Zonke izinhlobo ze-sitrobheli zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ukusetshenziselwa okwakho nokulima izimboni. Ezangaphambili zenani lezici zazo zokunambitheka okuphezulu, kanti ezokugcina ngesimo sazo esihle nekhwalithi yokugcina ephezulu nokuhamba. I-Alba ihlanganisa izimfanelo zamakilasi womabili, kepha ukubuyekezwa kokunambitha kuhlanganisiwe.
Umsuka wezinhlobonhlobo
U-Alba wakhuliswa ngabasebenzi benkampani yase-Italiya i- "New Fruts", umsebenzi wabo kwakungukwenza izinhlobonhlobo ezinesivuno esikhulu hhayi kuphela ngezithelo eziphezulu, ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwekhwalithi, kepha futhi nokunambitheka okuhle nokwethulwa.
I-Alba noma i-hybrid NF311 ivele eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa. Umbhangqwana wabazali wawuyizinhlobo: i-albion ne-cal. 97.85-6. Izinhlobonhlobo zithathe izici ezinhle kakhulu kubazali bayo: isivuno esikhulu, ukunambitheka kanye nekhwalithi yamajikijolo... I-strawberry ngokushesha yaba umholi ekukhiqizeni izimboni zase-Italy.
Futhi, izinhlobonhlobo ziguqulelwa ukuthi zilinywe emazweni aseRussia, e-Ukraine naseBelarusian, lapho ibalulelwa khona ukuthola izithelo zayo namathemba ayo okuqala.
Izici ze-Alba sitrobheli
I-Alba itshalwa endle nasemiseleni yamafilimu, lapho isivuno sivuthwa khona emasontweni amabili adlule. Amajikijolo avuthwa emasimini avulekile maphakathi no-May... Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlobonhlobo, isivuno esihle, esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni.
Amajikijolo, ngokusho kwencazelo, anomumo oyindilinga, futhi isisindo sawo sisuka ku 25-30 amagremu... Izithelo ezibomvu zihlukaniswa uginindela omuncu nokunambitheka okumnandi nge-asidi encane. Inesikhathi eside sokuthela futhi phakathi naso sonke isikhathi ijikijolo alinciphi.
Ijikijolo elikhulu kunazo zonke lalitshalwa edolobheni laseRolkestone (USA). Isisindo saso singaphezu kwama-gram angama-230, kepha asizange sinambitheke kahle.
Izihlahla ze-Alba zinesakhiwo esinamandla, zinamaqabunga aphansi futhi zingakhula zifike kuma-35 cm. Esihlahleni esisodwa kungenzeka ukuqoqa cishe ikhilogremu elilodwa lamajikijolo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana ne-powdery isikhutha, i-verticellosis ne-fusarium wilt, kepha ingahlushwa indawo ensundu nokumhlophe. I-Alba iyamelana nesithwathwa sentwasahlobo nesomiso sasehlobo.
Izinzuzo zokuhlukahluka zifaka:
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- isikhathi sokuqhuma esiphumelelayo, esigwema amakhaza aphindaphindiwe;
- ukwakheka okusheshayo kwamajikijolo;
- ongajwayele ukuthela izithelo;
- ithuba lokuvuna ngomshini;
- amazinga aphezulu okuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwekhwalithi;
- isimo sokumaketha;
- isivuno esihle futhi esizinzile;
- ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa okuhle.
Okubi okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi isikhathi sesikhathi sokuphumula, kanye nokuchayeka ku-anthracnose.
I-Alba ingeka- Izinhlobo ezingamelana nesomisongakho-ke idinga ukuniselwa kanye ngesonto. Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga ukuniselwa njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu noma ezine.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokulima
Ama-strawberry kufanele atshalwe ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezikhanyisiwe, ezivikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo. Kungcono ukuthi okusanhlamvu, u-garlic, u-anyanisi noma izitshalo eziqhakazayo - ama-marigolds nama-petunias - kutshalwe ekuqaleni kwesiza.
Kepha ngemuva kotamatisi, amazambane, izitshalo zamaqanda, upelepele kanye namajikijolo, tshala i-albu engathandeki... Izandulela ezinjalo zandisa ubungozi bokulimala sekwedlule isikhathi. Insimu ye-sitrobheli etshalwe emva kwamakhukhamba kanye neklabishi ingathinteka yi-nematode.
I-Alba ikhula kabi endaweni yokutshala ummbila no-sunflower, ngoba kuqeda ngokweqile inhlabathi.
Ukutshalwa kwe-Strawberry kungenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. I-Alba, etshalwe ekwindla, izonikeza isivuno sayo sokuqala entwasahlobo, futhi ezihlahleni zokutshalwa kwentwasahlobo, amajikijolo azovela kuphela ngemuva konyaka. Ukutshalwa kwehlobo kwama-strawberry nakho kuvunyelwe, kepha isimo sezulu akufanele sishise kakhulu.
Ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi, ukubeka i-substrate, noma ukufaka izitendi zamajikijolo kungasiza ekugcineni ama-strawberry ezifweni nezithelo zingaboli.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Ama-Strawberries akhula kahle enhlabathini enesihlabathi noma e-loamy, ehlanganiswe nenani elanele lezinto eziphilayo.
Ukulungiselela ukutshala kuyenziwa kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi komcimbi futhi kufaka izigaba eziningana:
- ukumba okujulile;
- ukususwa kokhula nezimpande zalo;
- ukwethulwa kwesethi yokuqalisa yomanyolo.
Kumitha ngayinye yesikwele, kufanele kusetshenziswe amalitha ayi-10 omquba obolile noma i-humus ngokufakwa komanyolo onzima. Lesi sakamuva singashintshwa ngomlotha noma nge-superphosphate.
Ngokusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma ukuthambekela kwesayithi ekumeni kwamanzi, ukutshala ama-strawberry batusa ukwakha amaqolo aphakeme... Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukubola kwezimpande nokumanzi kumajikijolo.
Ukutshala i-alba endaweni eyisicaba kusiza ukukhulisa ukugcinwa komswakama ngenkathi eyomile.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo
String indlela ukutshala ama-strawberry yikhona okuvame kakhulu. Kwenziwa emigqeni emibili, isikhawu phakathi kwaso okufanele okungenani sibe ngamasentimitha angama-40. Izihlahla ze-alba zitshalwa ebangeni elingu-25 cm komunye nomunye, kugcinwa ubuchwepheshe obuthile.
- Lungiselela izimbobo zokutshala zijule 20-25 cm.
- Faka ama-humus, umlotha kanye nomanyolo wezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi emgodini ngamunye.
- Chitha imithombo ngamanzi.
- Izidlwana kufanele zitholwe kuma-tendrils ungadluli unyaka owodwa.
- Izimpande zento yokutshala zibekwa kusixazululo sokuvuselela ukukhula futhi zigcinwe endaweni enomthunzi amahora ayisithupha.
- Izithombo ezinempilo zitshalwa zibheke phezulu ukuze ingqikithi ibe sezingeni lomhlabathi futhi izimpande zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngomhlabathi.
Njalo isihlahla ngemuva kokutshala udinga ukuniselaukuhlanganisa inhlabathi. Ukunisela okulandelayo kwenziwa lapho kudingeka. Ungadluli ngokweqile noma wome ngokweqile ukutshala - lokhu kuholela ekwakhiweni kwezifo zefungal kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha izinsuku zokufika. Ngentwasahlobo, ama-strawberry atshalwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ehlobo - kusuka maphakathi noJulayi, nasekwindla - isigamu senyanga ngaphambi kweqhwa elilindelekile.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Alba ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala kuhloswe ekwakheni uhlelo lwezimpande oluqinile, ngakho-ke izimpondo ezintsha kanye nama-peduncles kumele asuswe.
Ukunakekela ukutshalwa okudala kuncike esikhathini.
- Ngemuva kobusika... Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, indawo yokukhosela ebusika iyasuswa, amaqabunga alimele ayasuswa, nenhlabathi iyaxegiswa. Amaminerali noma ama-organic fertilizer kufanele asetshenziswe kathathu ngenyanga. Izinqubo zenziwa ngaphambi kokuba amajikijolo okuqala avele. Kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo, ukuchelela okujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe, kuqala ngezingxenyana ezincane, kepha kabili ngosuku.
- Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza... Ngalesi sikhathi, imibhede kufanele ixutshwe ukuvimbela ukukhula kokhula, iqinisekise ukuhlanzeka kokutshalwa futhi ivikele amajikijolo ekubolile. Ama-strawberry aniselwa ngesisombululo se-urea noma ukumnika umlotha. Uma ufisa, ukufafaza ngezixazululo kwenziwa ukukhuthaza umkhiqizo.
- Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza... Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-strawberry adinga i-potash, i-humus nomlotha. Ukuze kwandiswe inani lama-ovari, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufafaze nge-boric acid, isipuni sayo esihlanjululwa ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi. Ama-tendrils amancane ngalesi sikhathi kufanele anqunywe ukuze angalahlekelwa yingxenye yesitshalo.
- Ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokuqala kwezithelo. Benza izihlahla zokuvimbela izintambo ezintsha, ezenza ukuthi kube lula ukunweba isivuno, ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kwamajikijolo, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokugula, kanye nokwenza lula ukuvunwa kwezithelo.
- Ubusika... Ngemuva kokuphela kwe-fruiting, zonke izingxenye zezitshalo ezilimele, ukhula kufanele zisuswe futhi ama-strawberry kufanele ambozwe ngezinto ezikhethekile noma i-ephedra. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukusinda okuhle ebusika futhi kusheshise isikhathi sokukhula.
Ukuze uthuthukise izici zokunambitheka kwe-alba, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-fertilizer aqukethe hhayi kuphela ama-macro- kodwa nama-microelements.
