Izifo zinciphisa umkhiqizo wezinyosi, ukunciphisa imisebenzi yabo, okuholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi. Yize ukuvikelwa kwempilo yezinyosi kunikezwe odokotela bezilwane bezwe, abelaphi ababaluleke kakhulu abafuyi bezinyosi uqobo.
Izifo ezingathathelani zezinyosi
Izifo zezinyosi ezingathathelani ziyehluka kunezo ezithathelwanayo ngoba umonakalo eziwudalele kule ndawo yezidleke kakhulu. Izifo ezinjalo azikwazi ukunqunywa ukuxilongwa kwelabhorethri., futhi imbangela yesenzeko ukunakekelwa okungafanele.
Impova toxicosis
Isifo sezinyosi ezingumhlengikazi, esivela ekusetshenzisweni kwempova ngezinto ezinobuthi.
Izinambuzane ziba buthakathaka, ziwele phansi esidlekeni bese zifa zinezimpawu zokuquleka... Ngenxa yokugcwaliswa kwamathumbu ngempova, isisu sezinyosi ezigulayo nezifile siyakhuliswa futhi lapho sicindezelwa, kuvela into eminyene ensundu.
Ukuvikela ukukhula kwesifo nokufa kwezinambuzane, kuyadingeka ukuthi kususwe amafreyimu wezinyosi ezindlekweni bese wondla izinyosi ngesiraphu ka-0.4-0.6 wamalitha esidlekeni ngasinye izinsuku eziyi-3-4.
Ngokuvikela izifo kubalulekile ukuhlela iziza ngezitshalo zezinyosi. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ugcwalise izikhathi zamahhala endaweni ethile.
I-Nectar toxicosis
Isifo esingathathelani sezinyosi, esidalwa impova enobuthi futhi esihambisana nokufa kwezinambuzane. Kwenzeka lapho kuqoqwa impova ku-larkspur, i-fighter, i-wolfberry, i-rhododendron kanye nokunye okutshalwayo. Abafuyi bezinyosi banquma isifo nokufa kwezinyosi kuphela ngaphakathi esidlekeni. Uma zithelelekile, izinyosi ekuqaleni ziba nokukhathazeka, bese ziba buthaka futhi zilahlekelwe yikhono lokundiza. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimpiko, isisu, imilenze nezimpondo zikhubazekile.
Ukwelashwa sebenzisa ukudla okuhambisanayo nesiraphu engama-33%. Izinambuzane ezithelelekile ziyaqoqwa, zimbozwe ngongqimba omncane esidlekeni esingenalutho bese zishiywa endaweni efudumele.
Ngokuvikelafuthi, uma kungekho sifumbathiso, kutshalwa isinaphi, iphacelia nezinye izitshalo zoju kuleyo nsimu.
I-Chemical toxicosis
Ukudakwa kwezinyosi ngezinto ezinobuthi, ezisetshenziswa ekulawuleni izinambuzane. Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngokushesha ngemuva kokufafaza indawo esendaweni yezinyosi. Izinambuzane ezithathelwanayo zihamba ngezinyawo kule ndawo yezidleke, ezidlekeni, ziwela ezindongeni nakuma-combs. Kukhona isisu esidumbile, uketshezi oluvela emlonyeni, ukushoda kokudla emathunjini nasegulini.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, amakhekheba ezinyosi athathwa esidlekeni acutshungulwe abe yi-wax.... Izinambuzane ezigulayo zondliwa ngesiraphu izinsuku eziyi-3-4.
Ngokuvikela izifo zezinyosi, ngenkathi kusetshenzwa amasimu nezingadi, zikhishwa amakhilomitha ama-5 bese zishiywa endaweni epholile.
I-alstrary dystrophy noma indlala
Ukuphazamiseka komzimba ngenxa yokushoda kokuphakelayo... Lokhu kugcina ngokufa kwezingane kanye nezinyosi uqobo. Ekuhloleni, umuntu kufanele anake ukukhula okuncane kosayizi omncane - banesisu namaphiko athuthukile. Izinyosi ezinjalo kufanele zilahlwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthola inkinga, ubakhiphele ngaphandle kwezidleke zezinyosi.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, izinambuzane zinikezwa ukudla - isiraphu kashukela, uju nokuningi. Kuyadingeka ukugcina imithetho yenhlanzeko emsebenzini, impilo yesixuku nokulondolozwa kwayo yonke indawo yezidleke zezinyosi kuncike kuyo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nokutheleleka, isifuba kufanele sibekwe ezindaweni ezomile, futhi izinambuzane kufanele zinikezwe inani elidingekayo lokudla okuhambisanayo okuphezulu.
