Kuwo wonke umuntu ofuna ukuvuna utamatisi kusenesikhathi, kukhona i-tomato hybrid ngaphansi kwegama elingajwayelekile elithi Hali-gali. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezikhula ekuqaleni azilethi inkinga enkulu ekutshalweni kwesitshalo. Utamatisi wenziwa ngabakhiqizi baseSiberia futhi wanikezwa ilayisense njengebhastidi ngo-2003. IHali-gali inconyelwe ukuthi kutshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemhlabathini ongavikelekile. Njengamanje ijabulela idumela elifanelekile phakathi kwabalimi nabalimi. Incazelo nezimpawu zokuhlukahluka kwethulwe kulokhu kubuyekezwa.
Incazelo nezimpawu zamatamatisi e-Hali-gali
I-hybrid yokuqala yokuvuthwa, kusukela ekubonakaleni kwamahlumela okuqala kuze kube ekutholeni izithelo ezivuthiwe, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-80-100. Unezinhlamvu ezifanayo ze-F-1. Lesi sitshalo siyizinhlobonhlobo ezinqumayo nesihlahla esijwayelekile.
Kunconywa ukuthi utshale izinhlobo ze-Hali-Gali endle, kepha abalimi abaningi bayayitshala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo: lapho utamatisi uvuthwa khona izinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngokushesha. Isihlahla sinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani ocebile, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kuma-90 cm.
Ama-inflorescence walolu hlobo, njengamanye utamatisi, awanawo umpe. Mayelana nalokhu, impova ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kwesinye isikhathi kufanele yenziwe ngesandla noma kusetshenziswe izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuheha izinyosi. Utamatisi weHali-gali ulungele kangcono ukukhula ezifundeni eziseningizimu naseNyakatho Caucasus. Maphakathi neRussia, i-Urals neSiberia, kunconywa ukuthi kukhule ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela ifilimu.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ukuqokomisa izinzuzo ze-hybrid, kufanele kuqashelwe:
- Ukungaguquguquki kwentuthuko izitshalo lapho kushintsha izimo zezulu;
- Okungenzeka ukhule lesi sitshalo kuvulandi, ngenxa yokukhula okuncane;
- Ukukhuthazela umswakama onganele;
- Ukuvuna kokuqala izithelo;
- Kukhulu amaphesenti kashukela ngezithelo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinesivuno esincane futhi udinga ukondliwa okwengeziwe. Kulokhu, mhlawumbe, wonke amaphutha akhe ayaphela.
Ukutshala imbewu nezithombo ezikhulayo
- Njengoba uhlobo lweKhali-gali luyingxube, ngakho-ke, okokuqala, udinga ukuthenga imbewu esitolo (akunakwenzeka ukuziqoqa ngokwakho). Ngemuva kwalokho sithenga ifomula eyenziwe ngomumo esitolo noma sixube ngokwethu izinto ezidingekayo.
- Silungisa iziqukathi zezithombo, Okokuqala sithululela i-drainage ezansi ngesimo sobumba olwandisiwe, bese kuba ingxube yezakhi zomzimba ezilungiselelwe. Senza ukugcotshwa ezitsheni bese sitshala imbewu (ukuqinisekisa, singcwaba imbewu engu-2 esitsheni ngasinye emhlabathini).
- Mboza izithombo ngefilili bese uzibeka efasiteleni elikhanyisiwe. Lapho kukhula izithombo, kufanele kugcinwe izimo ezintathu: ukushisa okudingekayo, ukukhanya nomswakama. Ekuqaleni, ngezithombo, udinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa lama-22-25 degrees, lapho-ke, lapho ifilimu isuswa emabhokisini esithombo lapho kuvela amahlumela, kuyadingeka ukuthi yehliswe ibe ngu-17-19 degrees.
- Imvamisa ngo-Ephreli emini amahora asemancane, ngakho-ke, ukudala ukukhanya okudingekayo kwezithombo amahora ayi-12, udinga ukudala ukugqamisa okungekuko. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, qiniseka ukuthi umhlaba umanzi; kulokhu, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe.
Izimbewu zikatamatisi zezithombo kufanele zihlwanyelwe izinsuku ezingama-50-60 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle izitshalo, kuyadingeka ukunquma ngokunembile isikhathi sokutshala imbewu, ngaphandle kwalokho, uma kwenzeka ukuvezwa ngokweqile, utamatisi uthatha isikhathi eside ukuthatha izimpande.