Abalimi abanolwazi ungatusi sikhule i-alba endaweni eyodwa isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, inani lesitshalo liyancipha, futhi ijikijolo lilahlekelwa izici zalo.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele unakekele ukufaka ama-strawberry endaweni entsha. Kepha isayithi langaphambili lingatshalwa eminyakeni emine kuphela.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha
Ukuze kukhiqizwe i-alba, indlela yokuhlukanisa isihlahla, izimpande ze-rooting (rosettes), kaningi zisebenzisa indlela yembewu.
Bush division indlela
Kwenziwa ngohlelo oluthile:
- inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokusungula ukushisa okuzinzile okungaphezulu kwe-zero noma ngemuva kokuvuna;
- khetha izihlahla ezinempilo ezineminyaka emibili noma emithathu ngezithelo ezizinzile;
- izihlahla zisuswa ngokucophelela emhlabathini ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande;
- uhlelo lwempande luhlukene phakathi ezingxenyeni ezimbili noma ezintathu insimbi ebukhali engasebenzi. Ucezu ngalunye kufanele lube ne-rosette enamaqabunga;
- izindawo zokusike ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-manganese.
Ingcezu ngayinye itshalwe emigodini yokulungisa elungisiwe.
Ukhula lwenothi izimpondo
Ukuvunwa kwezinto zokutshala kwenziwa ekupheleni kukaJuni, kugcinwa imithetho ejwayelekile.
- Lungisa ingxube yenhlabathi ngokuxuba izingxenye ezilinganayo zenhlabathi ye-peat nensimu. Ingxube ifakwa nge-humus. Ungasebenzisa futhi umhlabathi we-sitrobheli owenziwe ngomumo.
- Izintambo zitshalwa ezitsheni ezingazodwana ezigcwele ingxube yenhlabathi bese zibekwa egumbini elifudumele, elikhanyiswe kahle.
- Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ihlale imanziswa.
- Ukutshala kungavundiswa nge-mullein noma ukumnika imvubelo.
- Lapho amaqabunga amathathu amaqabunga akhiwe kuma-rosettes, susa izimpondo ezisele bese ufaka izitshalo endaweni ehlala njalo.
Lapho kutshalwa kabusha, kufanele kugcinwe ibhola lobumba, elizovimbela ukulimala kwezimpande futhi lisheshise inqubo yokuhluma kwezimpande endaweni entsha.
Indlela yembewu
Lapho ukhula i-alba kusuka embewini, izici ezahlukahlukene zinganyamalala.
Ngakho-ke, le ndlela ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa futhi imbewu kufanele ithengwe ezindaweni zokugcina izingane. Kepha ungazama ukuzitholela wena.
Inqubo ifaka izigaba eziningana:
- izithelo ezinkulu ezivuthiwe zikhethwa, lapho ingxenye yesithathu engenhla isikwa khona, ixoveke futhi ibekwe elangeni;
- izinto zokusetshenziswa ezomisiwe kufanele zifakwe emanzini bese kufanele kukhethwe imbewu;
- imbewu evuniwe cwilisa izinsuku ezingama-2-3 kusixazululo esibuthakathaka sama-manganese noma isikhuthazi sokukhula;
- imbewu elungisiwe ihlwanyelwe ezitsheni zokutshala ezigcwele inhlabathi ekhethekile futhi ibekwe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyisiwe;
- ngemuva kokubonakala iqabunga lokuqala langempela izithombo ziyacwila.
Ukutshala izitshalo ezincane emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokwenza ukuqina kwezihlahla... Le nqubo iqukethe ukukhipha ama-strawberry uye nawo emoyeni omusha, kancane kancane kwandise isikhathi se- "walk".
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Alba strawberries ayivikelekile ezifweni eziningi zefungal, kepha ivame ukuthinteka anthracnose... Imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwesifo umswakama ophezulu. Izimpawu zesifo zibonakaliswa ngamabala amancane we-grey-burgundy emapuleti amaqabunga, akhula kancane ngosayizi. Uma kungenziwa lutho, isitshalo singafa.
Njenge-prophylaxis yalesi sifo, izithombo ze-sitrobheli ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-manganese noma i-Bordeaux liquid.
Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokugula, ukutshalwa kwe-sitrobheli kulashwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile. Ngesifo esithuthukile, udinga ukubhubhisa wonke amahlathi, futhi uphathe umhlabathi nge-Bordeaux liquid.
Kulezi zinambuzane, ama-strawberry avame ukuhlaselwa aphid kanye weevils, ukulwa nabasebenzisa ukufafaza ngamanzi anensipho noma amalungiselelo akhethekile.
Ukunambitheka kwe-sitrobheli alba kudumaze izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo. Ayinabo ubumnandi obuqinile nephunga elizwakalayo. Kodwa ukuhlukahluka sekuzuze ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi abatshala amajikijolo athengiswayo.
Ikhwalithi yokugcina enhle nokubukeka okumangalisayo kunika amandla amakhulu wokuthenga. Futhi, le sitrobheli isebenza ngezindlela eziningi, ngakho-ke ingatholwa ezingadini zomuntu siqu.