I-sweet cherry iyisiko elingenamqondo, futhi kuze kube muva nje kubonakala sengathi akunakwenzeka ukuyikhulisa enkabeni yeRussia. Kepha izinhlobonhlobo zeFatezh zihlukaniswa ngokwanda kwesithwathwa nokumelana nesomiso.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-Fatezh
Izinhlobo ezinoshukela omnandi uFatezh wazalwa ngo-2001 ngumfuyi A.I. I-Evstratov ngesisekelo se-All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology of Horticulture and Nursery. Impova yamahhala yoLeningrad ophuzi yasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuzalanisa.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe isifunda esiphakathi, zilungele isifunda saseMoscow. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwama-cherries kuyakuvumela ukuthi kusinde esimweni sezulu esishintshashintshayo enkabeni yeRussia, kepha uFatezh ngeke akwazi ukumelana namakhaza amakhulu eSiberia. Amaqabunga esihlahla anokumelana okungenani nesithwathwa.
Izihlahla zifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-3-5. Umqhele uyindilinga, uyindilinga, uyasabalala, amagatsha akhula ngama-engeli angakwesokudla noma aqondiswe phansi. Amahlumela aqondile, awugqinsi, anombala onsundu.
Amaqabunga makhulu ngosayizi, ahlukaniswe ngokuma okukhonjiwe, okuhlangene. Emaphethelweni, iqabunga linezinhlaka ezinhle. Ingaphezulu libushelelezi, licwebezela, luhlaza okotshani.
Izimbali ze-Fatezh cherry zimhlophe. Ama-ovari amise okwenhliziyo akhiwa kumahlumela wonyaka kanye namahlumela ezimbali.
Lokhu kuhluka kungokwasendulo okuphakathi, isivuno sokuqala singatholakala eminyakeni engaba ngu-4-5 yokuphila kwesihlahla. Izithelo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni okugcwele maphakathi noJulayi. Kusuka esihlahleni esincane, esineminyaka yobudala ingeqi eminyakeni eyi-10, kuze kufike kuma-30 kg amajikijolo, khona-ke lesi sibalo sikhuphukela kuma-50 kg.
UFatezh akazitheli, ngakho-ke, ukuze isihlahla siqale ukuthela izitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi sinakekele impova yaso. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukutshala ezinye izinhlobo zama-cherry aseduze, isibonelo, i-Iput, iCrimea, iRaditsa, njll.
Izici zezithelo
Amajikijolo e-Fatezh cherry ayindilinga ngokuma, kunalokho makhulu, ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sawo siyahluka kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-6 gram. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, siyacwebezela, sibomvu ngokuphuzi ngombala. Inyama yamajikijolo anjalo iminyene, inamanzi, iphinki ngokukhanyayo ngombala. Itshe lihlukaniswe kalula nomgogodla, linokuma okusaqanda kanye nomthunzi okhanyayo.
Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kunoshukela futhi kumuncu. Isikolo sokunambitha singamaphoyinti angu-4.5-4.7. Amajikijolo e-Fatezh ahlukaniswa nempilo ende eshalofini nokuhamba okuhle. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, isikhumba sesithelo asiqhekeki.
Ubuhle nobubi
- Isihlahla sikhula masinyane futhi siqala ukuthela izitshalo ngokushesha njengonyaka we-4-5 wokuphila;
- Lapho usumdala, i-Fatezh cherry ingakhipha kuze kufike kuma-50 kg wokuvuna:
- Ukwenyuka ukumelana nesithwathwa:
- Ukuzivikela ezifweni zefungal;
- Amajikijolo anjalo abekezelela ezokuthutha kahle, angagcinwa isikhathi eside, ngaphezu kwalokho, anokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
- Isihlahla siyazimela futhi sidinga impova ukuze ikhiqize isivuno futhi;
- Ukuthambekela kokugeleza kwezinsini.
