Utamatisi "i-Gulliver" iyinhlobonhlobo yotamatisi ekhula ngokushesha, ngokuya ngezimpawu - zezindawo zokugcina izithombo kanye nezindawo zokugcina amafilimu. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu zezwe, ingahlwanyelwa emibhedeni. Yize utamatisi usanda kwakhiwa ngabalimi, usuvele uyathandwa phakathi kwabalimi ngenxa yesivuno sawo esiningi nokunakekelwa okungathobeki. Lesi sitshalo, ngokusho kwencazelo, sinesihlahla esiphansi esifinyelela ku-70 cm, sijwayela izimo ezimbi kakhulu futhi sinezithelo ezihlwabusayo, ezinamanzi.
Incazelo kanye nezimpawu zikatamatisi Gulliver
Kunconywa ukwakha isitshalo ngeziqu ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwe-carpal, amagatsha ayasinda ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, ngakho-ke adinga ukuboshwa.
Ukwakhiwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-80 ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, kanti utamatisi uthela izithelo kusuka ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kusuka ehlathini, ungaqoqa kuze kufike ku-7 kg utamatisi.
Utamatisi ezihlahleni wakhiwa ngamaqoqo katamatisi ayi-4-6 kuqoqo ngalinye.
Izithelo zibomvu ngombala nesikhumba esinyene, ubude bezithelo bungu-10-12 cm.Utamatisi wezinhlobonhlobo ze- "Gulliver" ayindilinga, anengqamuzana eliyindilinga, elinamanzi, likhulu ngosayizi.
Isisindo singafinyelela kusuka ku-130 kuya ku-200 amagremu... Izithelo zigcina ukwakheka kwazo kahle, aziqhekeki, futhi zikubekezelela kalula ukuhamba. I-pulp ebucayi, enamanzi inambitheka emnandi, emnandi. Izithelo zikulungele ukulungiselela ngendlela yokunamathisela utamatisi, i-lecho, ijusi nosawoti olula.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zeGulliver zakhuliswa kungekudala, kepha seyitholile idumela phakathi kwabalimi futhi, ngokungangabazeki, inezinzuzo zayo:
- Ine isivuno esikhulu, kusuka ezihlahleni ezithile kuze kufike ku-7 kg;
- Ukunakekelwa okuncane... Utamatisi awuthobeki ngesikhathi sokukhula, awungenwa yizifo, ngakho-ke awudingi ukuqhubeka ucubungulwa;
- Izithelo zilungele amasaladi, ujusi, isoso, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kufanelekile ukugcoba izithelo zonke;
- Ngenxa yokuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukugwema ukulimala ngokulimala sekwephuzile.
Okubi kufaka iqiniso lokuthi kudinga i-garter engapheli yamagatsha athelayo kanye nempova ebuthakathaka ezindlini zokugcina izithombo esimweni sezulu esibi.
Umhlabathi nezidingo zawo lapho utshala imbewu
Lapho betshala imbewu, abalimi bavame ukuthenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yotamatisi ezitolo. Kepha ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, lokhu akwenziwa ngale ndlela ngaso sonke isikhathi: umuntu akayethembi ingxube ethengiwe esitolo, umuntu uhlala kude nezitolo.
Lapho ulungiselela ifomula yokudla okunempilo ngokwakho, izidingo ezithile zalo kufanele zigcinwe. Kungcono ukulungisa inhlabathi kusukela ekwindla... Ukwenza lokhu, pheka izithako, uzixube bese ushiya umhlaba endaweni ebandayo. Ngokuqandisa inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela siyibulala amagciwane. Ungafaka futhi umusi noma uthele amanzi abilayo we-disinfection.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthosa umhlaba wokutshala imbewu kuhhavini, ngenxa yalokho, zonke izitshalo ezinikeza impilo kuyo ziyanyamalala.
Ukutshala imbewu, inhlabathi kufanele ibe:
- Khululeka;
- Ovundile... Inani elilungile lezinto eziphilayo namaminerali kufanele lengezwe kulo;
- Ngezinga elingathathi hlangothi le-asidi ne-microflora ebukhoma;
Kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka zokwakheka kwenhlabathi yokutshala imbewu, nazi ezimbalwa zazo:
- Ingxenye eyodwa yomhlaba ixutshwe nenani elifanayo le-humus, umhlaba wesoyi bese uxuba konke. Bese kuthi ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi sichithe amagremu ayi-10 e-carbamide, amagremu angama-30 we-superphosphate nama-gramu angama-25 we-potassium sulfate bese sinisela inhlabathi elungiselelwe umswakama.
- Hlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba wesoyi nengxenye eyodwa ye-humus bese ufaka ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi somfula lapho. Bese ufaka uhhafu welitha lomlotha wokhuni kulokhu okuhlanganisiwe bese uxuba yonke into, uthele amanzi kumswakama.