Izinyosi ezishunqayo
Ukufa kwezinyosi ezivuthiwe kanye nezinkukhu ngenxa yokushisa okwenyuka nomswakama... Lesi sifo sivela lapho izinambuzane zijabule esidlekeni esivaliwe, ukungena komoya okuncane kanye nokuhamba okuncane.
Njengoba sesithelelekile, izinambuzane zikhipha umsindo, izindonga zamabhodi esidleke nophahla zishisa kakhulu. Behlola umndeni, bathola izinyosi eziningi ezifile noma ezifayo namakhekheba ezinyosi adabukile.
Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukuvula isidleke ngokushesha ukuvumela izinyosi ziphume ziphume.... Ngezansi kwebhokisi kufanele kuhlanzwe ubhadane lwezinyosi kanye nezicucu zekhekheba lezinyosi.
Ngokuvikela kushunqa, imindeni ishiya inani elidingekayo livaliwe, ishiya isikhala esiningi ngaphakathi futhi ivimbele ilanga eliqondile.
I-honeydew toxicosis yezinyosi
Isifo sezinyosi esenzeka lapho udla uju lwezinyosi futhi siphela ukufa kwezinambuzane namazinyane.
Lapho lesi sifo sivela amabala ansundu amnyama avele ezikama kanye nasezindongeni zesidleke - isihlalo sezinyosi.
Ukwelashwa kwehlobo, sebenzisa isiraphu yeshukela yokudla okuhambisanayo amalitha ayi-1-1.5, futhi ebusika - uju oluvela kumakhambi, noma ushukela ocwengekile, ofakwe kancane emanzini; isifuba sisethelwe kusenesikhathi - sokuhlanza izindiza nokunikeza ukudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kwezinambuzane.
Ngokuvikela, ngaphandle kwesifumbathiso, indawo ye-flyby yezinyosi ihlwanyelwa ngohlaza lwezinyosi noma isifuba siyiswa endaweni yokutshala okuningi.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zezinyosi kanye nezimpawu zazo
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zezinyosi - uhlu lwezifo, umthombo wazo ama-pathogenic microbes, amagciwane kanye nefungus yemvelaphi yezitshalo. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sesifo esithathelwanayo - Amakholoni wezinyosi ezigulayo athelela abaphilile.
I-Axospherosis
Izifo ezibangelwa ukhunta askofera, ithelela izibungu ze-drone nezinyosi ezinezinsuku ezingama-4-5 ubudala.
Ngesifo Kuvela izidumbu zezingane ezifile, kubukeka njengezicucu zikashoki noma umcako. Izinambuzane ezivuthiwe azitheleleki ngalesi sifo, kepha ziyizithwali zaso.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kusetshenziswe imithi, kanye nokudla isiraphu ngokufaka u-10 ml we-5% iodine ngelitha elilodwa liketshezi.
Okwezinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- gcina isidleke ilanga;
- susa Uju lwezinyosi oluthintekile;
- unganikeli Uju olulandiwe;
- chitha ukubulala amagciwane nge-10% ye-hydrogen peroxide futhi i-formic acid;
- shisa ikhekheba lezinyosi eligcwele amanzi nesifo esiwumshayabhuqe.
Ama-aspirin
Isifo esithathelwanayo sezibungu nezinyosi ezivuthiweokuholela ekomeni nasekufeni. Isikhunta salesi sifo silethwa esidlekeni yizinyosi ezinempova.
Lapho utheleleke ngegciwane, inzalo efile iyabuna futhi iqine. Umbala uyafiphala ushintshe ube ophuzi, umbozwe ukuqhuma okumnyama nokumhlophe. Ekuqaleni, izinambuzane ziyajabula, ngemuva - ziphelelwa amandla, futhi isisu siqina.
Imithi isetshenziswa ekwelapheni, susa sonke isifo esiwumshayabhuqe bese uphatha isifuba nge-10% ye-hydrogen peroxide no-0.5% we-boric acid. Izinyosi zinikezwa ukudla okuhambisanayo.