Ukutshala nokushiya
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-cherries kusayithi lakho, udinga ukukhetha isithombo esifanele. Ukuze isihlahla sikhule ngokushesha endaweni entsha, kufanele uthobele izincomo ezilandelayo:
- Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezinkulisa ezifakazelwe.esendaweni lapho kuhlelwa khona ukulima. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo kuzodingeka sisebenzise inqubo yokuqhelanisa.
- Inkomba enkulu yempilo yesithombo uhlelo oluqinile, olunamagatsha anezimpande. Indawo yokusika kufanele ibe nombala we-beige okhanyayo;
- Umqhele wesithombo kufanele ube namagatsha ama-3-4, cishe amasentimitha angama-40 ubude;
- Izithombo ezincane ezineminyaka engama-1-2 zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zimpande ngempumelelo.
Uma isithombo sathengwa ngohlelo lwempande oluvulekile, ukutshala kwalo kuzophumelela kuphela entwasahlobo. Izitshalo zezimpande ezivaliwe zingatshalwa phakathi kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yomhlaba kuyisihluthulelo sokufika ngempumelelo.
- ICherry Fatezh idinga ukukhanya okuhle nokuvikelwa emimoyeni enamandla. Kungcono ukukhetha izinhlangothi eziseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesayithi.
- Futhi, lokhu kuhluka kukhula kahle emagqumeni, kepha hhayi emagqumeni. Ungakhuphula izinga lomhlabathi ngokwakho ngokufafaza ungqimba lomhlaba ngamasentimitha angama-50.
- Ukuze ugweme umswakama omile, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe izindawo ezinamanzi ajulile angaphansi komhlaba.
I-sweet cherry ikhetha i-sandy loamy noma inhlabathi e-loamy ephakathi, ngoba inomswakama omuhle wokungena. I-Fatezh ikhula kabi kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi onesihlabathi, i-peat noma ubumba.
Umgodi wokutshala ama-cherries ulungisiwe kusukela ekwindla, ukuze inhlabathi ikwazi ukufaka phakathi nobusika. Imigodi ikhishwa ebangeni lamamitha ama-3 ukusuka komunye nomunye, ububanzi bayo ngamasentimitha angama-80, futhi ukujula kungu-50-60. Bese kuthi phansi kuthululwe bese kuthelwa khona amabhakede ama-humus ama-2 ahlanganiswe nengqimba engenhla, evundile yenhlabathi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala emgodini, engeza:
- 1 ikhilogremu lomlotha;
- 400 amagremu we-superphosphate;
- Amagremu ayi-100 e-sodium sulfate.
Ukwenza umuthi ukhululeke futhi unikeze isivuno esihle, engeza amabhakede ama-2 obumba enhlabathini enesihlabathi, namabhakede ama-2 esihlabathi enhlabathini yobumba. Thela ingxube yenhlabathi ngaphezulu.
Lapho betshala ama-cherries, abalimi bavame ukunamathela ku-algorithm yezenzo ezilandelayo:
- Okokuqala, isikhonkwane sifakiwe, esizosebenza njengesisekelo sesithombo.
- Maphakathi nomgodi, udinga ukwakha indunduma bese ubeka isithombo phezu kwayo, usakaze ngokucophelela izimpande.
- Ngemuva kwalokho umuthi uboshelwe ekusekelweni futhi umbozwe ngokucophelela ngomhlaba, uwugudle kancane kancane. Ikhola lezimpande kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angama-3-5 ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
- Esigabeni sokugcina, kwakhiwa i-roller kusuka phansi futhi ama-cherries aniselwa kakhulu, bese inhlabathi ihlanganiswa ne-peat noma i-humus.
Izimo ezikhulayo
- Ama-cherries aniselwe kathathu ngesizini ngayinye, 30-40 amalitha amanzi kudliwa isihlahla esincane, kanye namalitha angama-50-60 kumuntu omdala.