Ukutshala imbewu nezici zezithombo ezikhulayo
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlukahluka ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe izinsuku ezingama-80-90 ngaphambi kokuba izithelo zivuthwe. Ukuze izithombo zihlume ngokushesha, udinga ukuvumela imbewu iqhume. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zifake endwangwini enomswakama, bese uzifaka esikhwameni sepulasitiki bese uzifaka endaweni efudumele ebhetri, ubheke umswakama ngezikhathi ezithile.
Imbewu ikhombisa ukuhluma ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5. Ngemuva kokulungisa inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu nezimbewu, udinga ukuqala ukutshala ngqo. Ukuze senze lokhu, sithela amanzi ngendlela yobumba enwetshiwe esitsheni sepulasitiki, bese siwugcwalisa bese simanzisa.
Sihlwanyela imbewu esitsheni ngasinye ababili ngamunye ukuthola isiqinisekiso. Kulokhu, ukuze kube lula, yenza ikhefu langaphambi kokwenza. Simboza nge-foil bese sibeka efasiteleni, endaweni ekhanyisiwe. Lapho nje kuvela izithombo, ifilimu kufanele isuswe.
Lapho ukhula izithombo, kubalulekile ukugcina izimo ezintathu: umswakama womhlabathi, izinga lokushisa (ekuqaleni ama-23-24 degrees, bese kuba ngu-17-19 degrees) nokukhanyisa amahora ayi-12.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini
Izinhlobonhlobo ze "Gulliver" zivuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi yenzelwe ikakhulukazi yokutshala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ngakho-ke ake sigxile kulokhu ngokuningiliziwe. Kungcono ukuvuselela umhlaba ku-greenhouse bese uwucubungula nge-copper sulfate (amagremu angama-30 ebhakedeni ngalinye lamanzi). Faka umoya wokushisa, bese umba ama-humus.
Umquba omusha awunakufakwa emhlabathini entwasahlobo, ngoba wonke amandla okudla angaya eziqongweni. Ungatshala ku-greenhouse engashisi Meyi 15-20lapho izinga lokushisa lizoba cishe ngama-degree angama-25.
Izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala isidingo intukuthelo... Ukuze wenze lokhu, yikhiphe izinsuku ezingama-4-5 emoyeni, ukwanda kancane kancane kwesikhathi.
Isikhathi esifanelekile sezithombo yisikhathi senyanga eyodwa nohhafu, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi uhlelo lwempande lunesikhathi sokwakha kahle. Yenza izimbobo ngokohlelo lwendabuko 45 × 50 cm... Lapho utshala, kubalulekile ukuthi ungagxili iphuzu lokukhula emhlabathini (cishe u-15 cm). Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, izitshalo kufanele ziniselwe kakhulu, kepha hhayi kuze kube manzi.
Ukunakekela
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle sotamatisi, udinga ukulandela amasu athile wezolimo ngenkathi wenza lokhu. Lokhu kusho:
- Ukufaka intaba... Udinga ukugoqa okokuqala ngosuku lwe-10 emva kokutshala, bese ukukwenza njalo emavikini amabili;
- Ukuxega... Qapha njalo uhlelo lwempande ukuze inhlabathi eyizungezile ihlale ivulekile;
- Ukweba... Kwenziwa njalo ukususwa kwama-axillary inflorescence, ngaphambili kwakha isihlahla saba yigatsha elilodwa, amabili noma amathathu;
- Ukunisela... Udinga ukuwunisela njengoba inhlabathi isoma, kusihlwa, nangamanzi afudumele (afudunyezwe emgqonyeni).
Izakhi zamaminerali zithinta ngempumelelo ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukufaka umquba nge-phosphorus kwenziwa emasontweni ama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo. Okwesibili nge-ammonium nitrate, - ngenkathi kwakhiwa izithelo.
Izifo nokuvikela utamatisi
Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, lapho kutshalwa utamatisi, kuyingozi ikakhulukazi amacimbi we-gnawing scoop... Zingaqoqwa ngesandla, noma ziphathwe ngokumnika umhlonyane. Kukhona nezinkinga eziningi ezivela ku-whitefly. Izibungu zalo zinamathela phansi kweqabunga.
Ukulwa nabo, sebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa: 10 ml yesidakamizwa i-Phosbecid kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Futhi kuthinta ukukhula kwezitshalo nezinye izifo ezifana ne- okulimaza sekwephuzile nebala elinsundu... Zidinga nokuthi kusetshenzwe ngazo ngesikhathi esifanele nokwenziwa okuthile.
Ukutshala isivuno akuyona into elula kumlimi wensimu. Into esemqoka ukugcina izimo ezidingekayo zokukhula kwezitshalo nokuqonda amaphethini wokuthuthuka kwazo. Futhi isikhathi sizofika, futhi ngokuqinisekile uzoba nesivuno esikhulu.