Zombili izingane nabantu abadala bayathanda ukudla ummbila omnandi. Kuhlala kunendawo yokutshala isivuno, kungaba ngumngcele wothango noma maphakathi nesiza. Into esemqoka ukuthi kunombhede okhanyiswe kahle yimisebe yelanga. Abalimi bokuqala kufanele bazijwayeze izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wokutshala. Uma ucabangela lesi sifunda, kuyadingeka ukuthi unqume ukuthi wesabe amakhaza entwasahlobo noma utshale noma ungatshali ummbila, qiniseka ukubheka lokhu.
Ungatshala nini ummbila entwasahlobo esifundeni saseMoscow, eSiberia nase-Urals?
Akufanele ugijimele ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, ngeke ziqhume emhlabathini obandayo. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yeRussia, ukutshala kuma-dachas kuqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi... Okwesifunda esiphakathi nesifunda saseMoscow, imigomo ivame ukuguqulwa ngamaviki ama-2-3. Izinhlobo ezingamelana namakhaza zihlinzekela ukuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi, kepha-ke, ukuvikela amahlumela amancane ekubandeni, kunconywa ukusebenzisa okokumboza ebusuku. Uma izimo zezulu zingakuvumeli ukuqala kokuhlwanyela, indlela yezithombo yokutshala izitshalo, ejwayelekile kuma-Urals naseSiberia, kufanele isetshenziswe.
Isimo sezulu saseSiberia senza kube lula ukuthola izithelo zokuvuthwa kwe-wax yobisi; ukuvuthwa okugcwele akwenzeki ngenxa yesimo sezulu. Ukutshala kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ochwepheshe abakukhuthazi ukucwilisa imbewu; kwanele ukwenza ngokutshalwa kommbila osezingeni eliphakeme. Futhi ukuze kuhlume amahlumela ngokushesha, kusetshenziswa ikhava emnyama ye-agrofibre. Iheha imisebe yelanga, idale indawo enhle yokuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela.
Izinsuku zokufika ziyakhombisa. Udinga ukuqala umsebenzi ucabangela izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi efudumalayo. Kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-10-12 ° C.
Ngabe lesi sitshalo singakwazi yini ukubekezelela isithwathwa futhi sibekezelela liphi izinga lokushisa entwasahlobo?
INingizimu Melika kanye nesiqeshana esiphakathi nezwekazi kubhekwa njengezwe lommbila, okukhombisa isiko elithanda ukushisa. Abalimi kwakudingeka benze imizamo eminingi yokuzalela izinhlobo nezinhlanganisela ezimelana nesithwathwa sentwasahlobo... Imbewu etshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile nezithombo zimelana nokushisa okungenani okungu -1-2 ° C, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ziye zize zifike ku -4 ° C. Lokhu kuyimpumelelo enkulu, ngoba izinkomba zokushisa ezifanele kakhulu lapho ihlumela lihluma khona zingu-12-18 ° C (ubuncane bezinto eziphilayo bunqunywa ububanzi buka-8-10 ° C).
Izinga lokuhluma kwezithombo liyashintsha kuye ngombuso wezinga lokushisa. Ubuncane bezinto eziphilayo buqinisekisa ukuhluma kwamahlumela ezinsukwini eziyi-18-20, kuyilapho ku- + 20 °, amahlumela avela ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ezinsukwini ezingama-5-8.
Lapho utshala imbewu yommbila okokuqala ngqa, udinga ukugxila ekushiseni kwaphakathi nenyanga. Njengenetha lokuphepha, kufanele kulungiswe izinto zokumboza ezizovikela izithombo emakhazeni asentwasahlobo.
Ungatshala kahle kanjani ummbila ngaphandle?
Ukukhulisa isivuno esisifunayo, kufanele silandele eminye imithetho yokuthi singatshalwa kanjani. Hlwanyela imbewu ngesikhathi, tshala izithombo ngesikhathi, khumbula ukuthi ummbila, njenganoma yimuphi omunye umuntu ohlala engadini, wesaba iqhwa, awusoze wakhuthazelela (phela iSiberia akuyona i-Ukraine), kanye nokukhulula umhlaba bese wondla isitshalo ngesikhathi. Kuya ngokuthi izokhula kanjani nokuthi zingaki izithelo ezivela ekotishi lasehlobo ezizovela ekhaya.