Ngaphambi kokuchelela ngakunye, kubalulekile ukukhulula isiyingi esiseduze nesiqu ukuze umswakama ungene ngokushesha ezimpandeni.
- Ukuthena.
- I-Cherry Fatezh ihlukaniswa ngokukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela, futhi ukuze umqhele ungagcini ngokuqinile, kufanele unqunywe minyaka yonke. Le nqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba efihlekile aqale ukuvuvukala esihlahleni. Amagatsha wonyaka anqunywa nge-1/5 ingxenye.
- Ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla sifinyelele eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala, isigaba sokukhula okunamandla sizoma, futhi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa komqhele kuyodingeka ukuthi kususwe amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele noma amahlumela angadingekile ngokungadingekile.
- Ekwindla, kuyadingeka ukwenza izihlahla zokuhlanzeka, lapho kuzosuswa wonke amagatsha agulayo, owomile noma owonakele.
Konke ukusikeka kufanele kucutshungulwe nge-varnish yensimu.
- ICherry Fatezh, njengezinye izihlahla, idinga ukondliwa okufika ngesikhathi futhi okufanele.
Yonke imanyolo kufanele isetshenziswe ebubanzini bomqhele, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwesiqu uqobo, ngoba izimpande eziseduze azimunci izakhamzimba.
- Ngaphambi kokuhluma ngaphansi kwesihlahla, udinga ukwengeza izipuni ezimbili ze-carbamide, i-potassium sulfate kanye ne-mineral complex "Agricole", ehlanjululwe ngamalitha angama-20 amanzi.
- Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ama-cherry adinga amandla ukuvuthwa kwesivuno. Isiyingi esiseduze nesiqu siniselwa ngamalitha angama-30 amanzi ngezipuni eziyi-6 zikamanyolo wezimbiwa kanye nezingilazi eziyi-6 zikamanyolo.
- Ngemuva kokuvuna, amagremu angama-200 we-superphosphate, amagremu ayi-100 omanyolo wamaminerali kanye nama-gramu ayi-100 e-potassium sulfate athelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, khona-ke ama-cherries aniselwa kakhulu.
- Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezimbali, umqhele ufafazwa ngesikhuthazi sokukhula.
Awukwazi ukuvundisa ama-cherry ngomquba, ngoba kungasusa ukuqandisa kwezimpande ebusika.
- Futhi uFatezh udinga ukhula njalo nokuxegiswa kwenhlabathi.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Cherry
Ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwekhwalithi yama-cherry, okungukuthi, ngokulondolozwa kwazo zonke izici zezinhlobonhlobo ezifunwayo, kungenzeka kuphela ngokuxhunyelelwa. Lapho isihlahla sikhule kusuka enzalweni, ngeke sizuze ifa lomuthi womzali.
Esikhathini esiningi, ama-cherries afakwa kuma-cherries, kepha kulokhu, isiphunzi, okungukuthi, isihlahla okwenziwa kuso ukufakelwa, kufanele sizinze futhi siqine. Ungafaka futhi kuma-cherries, le ndlela ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, ngoba ezimweni eziningi iphela ngempumelelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyenzeka ukuthi kuvunwe izitshalo ezihlukile esihlahleni esisodwa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Cherry kungenziwa kusukela ekuthomeni kwakaNtaka ukuyela phakathi kwenyanga kaSeptemba. Lapho wenza inqubo, udinga ukubala isikhathi ukuze umuthi wokugoma ube nesikhathi sezimpande ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo... Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sithathwa njengesikhathi sentwasahlobo, lapho kunokugeleza kobisi okusebenzayo esitokweni.
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhunyelelwa kwama-cherry, kepha ukuhlanganiswa ngokuhlanganiswa (ukusikwa) kunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Ukuze kwenziwe ukufakelwa entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela ukusika kusengaphambili, kuvamise ukusikwa ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, ngemuva kokuthi wonke amahlamvu ewile. Ehlobo nangoSepthemba, ama-cherries ahlanganiswa nama-cuttings asanda kusikwa, ububanzi bawo kufanele bube ngamamilimitha ayi-5-7, nobude kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10-15.