Izinsuku ezilinganiselwe zokutshala imbewu ngesifunda:
- Ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia ne-Ukraine - kusuka ngoFebhuwari 20 kuya kuMashi 15;
- Esigodini esimaphakathi - kusuka ngoMashi 15 kuya ku-Ephreli 1;
- E-Urals, eSiberia - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-15 Ephreli.
Ukuze ungaphazami lapho uqala ukukhula izithombo, udinga ukugxila kumaqhwa angenzeka esifundeni sakho. Ngokubala izinsuku ezingama-60 emuva kwalolu suku, unganquma ngokunembile isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu. Uma uhlela ukutshala ku-greenhouse, ukuhlwanyela kungaqalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto ama-2-3.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini
Izindawo ezivundile, ezikhanyiswe kahle, okungcono ezinethambeka eliseningizimu, zilungiselelwa utamatisi ovuthwa ekuqaleni we-Hali-gali. Akuthandeki ukutshala utamatisi iminyaka emibili ilandelana endaweni efanayo ngenxa yezifo ezithwalwa yinhlabathi.
Imidumba, imifino kanye nemifino yezimpande bangaphambi kokuhle. Akuthandeki ukutshala ngemuva kwamatamatisi namazambane.
Ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kulayini ofanayo kungenzeka. Kuyadingeka ukutshala izithombo lapho amaqhwa edlula, ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ku-greenhouse ongakwenza - ngoMeyi 10-15. Kungcono ukufakelwa kabusha ngosuku olunamafu, noma kusihlwa, lapho ukushisa kwehla.
Ngasikhathi sinye, abangaphansi kufanele batshalwe ebangeni elingu-40 cm komunye nomunye futhi kufanele kugcinwe u-50 cm phakathi kwemigqa. Beka iziqu zibheke phezulu, futhi ujulise imbiza yobumba enhlabathini ngaphandle kokungcwaba indawo ekhulayo. Ngemuva kokutshala, nisela izitshalo kakhulu.
Utamatisi okhulayo
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kukatamatisi, kuhloswe futhi ukubanakekela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlola njalo izitshalo futhi, uma kunesidingo, udinga:
- Spud... Isikhathi sokuqala lapho udinga ukwenza lokhu emavikini amabili ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, emva kwezinsuku eziyi-14-15 ezinye izikhathi ezi-2-3;
- Khulula inhlabathi ezungeze uhlelo lwempande. Umhlaba kumele ube nomoya;
- Ukunisela... Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kakhulu, kepha hhayi kaningi;
- Ncinza... Yakha isihlahla setamatisi ngehlumela elilodwa, amabili noma amathathu bese ususa njalo ama-infillrescence e-axillary. Kunconywa futhi ukususa amaqabunga aphansi;
- Faka okokugqoka okuphezulu. Ukudla kokuqala kufanele kusetshenziswe ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14 emva kokutshala. Owesibili - ngemuva kokuqala kwezimbali zeqoqo lesibili lesimbali.
Lapho utshala utamatisi, udinga kwesinye isikhathi ukuzamazamisa izitshalo ukuthola umanyolo ongcono. Le nqubo yenziwa ntambama kusuka nge-12 kuya ku-15 ngehora, bese kuthi utamatisi onama-pistil aniselwe kancane ngamanzi afudumele: impova inamathela kalula kwi-pistil emanzi.
Isici sezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi i-F-1 hybrid ayingeni ezifweni, futhi kulezi zimo ezingavamile, ungenza ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuzothinta nokuhlanzeka kwemvelo kwesithelo.
Njengoba sekushiwo, izithelo zivuthwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu. Amafomu wokuqala we-inflorescence phambi kweqabunga lesikhombisa. Izithelo zinombala obomvu ofanayo onethiphu ekhombe ekugcineni. Ukuvunwa kwetamatisi we-Hali-Gali kuncane kakhulu, cishe ama-3 kg ehlathini ngalinye kuze kufike ku-12 kg nge-1 m2
Ngenxa yokuthi uhlobo lweKhali-gali luvuthwe kusenesikhathi, lesi sivuno sanele ukujabulela ukunambitheka kwezithelo zokuqala, ukuzisebenzisa kumasaladi. Futhi, lezi utamatisi zinhle ukulondolozwa ebusika ngendlela yamalungiselelo ahlukahlukene.