Ungayitshala kanjani imbewu futhi ukhule izithombo
Ungatshala isivuno emhlabathini ovulekile ngembewu nezithombo. Ukuhlwanyela okulungile kwembewu yezithombo ekhaya, kusetshenziswa amakhasethi (amaseli anomthamo we-45 cm2) noma amabhodwe e-peat (ubukhulu obungu-12 cm). Iziqukathi zigcwele inhlabathi evundile, exutshwe ngamanani alinganayo nehumus noma umquba. Ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokunisela, i-hydrogel ingezwa enhlanganisweni yenhlabathi. Le ngxenye ikuvumela ukuthi ukwandise okuqukethwe komswakama we-substrate, unciphise inani lezinqubo zokuthambisa izithombo ngezikhathi ezingama-3-4.
Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kufanele ifakwe, ichithwa ngendwangu emanzi izinsuku ezingama-5-7. Ngemuva kokugcotshwa, okusanhlamvu okuvuvukile kungcwatshwa ezitsheni ezilungisiwe ngo-3-4 cm (izingcezu ezi-3-4 zibekwe ezimbizeni, izingcezu ezi-2 kuseli lekhasethi).
Ukuhluma kwembewu kuhamba kancane. Kulesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa olufunayo nokukhanya okuhle.... Ngokushoda kokukhanya kwemvelo, amalambu emini afakiwe, ngakho-ke azokhula ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ama-3-4 kumahlumela, amahlumela abuthakathaka kufanele asuswe, kusale kuphela izithombo ezibukeka ziqinile. Isonto ngaphambi kokudlulisa izithombo endaweni evulekile, kubalulekile ukuqina nsuku zonke ukujwayela indawo yazo yemvelo.
Ukufika entwasahlobo emhlabathini ekotishi labo lasehlobo, uhlelo
Kwemibhede yommbila, khetha indawo ngaphandle kokufiphaza. Lesi sitshalo simelana nesomiso, enye yezimo eziyinhloko zesikhathi sokukhula inani elanele lokukhanya kwelanga. Ukuhambisana nohlelo lokutshala kubhekwa njengephuzu elibaluleke ngokulinganayo, ngoba ummbila uyinhlobo enezimpova ezinqamulelayo. Ngalesi sizathu, umbhede wakhiwa kusuka emigqeni eminingi, ngaphandle kwalokho kungahle kube nezinkinga ngempova. Abalimi abanolwazi basebenzisa lezi zinketho zokutshala ezilandelayo:
- imigqa enezinhlamvu ezimbili emgodini ngamunye (ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo - 35 cm, izikhala zemigqa - 45-50 cm);
- ngendlela yokwakha izidleke (isikhawu esiphakathi kwezitshalo singama-45 cm kuzo zonke izinhlangothi noma amahlumela ayi-9 nge-1 m2).
Ukulungisa inhlabathi ezweni yokulima izitshalo
Indawo yombhede kufanele ihlanzwe ngokucophelela, kususwe zonke izinsalela zezitshalo nokhula. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekwindla, ukuze kuthi ngemuva kokumba, izibungu nezinambuzane zizomisa iqhwa lokuqala. Inhlabathi izolungela ukutshala ummbila uma izilimo eziyimidumba noma zamathanga, amazambane, iklabishi zazitshalwe phambi kwawo.
Umquba obolile umanyolo ofanele kakhulu.... Imikhiqizo yezimbiwa eyinkimbinkimbi enothisa inhlabathi ngama-micronutrients nayo iyafaneleka. Isakhiwo senhlabathi kufanele sikhululeke ukuze uhlelo lwempande lukhule lungavinjelwa. Nciphisa inhlabathi esindayo ngotshani oqoshiwe noma ngesaha.
