Izinkinga ezihambisana nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yempilo yanoma yisiphi isidalwa, okokuqala, zithinta ukubukeka kwayo. Izimpawu zokucindezeleka zivela kahle kakhulu ezitshalweni. Isibonelo, ngokungabikho kwe-potassium, i-tomato leaf necrosis iqala.
Esihlokweni sizokhuluma ngezimpawu zokushoda kwanoma yiziphi izinto nezindlela zokondla isitshalo ukuthuthukisa isimo saso.
Ukuntuleka kwezinto ezilandelanayo kutamatisi
Ukuwohloka kwesimo sezitshalo kaningi kuqukethe ukungabi nokudla (okungajwayelekile - okweqile). Hlobo luni lokondla olulinde utamatisi, unganquma ngohlobo nendawo yezinguqukolokho kwenzeka esitshalweni.
Izinhlobo eziningi zemicronutrients zibalulekile kutamatisi:
- Magnesium.
- I-Phosphorus.
- Potassium.
- I-nitrogen.
- Izinki.
- Bor nabanye.
Izitshalo ngeke zife ngaphandle kwazo, kodwa kuzoba kubi kakhulu, isivuno sesivuno sizokwehla ngokuphawulekayo. Zonke zingokokuvuselela okusheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ezicutshini zezitshalo.
Ukushoda kweMagnesium
Ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium kubonakala ekubukekeni amabala phakathi kwemithambo emaqabunga etamatisi aphansi... Ekuqaleni, lezi zindawo zibukeka ziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo, bese ziphenduka zibe nsundu, bese ziphenduka zibe nsundu noma mpunga. Amaqabunga omile, agobe, bese ewa. Izithelo zincane, zivuthwe kabi.
Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-magnesium
I-Magnesium sulfate isetshenziswa ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokutshalwa kwezitshalo.
- Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi... Umanyolo usetshenziswa ngesilinganiso esingu-10g nge-1 sq.m. bese unisela imibhede ngobuningi.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhula... Ukuze unisele, udinga ukunciphisa u-30 g womanyolo kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi afudumele (sebenzisa izikhathi ezimbili ngenyanga). Lapho ufafaza, u-15 g wento uyoncibilika kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi afudumele. Ukuze ungashisi amaqabunga, engeza u-5 g we-urea kusixazululo.
Okuphumelela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-magnesium sulfate enhlabathini enesihlabathi, emhlabathini one-asidi ephansi.
Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus
Ngokushoda kwe-phosphorus kwenzeka ukwenziwa buthaka kohlelo lwempande... Ingxenye engaphezulu engenhla yesitshalo ithola umbala oluhlaza omnyama, okuthi kamuva kuguquke kube nsomi ngokububende. Amaqabunga aqina, imiphetho yawo yomile.
Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-phosphorus
Umanyolo ukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo olunamandla lwempande, isivuno esikhuphukile, kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwezithelo. Ingeniswa ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Into eyomile ifakwa emhlabathini ngesilinganiso 15-20g isitshalo ngasinye... Ukukhishwa kulungiselelwe ukondliwa kwezimpande.
- Thela ama-400 g we-superphosphate kumalitha amathathu wamanzi abilayo.
- Gcina isixazululo sifudumele, uvuse ngezikhathi ezithile ukufezekisa ukuphela okuphelele kwempuphu.
- Ngosuku, uketshezi luzophenduka lube mhlophe. Manje usungayisebenzisa.
Bese izipuni eziyi-20 zesikhwama zihlanjululwa ngamalitha amathathu amanzi. Kusukela kulokhu ukumnika okusebenzayo, umanyolo oyinhloko ulungiswa (150 ml ketshezi oluvelayo + amalitha ayi-10 amanzi + 20 g womanyolo we-nitrogen + 0.5 litre womlotha wokhuni).
Ukondla amaqabunga, isipuni esingu-1 se-superphosphate siyachithwa kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi bese sisetshenziselwa ukufafaza.
Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium
Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium kubonakala ekwehleni kancane ekukhuleni kwesihlahla setamatisi, ukuqhakaza kwayo okuncane nenani elincane le-ovary... Izithelo zivuthwa ngokungalingani, imvamisa zihlala zingavuthiwe eduze kwesiqu.
I-necrosis yeLeaf iqala kusuka kumathiphu abo, isabalala kancane kancane kuyo yonke indawo. Amabala ansundu avela maduze. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, amaqabunga asonga futhi awe. Isiqu siba buthakathaka, sibune.
Ukusetshenziswa kokugqokwa kwe-potash
- I-potassium sulfate (i-potassium sulphate) isetshenziswa enhlabathini ene-alikhali. Ukusetshenziswa okomile, u-40 g walokhu kugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziswa ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele semibhede ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10-15. Ukuchelela, i-1 g yento ichithwa ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi.
- I-potassium monophosphate... Iyancibilika kahle emanzini. Isetshenziselwa ukudla kwezimpande namakhasi. Isetshenziswa izikhathi ezimbili phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhula (ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha nangesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo). Ukuze unisele, chaza u-10-15 g womanyolo kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Ukufafaza, i-1-2 g yento ichithwa kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi.
