngasinye emibhedeni ehlukene... Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi kufanele ichithwe ngezixazululo zokubulala amagciwane. Futhi kwizimpawu zokuqala zomonakalo - sebenzisa izifutho ezikhethekile ezixosha izinambuzane.
Okufanele ukwenze uma amaqabunga eqala ukuba phuzi
Ukuvimbela ukuphuzi kwezitshalo, kufanelekile ukutshala ama-clove anempilo enhlabathini ehlanzekile futhi enegciwane. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa entwasahlobo, kufanelekile ukulinda izinga lokushisa lizinzile ukuze ungabeki amahlumela amancane kwiqhwa. Ukunakekelwa okufanele nokuthola izifo ngesikhathi esifanele kuzosiza ekutholeni isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu yale mifino evuthayo.