Ngokuvikela izinambuzane zigcinwa ezindlekeni ezomile, zinikezwe ukudla okwanele. Umhlabathi ongaphansi kwesifuba umbiwe nge-lime, uphathwe ngesisombululo se-4% se-formaldehyde. Wonke amarobhothi enziwa kusihlwa, esimweni sezulu esizolile.
Izifo nezimuncagazi ezinyosi zenza ingozi enkulu kule ndawo yezidleke, futhi zingayiqeda ngokuphelele.
I-Paratyphoid
Ukungcola okubucayi kwamakholoni wezinyosi ngamagciwane amaningi. Enye yazo i-alveya. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kusuka ezinyosini ezinegciwane kuya kwezinempilo.
Uma ulinyazwe amagciwane, isisu sihlupheka kuqala. Lokhu kungatholakala ngokubheka indle yezinyosi. Ziba yi-fetid ne-semi-liquid.
Izinyosi ezigulayo zondliwa ngokudla okukhethekile okwelapha... Lokhu kudinga ukwakheka kwamanzi okuqukethe amayunithi ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100 we-biomycin noma u-0.2 g we-chloramphenicol. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa isisombululo esingu-40-50 ml nelitha lesiraphu evuthayo. Okuphakelayo kunikezwa izikhathi eziyi-3-4 ngosuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-5, kufanele uthathe ikhefu.
Ngokuvikela Ngiphatha isifuba nge-10% ye-hydrogen peroxide ne-boric acid. Kushiswa wonke umashayabhuqe kanye nohlaka oluhlanziwe.
Ukukhubazeka kwegciwane ezinyosini
I-Pathology ethinta isimiso sezinzwa sezinambuzane futhi ikhubaze umzimba wonke. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kusuka ezinambuzaneni ezinegciwane kuya kwezinempilo. Isithwali seJerm - i-mite parasitic ehlala emzimbeni wezinyosi.
Izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka zivela ezinsukwini ezingama-5-10 ngemuva kokutheleleka. Izinyosi ziphelelwa amandla, okuholela ekufeni. Isikhathi sokukhubazeka sisukela ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuye ezinyangeni ezi-3.
Into esemqoka ukuhlukanisa umndeni obuthakathaka ukuze uvikele ukutheleleka kwabanye. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjena: i-apiyari yamenyezelwa ukuthi yahlukaniswa unyaka owodwa, isifo sezinyosi namakhekheba ezinyosi anamafremu ayashiswa.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izinyosi zondliwa ngesiraphu kashukela, nge-biomycin ne-tetracycline. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - i-endonuclease yamagciwane ihlanganiswe no-1 g we-magnesium chloride. Uju lwezinyosi luphathwa ngale ngxube izikhathi ezine njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7.
I-Septicmia
Idlulisa izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithinta izinyosi ezivuthiwe. Ukutheleleka kusakazeka kungakapheli amahora ambalwa, okuholela ekufeni kwezinambuzane.
Izinyosi ezinegciwane ziqala ukuyaluza, bese ziyabuna, zihambe kancane, bese ziba yiqhwa. Lapho inyosi icindezela, iyabhidlika.
Ukwelashwa kwe-septicemia: Izinyosi zihanjiswa ziyolashwa isifuba esomile, amafreyimu anezinyosi ezingaphrintiwe ayasuswa. Amabhokisi lawa avaliwe. Izinyosi zondliwa ngo-1: 1 isiraphu yokwelapha ushukela namanzi.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini, isifuba kufanele siphathwe nge-formic acid ne-hydrogen peroxide.
I-European foulbrood
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zezingane ezivulekile neziphrintiwe. Umthombo walesi sifo sekuvele yizinyosi ezinegciwane. Ngemuva kokutheleleka, izinambuzane ziba buthakathaka, ngemuva kwalokho zife.
Ukwelashwa kukhiqizwa ngokuhlanganisa ne-distillation yemindeni. I-Sherbet isetshenziselwa okuphakelayo, okuhlanganiswe nama-antibiotic ahlukahlukene, ama-2-3 izikhathi ngosuku.