- I-potassium nitrate (i-potassium nitrate). Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa ukwakheka kwe-ovary. Into eyomile incibilika kahle emanzini. Ngokuchelela, thela u-10-20 g wempuphu kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Ngokufafaza, i-10 g ye-nitrate ichitheka kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi.
- I-potassium humate... Kutholakale ezinsaleleni zohlaza, umquba, i-peat, i-silt. Isetshenziswe kakhulu enhlabathini ene-alkaline, usawoti kanye ne-podzolic. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa yisikhathi sokukhula okukhulu kwezitshalo. Ngokufafaza noma ngokunisela, u-3 g (1 ithisipuni) wento uyoncibilika kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Zalisa izitshalo izikhathi ezintathu phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhula. Isikhawu amasonto ama-2.
Ukushoda kweBoron
Ngokushoda kwayo, izithombo zikhula kabi. Isihlahla sinjalo ukubuna kwephuzu lokukhula, kepha amahlumela asemaceleni akhula ngenkuthalo.
Izimbali ziyawa, kwakhiwa i-ovary encane. Isivuno siphansi, ngenkathi amabala omile avela ezithelweni... Amashidi afakwa kumashubhu abe luhlaza okotshani.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Boric acid
Okokunisela 5g i-boric acid ichitheka kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Kepha i-boron incono kakhulu isitshalo ngokudla okunezinhlamvu. Ngokufafaza, i-10 g ye-boric acid kufanele ihlanjululwe kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Isixazululo sisetshenziswa sifudumele.
Kubonisa kabi utamatisi kokubili ukungabi nalutho kanye ne-boron eyeqile... Ukufafaza kwenziwa kanye, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza okukhulu kwezitshalo.
Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen
Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen kuholela ekubukekeni i-chlorosis... Amaqabunga aba mancane, abe mncane. Umbala wemithambo ne-plate plate kushintsha kusuka kokuluhlaza kuye kobomvu ngokukhanyayo. Amaqabunga amadala aphela, bese ephuzi, futhi ekugcineni abe mhlophe ophuzi. Isiqu siqina, sithola umbala obomvu.
Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-nitrogen
Ingxube yokufakwa emhlabathini inamalitha ayi-9 omquba (uketshezi), 25 g we-nitrate owomile, u-80 g womlotha wokhuni. Ngemuva kwalokho imibhede iyaniselwa kakhulu. Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kokufakwa kabusha. Owesibili - ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10.
Uma umthamo kanye nesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwe-nitrogen kutholwa, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrate ezithelweni ngeke kweqiwe. Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna, yeka ukusebenzisa noma imuphi umanyolo.
Ukushoda kwe-Zinc ne-magnesium
Ukuntuleka kwe-zinc kuboniswa ekusakazekeni kwamapuleti eshidi izindawo ezimpunga-zethusi... Izindawo zezicubu ziyafa phezu kwawo wonke amashidi. Amaqabunga amancane aba mancane, ambozwe ama-specks aphuzi, amile kancane. Ziba ngokulingana, zisontekile.
Okondla ngamakhasi 5g i-zinc sulfate ichitheka kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium kuqala ukukhombisa emaqabungeni aphansi... Imithambo ihlala iluhlaza okotshani, futhi ukuphuzi kwenzeka nxazonke zawo, bese kuba bomvu kancane kwezicubu zamaqabunga, mhlawumbe ukuvela kombala onsomi. Umngcele wamaqabunga ugobile phezulu, ubanikeze ukugoba okumise okwedome. IMagnesium chlorosis yenzeka kaningi emhlabathini one-asidi.
Kusebenza ukondla amahlamvu... Chaza isipuni 1 se-magnesium nitrate kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, azothatha isikhundla sikasawoti we-Epsom.
Izithako zomanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi
Abakhiqizi bahlala bekhombisa ukwakhiwa komanyolo kupakeji, okuqukethwe okulinganiselwe kwengxenye ethile.
Imiyalo ichaza imithamo nezindlela zokuphatha amakhemikhali. Ubuhle bale mithi kulula ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
- Master - Kusheshisa ukukhula, kusiza ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo kwezimpande. Kwethulwa emhlabathini ngesilinganiso se-100-150g nge-1 sq.m.
- IKristalon - Hlanganisa u-10-20 g wento kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Zisetshenziselwa ukuchelela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo - ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukunisela endle - kanye njalo emavikini amabili. Ngokufafaza, chaza u-10 g wento elitha elilodwa lamanzi bese uyifeza kanye ngesonto.
- UKemira Lux - Chaza 20 g kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
- Isixazululo A - Ukuchelela, chaza u-10-25g womkhiqizo ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ngokufafaza, chaza u-25 g wento kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Umanyolo ufakwa kanye ngesonto.
Ngaphambi kokusebenza ngamakhemikhali, funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa.
Isimo esidingekayo - ukuhambisana nezinyathelo zokuphepha... Musa ukuhogela umusi wezixazululo noma uthuli olwakhiwe ngezinto ezomile. Abasebenza engadini basebenza ngezinto zokuphefumula nezingubo ezivimbela amakhemikhali ukuthi angene ezindaweni ezivelele zomzimba.
Kuyadingeka ukuxuba izingxenye ukuthola umanyolo ngokuzethemba okuphelele esilinganisweni esifanele.