Ukwenza ukufakelwa ngokuhlanganiswa, kuyadingeka ukuthi isiphunzi kanye ne-scion kusindwe ngobukhulu obufanayo. Izisiki ezingadluli eminyakeni emibili ubudala zimpande kahle.
- Kumahlumela alungiselelwe, ukusika kwe-oblique kwenziwa ngommese obukhali, cishe ngamasentimitha ama-3 ubude.
- Maphakathi nalokhu kusikwa, kwenziwa izilimi (imfantu), okuzovumela ukusikwa ukuthi kuxhumane ngokuqinile.
- Isitoko esiboshiwe kanye nokuxhunyelelwa kusongwe ngotape kagesi, iteyipu, ukugoqwa kwepulasitiki noma enye into efanayo.
- Ngemuva kwalokho kufakwa isikhwama sepulasitiki esiqeshini esihlanganisiwe bese siboshwa ngaphansi nje kwendawo yokuxhunyelelwa. Isihlahla kufanele sibe kulesi simo amasonto ama-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuthi wokugoma kufanele uthathe izimpande futhi zonke izinto ezisizayo zingasuswa.
Izici zalokhu okuhlukahlukene
- Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo kuzoba umbala wamajikijolo e-cherry "Fatezh", ahluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo ezithandwayo zezihlahla ezinjalo. Esikhundleni se-burgundy ejwayelekile noma umbala onsomi, izithelo zinombala obomvu okhanyayo onamabala aphuzi.
- I-Fatezh nayo iyahluka ngomqhele wayo, onesimo esiyindilinga, futhi amagatsha akhula abheke phansi. Lesi sakhiwo asijwayelekile ezihlahleni ze-cherry.
- Ukukhula kwesihlahla kuvame ukuma cishe kumamitha amathathu, kanti ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesilinganiso, zikhula zifike kumamitha ayi-4,5-5.
- Isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo sihlala ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, isihlahla esidala singathela izithelo ezifika kuma-50 kilograms.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo ze-cherry Fatezh zihlukaniswa ngokumelana okuhle nezinambuzane nezifo eziningi, ikakhulukazi i-moniliosis ne-coccomycosis. Kepha izihlahla ezinjalo zivame ukugeleza izinsini.
I-Gum yinto ewugqinsi, enemibala egqamile, enamathelayo ekhishwa kumagxolo esihlahla. Kunezizathu eziningana zokubonakala kwayo:
- Amanxeba nokulimala esihlahleni;
- Ukungathena kahle amagatsha;
- Isithwathwa;
- Izinambuzane;
- Umswakama owedlulele;
- Izifo zefungal;
- Ukwedlula komanyolo we-nitrogen noma ama-phytohormones.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, udinga ukugcina amagxolo amadala esihlahleni, ngoba nguyena okhonza njengesivikelo esithembekile. Kuyancomeka futhi ukwenza ukugcotshwa kwesiqu kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla, kuzosiza ukugwema ukushiswa yilanga. Futhi ukuvikela ama-cherries emakhazeni asebusika nokubonakala kwemifantu, amagatsha amagagasi anohlaka kanye nesiqu esinephepha noma i-matting kuzosiza.
Uma lesi sifo sivela, isilonda sihlanzwa ngommese kuze kuvele indawo enempilo, khona-ke le ndawo ikhishwa ngegciwane ngesisombululo se-copper sulfate futhi kusetshenziswa ungqimba omncane we-nigrol putty ngezandla ezihlanzekile.
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nesifo ukuqeda izimbangela zaso.
UFatezh uyi-godend yensimu efuna ukutshala ama-cherry enkabeni yeRussia. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa nokumelana okuhle nokuzithoba kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo zayo zihle kakhulu ekunambithekeni futhi zilungele imisebenzi yezentengiso.