Ama-combs anegciwane ayalahlwa, futhi isifuba sibulawa ngamagciwane.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nokwelashwa
Izifo ezithathelwanayo idluliswa ngokudluliswa kusuka kuzidleke ezahlukene zamathuluzi namabhokisi anegciwanekanye nokuthenga izindlovukazi ezinegciwane.
I-Varroatosis
Isifo sokuhlukaniswa esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-Varroa-Jacobsoni mite.
Ebusika, izinyosi ezinegciwane aziphumuli futhi zidinga ukudla okuningi okuhambisanayo. Ungabona inkathazo usebenzisa iphepha elimhlophe, lapho izinambuzane ziwela khona.
Izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-varroatosis:
- amakhemikhali - Lokhu ukwelashwa kwamakoloni wezinyosi ngamalungiselelo akhethekile;
- indlela yokushisa Kunconywa ukuthi ukwenze ekwindla ngemuva kokuvela kwezingane.
Ukuvimbela i-varroatosis:
- anti-varroatous ukwelashwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kombukiso wemifantu esendaweni;
- ukucubungula kusihlwa imindeni elwa ne-varroatosis.
UBraulez
Isifo lapho amakoloni ezinyosi athinteka yizintwala... Intwala iyisinambuzane sezinyosi namazinyane. Uhlala emzimbeni wabo, ikakhulukazi emzimbeni wesibeletho, ngenkathi ebaphazamisa kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa intuthu kagwayi... Izintwala ezivela emzimbeni wezindlovukazi kufanele zisuswe ngosizo lwentuthu kagwayi, futhi kunconywa ukuthi ubeke u-6-10 g we-naphthalene phezulu kozimele ebusuku, bese umboza ngezansi ngephepha elimhlophe. Ekuseni, zonke izintwala zizobonakala.
Ngokuvikela isifuba sicutshungulwa minyaka yonke ngaphambi kombukiso.
I-Nosematosis yezinyosi
Izifo zezinyosi, kubangelwa inkathazo ye-unicellular - nozema... Indlela yokutheleleka iyisondlo. Izinambuzane zinesifo sohudo nokufa kwabantu abaningi ngesikhathi sasebusika.
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa u-20.0 g we-fumagillin, ohlanjululwe ngamalitha angama-25 esiraphu eshisayo kashukela. Inkambo yokwelashwa amasonto amathathu.
Ngokuvikela i-nosematosis imindeni eqinile enenani elikhulu lezilwane ezincane zikhethelwa ubusika. Imithi ayivunyelwe, ngoba ukondla akuqashelwa kahle futhi umuthi ulahlekelwa yimpahla yawo.
Inyosi amoebiasis
Isifo esihlaselayo esivela ekuqothulweni kwe-amoeba Malpighamoeba mellifica. Amagciwane angena emzimbeni wezinyosi ngosizo lokudla noma amanzi.
Ekuhloleni, izinyosi ziyagula, zibe nohudo futhi zande ngokufa.
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa u-20.0 g we-fumagillin, ohlanjululwe ngamalitha angama-25 esiraphu eshisayo kashukela. Inkambo yokwelashwa amasonto amathathu.
Ngokuvikela i-nosematosis imindeni eqinile enenani elikhulu lezilwane ezincane zikhethelwa ubusika. Imithi ayivunyelwe, ngoba ukondla akuqashelwa kahle futhi umuthi ulahlekelwa yimpahla yawo.
Inyosi acarapidosis
Ukutheleleka okuthwalwa ngamakholoni ezinyosi yisidlakela se-Acarapis Woodi.
Izimpawu ezishiwoyo zokutheleleka kungabonakala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuqala kwezinyosi. Izinambuzane ezithelelekile ziyafa, ziwele phansi, ziqoqane ngezinqwaba noma zikhase kancane.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa sebenzisa intuthu yezidakamizwa. Intuthu yenziwa kahle ekuseni kakhulu, lapho izinyosi zingakaqhamuki.
Ngokuvikela i-apiyari ihlukaniswe ngaphakathi kwendawo engamakhilomitha ama-5-7. Ukuhlukaniswa kususwa unyaka owodwa ngemuva kokuqedwa ngokuphelele kwalesi sifo.
Izifo zezinyosi zidala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kubafuyi bezinyosi, ngakho-ke wonke umfuyi wezinyosi ubophezelekile ukuthi azi izifo eziyinhloko ezingalimaza "amawadi" akhe.