Umhlaba uqala ukhululwe, bese kuchazwa izindawo zemigodi. Ukujula kokucwiliswa kwembewu kunqunywa ngokubheka izinto ezimbili: izinga lomswakama womhlabathi kanye nesimo sembewu (eyomile noma ehlumayo). Izinhlamvu ezivuvukile zifakwe enhlabathini enomanzi futhi efudumele ekujuleni kwe-3-4 cm, eyomile - ngo-5-6 cm.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko ngalinye kwenziwa lula ngokusondela kwezinye izitshalo. Abangane abalandelayo bafanele ummbila: ukhukhamba, ithanga, ubhontshisi nolunye ubhontshisi. Uma itshalwe phakathi kwemigqa, njengamakhukhamba, kubalulekile ukushiya isikhala esanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yomibili imifino yondliwa ngokwanele.
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokutshala ukuze ungesabi isithwathwa
Abantu abaningi babheka ummbila njengesitshalo esingathobekile esidinga ukhula kuphela. Noma kunjalo, akunjalo. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle nezindlebe ngokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, kuzofanela ulandele imithetho elula yokunakekelwa.
Ukunisela
Ummbila uthanda umswakama, ungangena kumalitha angama-4 ngosuku. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ingadi idinga ukugcwaliswa. Ukungena kwamanzi kubambezela ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande, kuguqula umbala wamaqabunga (kuvela umbala onsomi). Lezi zinto zisongela isivuno sesitshalo, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kucatshangelwa izinga lomswakama womhlabathi. Inkomba yenhlabathi eyi-70-80%. Ngesikhathi sokunisela, ama-1-2 amalitha amanzi asetshenziswa ehlathini ngalinye. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuyinisela njalo, kunconywa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uxege umhlabathi. Le nqubo idume ngokubizwa ngokuthi ngenkasa elomile. Ukuxega ngokuyisisekelo kuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi yome. Kepha indlela engcono yokugcina umswakama emibhedeni ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokunisela indawo.
Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi lihlukile esigabeni ngasinye sokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, ukuchelela okulingene kuzodingeka, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ayi-7, inani loketshezi lenyuka laya ku-1.5 litre ngehlahla ngalinye. Ngemuva kokuthi imicu yezikhwebu iqale ukuba mnyama, ukunisela kwenziwa kancane kakhulu noma inani lamanzi asetshenzisiwe liyancipha.
Ukhula, ukukhululeka
Ukhula luvimbela ukuqina kwemibhede, okuheha izinambuzane, kudala izimo ezikahle zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Ngakho-ke, ukhula oluhluma lususwa ngezikhathi ezithile kusayithi.
Kunengqondo ukuhlanganisa le nqubo nokuxegisa umhlabathi kanye ne-hilling. Lokhu kwandisa ukungena kwenhlabathi emoyeni, kuvumela umoya-mpilo ukondla izingqimba ezijulile. Ngalokhu kunakekelwa, uhlelo lwempande lukhula kangcono, amasosha omzimba aqiniswa. Njengoba isiqu sakha, ummbila uyaqina, okuwenza ukwazi ukumelana nomoya onamandla nemvula enamandla.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngaphezu kokufaka umquba enhlabathini esiteji sokulungiselela imibhede, kuyadingeka ukondla izitshalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhula kobuningi obuluhlaza phakathi nenkathi yokukhula. Ukondliwa okuhambisanayo kwethulwa ngezigaba eziningana, futhi izakhamzimba ngayinye yazo zichazwe ngokuqinile.
Ukuphakelwa kokuqala kuqukethe i-slurry noma isisombululo sikakaka wezinyoni, okusetshenziswa ngemuva kokwakhiwa kweqabunga lesi-4 kusihlumela. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, kwethulwa okondla okwesibili, okubandakanya u-20 g we-ammonium nitrate, 20 g kasawoti we-potassium, 40 g we-superphosphate nge-1 m2. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ayi-7-8, isitshalo sidinga umsoco nge-zinc, boron, ithusi kanye ne-manganese.
Uma usebenzisa umanyolo, akufanele ukhuphule amanani okusetshenziswa. Ukuchichima kwamaminerali nakho kuyingozi kumahlumela, kanjalo nokushoda kwawo.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bommbila bulula. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezidinga ukunakekelwa umbuso wezinga lokushisa, ukugcinwa kwawo okudala izimo ezikahle zohlaza lwesitshalo.